ライフサイエンスコーパス: TMAO

1 TMAO accumulation with depth results in increasing inter

2 TMAO can serve as an important nutrient for ecologically

3 TMAO concentration did not differ between whites and bla

4 TMAO concentration was an independent predictor for coro

5 TMAO concentrations were markedly higher in patients rec

6 TMAO interacts weakly, if at all, with KCl, ruling out t

7 TMAO is, however, strongly excluded from the vicinity of

8 TMAO provided significant incremental prognostic value (

9 TMAO was positively associated with age, body mass index

10 TMAO, however, reduces the surface tension.

11 rt TMAO to dimethylamine and formaldehyde (1 TMAO --> 1 dimethylamine + 1 formaldehyde), confirming t

12 unction (eGFR < vs. >/=90 mL/min/1.73 m(2)), TMAO was associated with all-cause mortality only in sub

13 We found their muscles to have a TMAO content of 386 +/- 18 mmol/kg and osmolality of 991

14 Although urea halts aggregation, TMAO promotes the formation of compact oligomers (includ

15 f torCAD, but not genes encoding alternative TMAO reductases; (ii) transient expression of frmRAB, en

16 , PspA deficiency clearly affected anaerobic TMAO respiratory growth, suggesting that energetic costs

17 , 0.73); DMA, 0.37 (95% CI: 0.37, 0.69); and TMAO, 0.33 (95% CI: 0.08, 0.58).

18 its closely related metabolites, betaine and TMAO, with linear growth and stunting in young children.

19 We measured serum choline, betaine, and TMAO concentrations by using liquid chromatography isoto

20 75th percentile) serum choline, betaine, and TMAO concentrations were 6.4 (4.8, 8.3), 12.4 (9.1, 16.3

21 ents of age with serum choline, betaine, and TMAO were -0.57 (P < 0.0001), -0.26 (P < 0.0001), and -0

22 choline and elevated betaine-to-choline and TMAO-to-choline ratios.

23 diac brain natriuretic peptide, choline, and TMAO levels.

24 These results suggest that disaccharides and TMAO may have very different effects on Abeta aggregatio

25 col), alpha-MG (methyl-alpha-glucoside), and TMAO (trimethylamine n-oxide).

26 yrosine, citrate, N-acetyl-glycoproteins and TMAO was selected, which exhibited the highest area unde

27 Rates of methanol and TMAO oxidation and assimilation were measured with (14)C

28 ty of the confined water in the methanol and TMAO solutions mainly depends on electrostatic interacti

29 tively confirm a role for gut microbiota and TMAO in modulating platelet hyperresponsiveness and thro

30 serum choline, betaine-to-choline ratio, and TMAO-to-choline ratio were 0.31 (P < 0.0001), -0.24 (P <

31 a and the protecting osmolytes sarcosine and TMAO are reported on the thermally unfolded DSE of Nank4

32 tion, markedly enhanced synthesis of TMA and TMAO, and increased atherosclerosis, but this did not oc

33 Trimethylamine (TMA) and TMAO levels were initially higher in recipients on choli

34 ple aspect of the interplay between urea and TMAO on alpha-synuclein in the context of intrinsically

35 rimentally observed synergy between urea and TMAO.

36 reconstituted the catalytic activity of apo-TMAO reductase (TorA).

37 22-nucleotide RNA hairpin P5GA in an aqueous TMAO solution show that TMAO preferentially interacts wi

38 or transport of large Tat substrates such as TMAO reductase can become growth limiting in the absence

39 eded to both confirm the association between TMAO and atherosclerosis and identify factors, microbiot

40 s modest but significant correlation between TMAO concentrations and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)

41 However, a clear mechanistic link between TMAO and such diseases is not yet validated.

42 We explored the relationship between TMAO and all-cause mortality, and determined whether thi

43 udies have explored the relationship between TMAO and atherosclerosis formation in this group.

44 Time-dependent increases in levels of both TMAO and its d9 isotopologue, as well as other choline m

45 ation" experiments were performed using both TMAO and urea during the titration to produce a urea-TMA

46 V) was the most abundant species followed by TMAO, DMA, iAs(III) and MA.

47 copper resistance could be accounted for by TMAO inhibition of Cu(II) reduction.

48 Mg(2+) and that the structures stabilized by TMAO and Mg(2+) are indistinguishable.

49 ietary supplementation of mice with choline, TMAO or betaine promoted upregulation of multiple macrop

50 Thus, the rapid determination of circulating TMAO concentration is of clinical interest.

51 to formation of the proatherogenic compound TMAO.

52 In conclusion, TMAO is associated with all-cause mortality, particularl

53 ntaining choline (1.2%) or a diet containing TMAO (0.12%) starting 3 weeks before surgical transverse

54 rom recombinant Escherichia coli can convert TMAO to dimethylamine and formaldehyde (1 TMAO --> 1 dim

55 ntly (P<0.05, each) worse in mice fed either TMAO- or choline-supplemented diets when compared with t

56 Anaerobic conditions with either TMAO or arginine also upregulated the cba genes, encodin

57 Elevated TMAO level was an independent predictor of the presence

58 An elevated TMAO level predicted an increased risk of major adverse

59 e observed in patients with HF, and elevated TMAO levels portended higher long-term mortality risk in

60 tional risk factors and BNP levels, elevated TMAO levels remained predictive of 5-year mortality risk

61 igh-sensitivity C-reactive protein, elevated TMAO levels remained independently associated with a hig

62 timated glomerular filtration rate, elevated TMAO levels remained predictive of 5-year mortality risk

63 Among non-CKD subjects, elevated TMAO levels portend poorer prognosis within cohorts of h

64 adaptation to the presence of environmental TMAO, anaerobic fermentative cultures of E. coli respond

65 We show here that the enzyme TMAO demethylase (Tdm) catalyzes the first step in TMAO

66 d be of value for further studies evaluating TMAO as a risk marker and for examining the effect of di

67 After adjustment for several risk factors, TMAO remained associated with all-cause mortality [HR:1.

68 yde), confirming that it encodes a bona fide TMAO demethylase (Tdm).

69 stopped-flow kinetic traces at various final TMAO concentrations exhibited multiphasic kinetics.

70 For TMAO, the potential source is the atmospheric oxidation

71 ars to be hexameric, has a high affinity for TMAO (Km = 3.3 mM; Vmax = 21.7 nmol min(-1) mg(-1) ) and

72 y of dust events, or seasonality, except for TMAO, which showed higher concentrations during the cold

73 f the genetic and biochemical mechanisms for TMAO degradation in M. silvestris.

74 quintile, whites in the highest quintile for TMAO (>/=135 muM) had a 4-fold higher risk of cardiac or

75 sm and the membrane transporter required for TMAO uptake into microbial cells have yet to be identifi

76 However, the enzymes responsible for TMAO catabolism and the membrane transporter required fo

77 experimentally confirmed its specificity for TMAO through marker exchange mutagenesis and lacZ report

78 termined whether humans eating eggs generate TMAO and, if so, whether there is an associated increase

79 r gut microbiota and the dietary choline --> TMAO pathway contribute to increased heart failure susce

80 High TMAO and choline concentrations are associated with an a

81 High TMAO levels were observed in patients with HF, and eleva

82 An atherosclerosis-prone and high TMAO-producing strain, C57BL/6J, and an atherosclerosis-

83 t only among subjects with concurrently high TMAO levels.

84 In whites, 2-fold higher TMAO associated with higher risk (hazard ratio [95% conf

85 Despite there being consensus on how TMAO and urea affect proteins as a whole, very little is

86 p-cyano-phenylalanine, to directly probe how TMAO affects the hydration and conformational dynamics o

87 yl sulfate, carnitine, 3-hydroxyisobutyrate, TMAO and acetate) and 8 significantly decreased (dimethy

88 se operons, and a previous report identified TMAO reductase activity in symbiotic V. fischeri isolate

89 ly on the two inorganic As species, ignoring TMAO in particular.

90 The increase in T(F) in TMAO can be as large as 20 degrees C, whereas urea decre

91 al role for dietary choline and gut flora in TMAO production, augmented macrophage cholesterol accumu

92 (hazard ratio, 1.26 per 10 muM increment in TMAO concentration; 95% confidence interval, 1.13 to 1.4

93 identification of several genes involved in TMAO metabolism, including Msil_3606, a permease of the

94 ent in ApoE-deficient mice, and reduction in TMAO levels inhibits atherosclerosis development in the

95 tation resulted in substantial reductions in TMAO concentrations (median [min-max] 71.2 muM [29.2-189

96 emethylase (Tdm) catalyzes the first step in TMAO degradation.

97 of targeted inhibition of the first step in TMAO generation, commensal microbial TMA production, on

98 Chronic dietary exposures that increase TMAO directly contributes to progressive renal fibrosis

99 Increased TMAO concentrations correlate with coronary atherosclero

100 Increased TMAO levels are associated with an increased risk of inc

101 Therefore, it is debated whether increased TMAO concentrations are the cause or result of these dis

102 plantation can transmit choline diet-induced TMAO production and atherosclerosis susceptibility.

103 lopes; however, a V. fischeri strain lacking TMAO reductase activity displays no discernible coloniza

104 6J, and an atherosclerosis-resistant and low TMAO-producing strain, NZW/LacJ, were selected as donors

105 Subjects in the highest versus lowest TMAO quartile had a crude 1.86-fold higher mortality ris

106 r event (hazard ratio for highest vs. lowest TMAO quartile, 2.54; 95% confidence interval, 1.96 to 3.

107 e DSE from 6 M urea to water and then to 1 M TMAO, backbone-backbone (hydrogen-bonding) interactions

108 Here we report a method to measure TMAO in biological matrices by stable isotope dilution l

109 We measured TMAO in stored serum samples obtained 3-6 months after r

110 Median TMAO level among CKD subjects was 7.9 mumol/L (interquar

111 The median TMAO level was 5.0 muM, which was higher than in subject

112 In this prospective cohort study, the median TMAO level was 5.5 muM (interquartile range [IQR]: 3.4 t

113 line or the gut microbe-dependent metabolite TMAO.

114 Omnivorous human subjects produced more TMAO than did vegans or vegetarians following ingestion

115 pid vesicles, trehalose and sucrose, but not TMAO, were found to delay Abeta aggregation.

116 Our data demonstrate the ability of TMAO and urea to shift alpha-synuclein structures toward

117 lysis Study, and analyzed the association of TMAO with cardiovascular outcomes using Cox models adjus

118 The association of TMAO with mortality was modified by eGFR in crude and ag

119 ields fail to capture the correct balance of TMAO and urea interactions in ternary solutions.

120 ed into 4 groups by median concentrations of TMAO and choline (4.36 and 9.7 mumol/L, respectively).

121 This interface showed a high degree of TMAO alignment, but the dangling OH from water was prese

122 mg(-1) ) and only catalyses demethylation of TMAO and a structural homologue, dimethyldodecylamine N-

123 Positive determinants of TMAO in a stepwise regression model that applied to the

124 However, the determinants of TMAO in humans require additional assessment.

125 e implications for the stabilizing effect of TMAO on proteins.

126 ong parallels we find between the effects of TMAO and Mg(2+) suggest that RNA sequence is more import

127 cs simulations to investigate the effects of TMAO and urea on the unfolding of the hydrophobic homopo

128 rstand the physical basis for the effects of TMAO on RNA, we have quantitated the TMAO-induced stabil

129 th for the exceptionally strong exclusion of TMAO from peptide groups and for the experimentally obse

130 erum concentrations and urinary excretion of TMAO in a CKD cohort (n=104), identified the effect of r

131 =2 eggs results in an increased formation of TMAO.

132 The function of TMAO demethylase in a representative from the SAR11 clad

133 he properties and physiological functions of TMAO, its dietary sources, and its effects on human meta

134 nd genetic, that influence the generation of TMAO before policy and medical recommendations are made

135 Microbiota-dependent generation of TMAO is associated with increased risk of incident major

136 surements revealed that the methyl groups of TMAO pointed into the aqueous phase and away from the OT

137 gulatory system with consequent induction of TMAO reductase activity, resulting in net oxidation of m

138 elationship between fasting plasma levels of TMAO and incident major adverse cardiovascular events (d

139 We quantified plasma and urinary levels of TMAO and plasma choline and betaine levels by means of l

140 Increased plasma levels of TMAO were associated with an increased risk of a major a

141 Plasma levels of TMAO were markedly suppressed after the administration o

142 ed, the Oat3KO had elevated plasma levels of TMAO, which is associated with cardiovascular morbidity

143 ity coefficient data for aqueous mixtures of TMAO with urea.

144 ledge, the first experimental observation of TMAO-induced hydrophobic collapse in a ternary aqueous s

145 ncubated with TMAO suggested the presence of TMAO demethylase activity.

146 The production of TMAO from dietary phosphatidylcholine is dependent on me

147 ovascular events in humans, and provision of TMAO promotes atherosclerosis in mice.

148 and <9.9%, respectively, across the range of TMAO levels.

149 restingly, the transcriptional regulation of TMAO reductase operons in V. fischeri appears to differ

150 ious research suggested that the relation of TMAO with CVD risk might be stronger in diabetic than in

151 Studies that describe the potential role of TMAO in the etiology of cardiovascular and other disease

152 unts for the thermodynamics and solvation of TMAO in aqueous urea.

153 lavin monooxygenases, an enzymatic source of TMAO, segregated with atherosclerosis in hyperlipidaemic

154 pharmacologic, and environmental factors on TMAO levels.

155 sil_3603 and Msil_3606 can no longer grow on TMAO.

156 onfirmed that tdm is essential for growth on TMAO.

157 lamine concentrations (P = 0.010) but not on TMAO concentrations (P = 0.950).

158 n animal models, elevated dietary choline or TMAO directly led to progressive renal tubulointerstitia

159 lerosis, and supplementation with choline or TMAO promoted atherosclerosis.

160 In animal studies, dietary choline or TMAO significantly accelerates atherosclerotic lesion de

161 l model studies employing dietary choline or TMAO, germ-free mice, and microbial transplantation coll

162 Addition of the osmolyte TMAO to AK(eco) results in population shift toward the c

163 The osmolytes, TMAO, betaine, sarcosine, alanine, glycine, and proline

164 tween fasting plasma trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) and all-cause mortality over a 5-year follow-up in

165 dylcholine--choline, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and betaine--were identified and then shown to pre

166 protecting osmolyte trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) and denaturing osmolyte urea for the case of alpha

167 Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) and urea represent the extremes among the naturall

168 a choline metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) are associated with atherosclerosis.

169 ethylamine (TMA) and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) are widespread in the ocean and are important nitr

170 st soil, can grow on trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) as a sole nitrogen source; however, the molecular

171 piratory growth with trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) as the terminal electron acceptor revealed: (i) th

172 iration (dms), using trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) as the terminal electron acceptor, were highly upr

173 linearly as urea and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) concentrations increase.

174 and discovered that trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) crosses the blood-brain barrier.

175 ve osmolytes such as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) favor protein folding by being excluded from the v

176 Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a biologically active molecule and is a putativ

177 Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a common osmolyte found in a variety of marine

178 Trimethylamine-N-Oxide (TMAO) is a microbiome-related metabolite that is cleared

179 is not clear whether trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is directly transported, the Oat3KO had elevated p

180 Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) levels in blood predict future risk for major adve

181 with fasting plasma trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) levels, a gut microbiota-dependent metabolite asso

182 ehalose, sucrose and trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) on Abeta aggregation and fluorescent dye leakage i

183 Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) reductases are widespread in bacteria and often fu

184 e osmolytes urea and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) shift the population of IDP monomer structures, bu

185 urea, methanol, and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) show clearly the effects of cosolvents on the hydr

186 The common osmolyte trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) stabilizes proteins against pressure and increases

187 -protective osmolyte trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) that stabilizes cellular proteins in marine organi

188 Trimethlyamine-N-oxide (TMAO) was recently identified as a promoter of atheroscl

189 protective osmolyte trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) was used to induce folding transitions.

190 herogenic metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) with cardiovascular outcomes in hemodialysis patie

191 trimethylamine, and trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) with the use of liquid chromatography-tandem mass

192 Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a gut microbe-dependent metabolite of dietary cho

193 Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), a gut microbial-dependent metabolite of dietary c

194 Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a gut microbiota metabolite from dietary phosphat

195 Trimethylamine (TMA) N-oxide (TMAO), a gut-microbiota-dependent metabolite, both enhan

196 t (FMO3-dependent) formation of TMA-N-oxide (TMAO), a metabolite shown to be both mechanistically lin

197 cular orientation of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a powerful protein stabilizer, was explored at aq

198 Trimethylene N-oxide (TMAO), a proatherogenic molecule, is produced from the m

199 The use of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), an osmolyte that stabilizes the unliganded folded

200 is widely known that trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), an osmolyte used by nature, stabilizes the folded

201 of three osmolytes, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), betaine, and glycine, on the hydrophobic collapse

202 sing vasculitis were trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), citrate and 2-oxoglutarate.

203 hrough generation of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), directly contribute to platelet hyperreactivity a

204 ect of the osmolyte, Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO), which accumulates in cells in response to osmotic

205 icrobiota metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), which has been related to cardiovascular diseases

206 FMO3 produces trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), which has recently been suggested to promote athe

207 ncreased exposure to trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), which is purported to be a risk factor for develo

208 nutrients producing trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO).

209 clerotic metabolite, trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO).

210 atherogenic species, trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO).

211 conversion of TMA to trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO).

212 dimethylglycine, and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO)] and colorectal cancer risk among postmenopausal w

213 t the neutral osmolyte trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) can also effectively stabilize RNA tertiary struct

214 The presence of trimethylamine oxide (TMAO), another well-known protective osmolyte of elasmob

215 metabolites containing trimethylamine oxide (TMAO), glutamine, N-acetyl-glycoproteins, citrate, tyros

216 unds, methyl chloride, trimethylamine-oxide (TMAO) or dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) when they wer

217 , arsenobetaine (AB), trimethylarsine oxide (TMAO) and arsenocholine (AC)) in Brazilian and Spanish s

218 lated As(III) to form trimethylarsine oxide (TMAO) and dimethylarsenate [DMAs(V)].

219 e we demonstrate that trimethylarsine oxide (TMAO) and inorganic arsenic are the dominant species in

220 hylarsinate (DMA) and trimethylarsine oxide (TMAO).

221 t metabolism of dietary phosphatidylcholine, TMAO levels, and adverse cardiovascular events in humans

222 Plasma TMAO at timed intervals (immediately before and 1, 2, 4,

223 Plasma TMAO levels are both elevated in patients with CKD and p

224 Plasma TMAO levels correlated (all p < 0.0001) with the SYNTAX

225 Plasma TMAO levels in subjects (n > 4,000) independently predic

226 ed between atherosclerotic plaque and plasma TMAO levels in a mouse diversity panel (n = 22 strains,

227 The positive association between plasma TMAO and colorectal cancer risk is consistent with an in

228 t to examine the relationship between plasma TMAO levels and the complexity and burden of CAD and deg

229 human feces was associated with both plasma TMAO concentration and dietary status.

230 Elevated plasma TMAO concentrations likely reflect a specific metabolic

231 ined the relationship between fasting plasma TMAO and all-cause mortality over 5-year follow-up in 52

232 Fasting plasma TMAO levels are an independent predictor of a high ather

233 Fasting plasma TMAO was measured by mass spectrometry.

234 Finally, plasma TMAO, an oxidative derivative of choline produced by int

235 associated with significantly higher plasma TMAO concentration (8.6 +/- 12.2 compared with 5.4 +/- 5

236 Diabetes is related to higher plasma TMAO concentrations but also to alterations in interrela

237 Higher plasma TMAO levels were associated with a 3.4-fold increased mo

238 The difference in plasma TMAO concentrations between men and women (7.3 +/- 10.0

239 ositive correlation between increased plasma TMAO concentrations and adverse cardiovascular events, s

240 rticipants to examine associations of plasma TMAO with all-cause mortality.

241 higher (fourth versus first quartile) plasma TMAO level was associated with a 2.8-fold increased mort

242 entify microbial taxa associated with plasma TMAO and thrombosis potential.

243 also identified that correlated with plasma TMAO levels in donors and recipients and with atheroscle

244 hylamine abundant in red meat, also produces TMAO and accelerates atherosclerosis in mice.

245 or of the SWNT, while the protein protectant TMAO dehydrates the SWNT.

246 e of Vibrio fischeri revealed three putative TMAO reductase operons, and a previous report identified

247 intestinal contents, human feces) and reduce TMAO levels in mice fed a high-choline or L-carnitine di

248 Remarkably, TMAO induces the native conformation of a Mg(2+) ion che

249 As a result, TMAO behaves in a manner that is surprisingly similar to

250 Serum TMAO concentrations demonstrated a strong inverse associ

251 ined the relationship between baseline serum TMAO and long-term survival after coronary angiography.

252 e cross-sectional relationship between serum TMAO and coronary atherosclerosis burden in a separate C

253 In conclusion, serum TMAO concentrations substantially increase with decremen

254 fied the effect of renal transplant on serum TMAO concentration in a subset of these patients (n=6),

255 g V. fischeri as a model system for studying TMAO reductases in the Vibrionaceae.

256 on of osmolytes (proline, sorbitol, sucrose, TMAO, and sarcosine).

257 ules in the RNA structures studied) and that TMAO works principally by reducing the energetic penalty

258 We conclude that TMAO concentration associates with cardiovascular events

259 The finding that TMAO and inorganic arsenic are widely present and elevat

260 We hypothesize that TMAO and inorganic arsenic in monsoonal wet deposition a

261 l, with KCl, ruling out the possibility that TMAO stabilizes RNA indirectly by increasing salt activi

262 In particular, we propose that TMAO stabilizes proteins by acting as a surfactant for t

263 )GKVQIINKKLDL(284)) of the Tau protein, that TMAO can counteract the denaturing effects of urea by in

264 Stability studies reveal that TMAO in plasma is stable both during storage at -80 degr

265 solvent conditions, we are able to show that TMAO achieves its protein-stabilizing ability through th

266 l energy measurements, our results show that TMAO and urea act on polystyrene as a protectant and a d

267 n P5GA in an aqueous TMAO solution show that TMAO preferentially interacts with the base through the

268 These experiments showed that TMAO red-shifts the OH stretch of the IR spectrum via a

269 ring and hydroxyl radical probing shows that TMAO reduces the radius of gyration of the unfolded ense

270 cular dynamics (MD) simulations suggest that TMAO also slightly accumulates at the polymer-water inte

271 These data suggest that TMAO represents a significant, yet overlooked, nutrient

272 These results suggest that TMAO stabilizes collapsed conformations via a mechanism

273 Similarly, MD simulations suggested that TMAO disrupts the water structure to the least extent, w

274 vide a molecular explanation suggesting that TMAO molecules have a greater thermodynamic binding affi

275 The TMAO:trimethylamine ratio was higher in men (P < 0.001).

276 Strong hydrogen-bonding at the TMAO oxygen, combined with volume exclusion, accounts fo

277 significantly greater (P<0.01, each) in the TMAO and choline groups relative to controls.

278 derable variation between individuals in the TMAO response.

279 ects of TMAO on RNA, we have quantitated the TMAO-induced stabilization of five RNAs with known struc

280 of choline diet-dependent differences in TMA/TMAO levels was not maintained to the end of the study.

281 tal choline in eggs having been converted to TMAO.

282 mRAB mutant was compromised upon exposure to TMAO.

283 Direct exposure of platelets to TMAO enhanced sub-maximal stimulus-dependent platelet ac

284 ria and is responsible for converting TMA to TMAO.

285 oxygenases (FMOs) efficiently oxidize TMA to TMAO.

286 Plasma concentrations of trimethylamine, TMAO, choline, lipids, phospholipids, and methyl metabol

287 urea during the titration to produce a urea-TMAO titration surface of P protein.

288 experiments directly reveal that a 21 [urea][TMAO] ratio has a net neutral effect on the protein's di

289 s associated with increased plasma and urine TMAO concentrations (P < 0.01), with approximately 14% o

290 4, 8, and 24 h after each dose), 24-h urine TMAO, predose and 24-h postdose serum hsCRP, and plasma

291 rm As(III) into monomethylarsenite, DMAs(V), TMAO, and trimethylarsine gas, with a T(opt) of 60-70 de

292 genes were both induced with arginine, while TMAO induced the bop gene and major gas vesicle protein

293 ic risk factors and pathways associated with TMAO concentrations in humans.

294 ess than the median (n = 82), the group with TMAO and choline concentrations that were at least the m

295 Compared with the group with TMAO and choline concentrations that were less than the

296 when cell-free extracts were incubated with TMAO suggested the presence of TMAO demethylase activity

297 t only for cardiac death among patients with TMAO concentrations below the median (1.58 [1.03 to 2.44

298 t tended to show coincident proportions with TMAO levels.

299 n was compared to anaerobic respiration with TMAO, the arc and dms genes were both induced with argin

300 nal microbiota, dietary supplementation with TMAO or either carnitine or choline reduced in vivo reve