ライフサイエンスコーパス: TRN

1 TRN activation triggered inhibition in relay cells but n

2 TRN dendritic and axonal morphologies are inconsistent w

3 TRN neurons are also coupled to one another by electrica

4 TRN neurons are interconnected by a network of GABAergic

5 TRN neurons that lack burst discharge typically did not

6 TRN-restricted deletion of Ptchd1 leads to attention def

7 TRN-SR2 was originally identified in a yeast two-hybrid

8 chronous and imprecise rebound bursting; (2) TRN-mediated lateral inhibition that further desynchroni

9 Thus, the FLP neurons can acquire a TRN-like fate but use multiple levels of regulation to e

10 a from multiple sources and by decomposing a TRN into NM-based modules.

11 TF) establishes the framework structure of a TRN and allows the inference of TF-target gene relations

12 ion factors cause the FLP neurons to acquire TRN-like traits.

13 and organization of the TRN MTs and affects TRN axonal morphology.

14 ggesting morphological heterogeneity amongst TRN neurons, the heterogeneity of intrinsic properties o

15 nal modeling to demonstrate how the amygdala-TRN pathway, embedded in a wider neural circuit, can med

16 The model suggests that the amygdala-TRN projection can serve as a unique mechanism for emoti

17 notation of regulatory features of genes and TRN reconstruction are challenging tasks of microbial ge

18 The reciprocal modulation in LGN and TRN appears only during the initial visual response, but

19 ndle epoch, oscillatory activity in mPFC and TRN increased in frequency from onset to offset, accompa

20 fferentiation between recurrent neoplasm and TRN.

21 geted patch-clamp recordings from rat TC and TRN neuron dendrites to measure bAPs directly.

22 spatial influence of bAP signaling in TC and TRN neurons is more restricted, with potentially importa

23 terior Hox proteins transformed the anterior TRN subtype toward a posterior identity both morphologic

24 mmon genes had previously been identified as TRN-specific.

25 h frequency subthreshold signals improved as TRN cells matured.

26 By contrast, DSI is not observed at TRN synapses targeting thalamic relay neurons.

27 Ptchd1 deletion attenuates TRN activity through mechanisms involving small conducta

28 explore the fine structure of the bacterial TRN and the underlying "co-regulatory network" (CRN) to

29 Because TRN neurons signal electrically through dendrodendritic

30 the reciprocal synaptic connectivity between TRN with associated thalamic relay nuclei is critical in

31 nstrated that the direct interaction between TRN-SR2 and HIV integrase predominantly involves the cat

32 s is supported by direct interaction between TRN-SR2 and HIV-1 integrase (IN).

33 characterization of the interaction between TRN-SR2 and Ran.

34 ability of adaptive behavior differs between TRNs and ERNs.

35 iring mode of thalamic neurons, perhaps both TRN and thalamocortical neurons, from burst- to tonic-di

36 This brain TRN quantitatively predicts with high accuracy gene expr

37 ittle effect on atypical burst and non-burst TRN cells.

38 GABAergic synapses formed by TRN neurons contact both thalamic relay cells and neuron

39 s to the neocortex is strongly influenced by TRN.

40 ow captures different aspects of the E. coli TRN than expression-based approaches, potentially making

41 c cholinergic receptors, thereby controlling TRN neuronal activity with high spatiotemporal precision

42 unknown role of ErbB4 in regulating cortico-TRN-thalamic circuit function.

43 coordinated burst firing in pairs of coupled TRN neurons.

44 The anterior subtype maintains a default TRN state, whereas the posterior subtype undergoes furth

45 Kv3.1/Kv3.3-deficient TRN neurons studied in vitro show approximately 60% incr

46 elated), which ensures, but does not direct, TRN differentiation.

47 itude calcium responses, via I(T), in distal TRN dendrites.

48 emonstrate that direct stimulation of distal TRN dendrites, via focal glutamate application and synap

49 The majority of neurons in the dorsal TRN (56%) lack burst discharge, and the remaining neuron

50 tent with a decrease in arousal state during TRN stimulation.

51 by restricting variability, and thus ensures TRN differentiation.

52 of the Erbb4 gene in somatostatin-expressing TRN neurons markedly alters behaviors that are dependent

53 ucleus, which similarly innervated extensive TRN sites.

54 By combining the first TRN ensemble recording with psychophysics and connectivi

55 However, existing methods for TRN identification suffer from the inclusion of excessiv

56 utoregulation of mec-3 is not sufficient for TRN differentiation; ALR-1 provides a second positive fe

57 ion was much larger for relay cells than for TRN neurons.

58 A-seq, we compare transcription profiles for TRNs with those of two other sensory neurons, and presen

59 t it is mediated by the release of 2-AG from TRN neurons.

60 Blocking synaptic release from TRN neurons through conditional deletion of vesicular GA

61 in vivo electrophysiological recordings from TRNs, and heterologous expression of mutant MEC-10 isofo

62 originating from brainstem nuclei, GABAergic TRN neurons, and local GABAergic interneurons.

63 Here we anatomically identify the human TRN using multiple registered and averaged proton densit

64 nd the absolute expression level to identify TRN connections.

65 Computational approaches to identify TRNs can be applied in any species where quality RNA can

66 tive stress may play a key role in impacting TRN PV neurons at early stages of these disorders.

67 ent functions, including rebound bursting in TRN neurons, with potential implications for schizophren

68 In contrast, in TRN neurons, AP properties are unchanged between LTS bur

69 dence and strength of electrical coupling in TRN was sharply reduced, but not abolished, in KO mice.

70 Mutations in mec-15 produce defects in TRN touch sensitivity, chemical synapse formation, and c

71 ced a robust, long-lasting depolarization in TRN neurons, a weaker depolarization in thalamocortical

72 d occluded the NO-mediated depolarization in TRN neurons.

73 , occupy overlapping but distinct domains in TRN neurites.

74 reases and the generation of burst firing in TRN neurons.

75 ls to powerfully control spike generation in TRN neurons.

76 that intracellular Cl(-) levels are high in TRN neurons, resulting in a Cl(-) reversal potential (E(

77 ther underscore the importance of the HIV-IN TRN-SR2 protein-protein interaction for HIV nuclear impo

78 ns and their axons evokes GABAergic IPSCs in TRN neurons in mice younger than 2 weeks of age but fail

79 GABAergic neurons in TRN exhibited large initial excitatory responses that qu

80 iggered inhibition in relay cells but not in TRN neurons.

81 ting a second protein degradation pathway in TRN development.

82 s sufficient to trigger action potentials in TRN neurons.

83 ata, MEC-10, but not MEC-6, formed puncta in TRN neurites that colocalize with MEC-4 when MEC-4 is ov

84 s no effect on spontaneous IPSCs recorded in TRN neurons aged 2 weeks or older while dramatically red

85 In TRNs, unique 15-protofilament microtubules and an electr

86 n for HIV nuclear import and validate the IN/TRN-SR2 interaction interface as a promising target for

87 Insight into the IN/TRN-SR2 interaction interface is necessary to guide drug

88 mproves the ability to computationally infer TRN from time series expression data.

89 mented in the RegPredict Web server to infer TRN in the model Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtil

90 The inferred TRN in B. subtilis comprises regulons for 129 TFs and 24

91 Instead, TRN neuronal organization could facilitate transmission

92 ical and chemical synapses that interconnect TRN neurons.

93 ll as by electrical synapses interconnecting TRN neurons.

94 inent at inhibitory synapses interconnecting TRN neurons.

95 e problem and thus solving it for very large TRNs remains to be a challenge.

96 Next, the regions of the solenoid-like TRN-SR2 molecule that are involved in the interaction wi

97 ions is shown to arise from the cross-linked TRN structure.

98 expressing parvalbumin (PV neurons), a main TRN neuronal population, and associated Wisteria floribu

99 hers; microtubule depolymerization in mature TRNs causes touch insensitivity but does not result in p

100 c inhibitory circuitry, neuronal morphology, TRN cell function and electrical coupling requires Cx36.

101 ents evokes near-synchronous firing in mouse TRN neurons that is rapidly desynchronized in thalamic n

102 iggers postsynaptic depolarizations in mouse TRN neurons.

103 ure of the transcription regulatory network (TRN) is believed to be similar in both superkingdoms.

104 a brain transcriptional regulatory network (TRN) model.

105 (NDS) of transcriptional regulatory network (TRN) processes.

106 nsistent transcriptional regulatory network (TRN) with strong similarity to the structure of the unde

107 bases of transcriptional regulatory network (TRN), protein-protein interaction, and cell signaling pa

108 hrough the transcription regulatory network (TRN).

109 nstruct transcriptional regulatory networks (TRNs) focus primarily on proximal data such as gene co-e

110 ling of transcriptional regulatory networks (TRNs) has been increasingly used to dissect the nature o

111 tion of transcriptional regulatory networks (TRNs) is of significant importance in computational biol

112 ture of transcriptional regulatory networks (TRNs) is well understood, it is not clear what constrain

113 Transcriptional regulatory networks (TRNs) program cells to dynamically alter their gene expr

114 complex transcriptional regulatory networks (TRNs), which are still only partially understood even fo

115 ee-node transcriptional regulatory networks (TRNs), with three different types of gene regulation log

116 through transcriptional regulatory networks (TRNs).

117 ns result in variable touch receptor neuron (TRN) function.

118 general reduction in touch receptor neuron (TRN) protein levels.

119 is most prominent in touch receptor neurons (TRNs) and MEC-17, a homolog of alphaTAT1, and its paralo

120 two subtypes of the touch receptor neurons (TRNs) in C. elegans, we found that a "posterior inductio

121 scles in mammals and touch receptor neurons (TRNs) in Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes are embedded i

122 n of 15-p MTs in the touch receptor neurons (TRNs) MTs.

123 e well-characterized touch receptor neurons (TRNs) of Caenorhabditis elegans to investigate this ques

124 fferentiation of the touch receptor neurons (TRNs) of Caenorhabditis elegans.

125 abditis elegans, six touch receptor neurons (TRNs) sense gentle touch and uniquely contain 15-protofi

126 tle touch in the six touch receptor neurons (TRNs) using a mechanotransduction complex that contains

127 enorhabditis elegans touch receptor neurons (TRNs), such channels contain two pore-forming subunits (

128 ectly sensitizes the touch receptor neurons (TRNs).

129 number in C. elegans touch receptor neurons (TRNs).

130 d exclusively in six touch receptor neurons (TRNs).

131 enorhabditis elegans touch receptor neurons (TRNs).

132 ory systems: the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) and extrathalamic inhibitory (ETI) inputs.

133 c neurons in the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) and intrinsic interneurons of dLGN.

134 ecordings in the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of freely behav

135 volvement of the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) come from its unique neuronal characteristics and n

136 t neurons in the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) form GABAergic synapses with other TRN neurons and

137 c neurons in the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) form powerful inhibitory connections with several d

138 s known that the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) gates sensory information en route to the cortex, b

139 The inhibitory thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) intercepts and modulates all corticothalamic and th

140 The inhibitory thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) is a hub of the attentional system that gates thala

141 The thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) is a unique brain structure at the interface betwee

142 The thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) is hypothesized to regulate neocortical rhythms and

143 The thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) is hypothesized to regulate thalamo-cortical intera

144 ic neurons (e.g. thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) neurons and dLGN interneurons).

145 ortical (TC) and thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) neurons remains unknown.

146 ursting in model thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) neurons.

147 c neurons in the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) of mice and rats form two types of GJ-coupled clust

148 y neurons in the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) play a critical role in controlling information tra

149 ithin the mature thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) powerfully inhibit ventrobasal (VB) thalamic relay

150 The thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) provides inhibitory innervation to most thalamic re

151 ic activation of thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) rapidly induces slow wave activity in a spatially r

152 The thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN), a brain area rich in gap junctional (electrical) s

153 The thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN), a brain area rich in gap-junctional (electrical) s

154 ion in the mouse thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN), a brain structure essential for sensory processing

155 nsmission in the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN), a brain structure intimately involved in the contr

156 expressed in the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN), a group of GABAergic neurons that regulate thalamo

157 s the inhibitory thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN), a key node in the brain's attentional network.

158 pass through the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN), a thin layer of GABAergic cells adjacent to the th

159 , neurons in the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN), which exert powerful inhibitory control over thala

160 expressed in the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN), which is thought to act as a pacemaker at sleep on

161 c neurons in the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN).

162 arising from the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN).

163 y neurons of the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN).

164 egically located thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN).

165 in the adjacent thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN).

166 eurons, but these cells do not share obvious TRN traits or proteins.

167 nfluence of this hypothesis, the activity of TRN neurons has never been determined during an attentio

168 med unusual synapses close to cell bodies of TRN neurons and had more large and efficient terminals t

169 nstructed neuron, revealed three clusters of TRN neurons that differed in cell body shape and size, d

170 gle X-ray scattering data for the complex of TRN-SR2 with truncated integrase, we propose a molecular

171 ed and analyzed by integrating a database of TRN information, cDNA microarray data analyzers, bioinfo

172 the TRN precede the postnatal development of TRN-to-VB inhibition.

173 mice, we found that brief selective drive of TRN switched the thalamocortical firing mode from tonic

174 n vivo as well as rhythmic rebound firing of TRN neurons in vitro is diminished in mutant mice.

175 y we demonstrate stable complex formation of TRN-SR2 and RanGTP in solution.

176 egrase interacts with the N-terminal half of TRN-SR2 principally through the HEAT repeats 4, 10, and

177 ational framework to assist the inference of TRN by integrating heterogeneous data from multiple sour

178 We have now studied the interaction of TRN-SR2 and HIV IN in molecular detail and identified th

179 was used to characterize the interaction of TRN-SR2 with a truncated variant of the HIV-1 integrase,

180 e deletion of Cx36 affects the maturation of TRN and VB neurons, electrical coupling and GABAergic sy

181 sis supported a model wherein one monomer of TRN-SR2 is bound to one monomer of RanGTP.

182 the dLGN, we reconstructed a large number of TRN neurons that were retrogradely labeled following inj

183 ompanied by a consistent phase precession of TRN spike times relative to the cortical oscillation.

184 t altered electrophysiological properties of TRN neurons contribute to the reduced EEG power at slow

185 the heterogeneity of intrinsic properties of TRN neurons has not been systematically examined.

186 The properties of TRN-mediated inhibition in VB also depended on the Cx36

187 ABA/parvalbumin-positive dendritic shafts of TRN neurons.

188 Although channels decorate all sides of TRN neurites; they are not associated with the distal en

189 We find that optogenetic stimulation of TRN neurons and their axons evokes GABAergic IPSCs in TR

190 suggest that there exist a subpopulation of TRN neurons that receive convergent inputs from multiple

191 s integrative approach enabled generation of TRNs with increased information content relative to R. s

192 refore needed for reliable identification of TRNs in this context.

193 ch approaches enable rapid reconstruction of TRNs, the overwhelming combinatorics of possible network

194 an explain how the hierarchical structure of TRNs might be ultimately governed by the dynamic biophys

195 These experiments indicate that one TRN-SR2 molecule can specifically bind one CCD-CTD dimer

196 naptic inputs can powerfully entrain ongoing TRN neuronal activity.

197 nically relevant behavioural phenotypes onto TRN dysfunction in a human disease model, while also ide

198 Transportin 3 (TNPO3 or TRN-SR2) has been shown to be an important cellular fact

199 eus (TRN) form GABAergic synapses with other TRN neurons and that these interconnections are importan

200 Thus, as predicted previously, TRN activity is modified by shifts of visual attention,

201 proach can be used to simultaneously produce TRN models for each related organism used in the compara

202 While activity of limbic-projecting TRN neurons positively correlates with arousal, sensory-

203 strate its ability to accurately reconstruct TRNs in biological complex systems.

204 can be successfully used to help reconstruct TRNs from high-throughput data, and highlights the poten

205 flow and observations to build a large-scale TRN model for the alpha-Proteobacterium Rhodobacter spha

206 a novel workflow for generating large-scale TRN models that integrates comparative genomics data, gl

207 gene expression data to assemble large-scale TRN models with high-quality predictions.

208 t their properties and their role in shaping TRN neuronal activity are not well understood.

209 Although in concentrated solutions TRN-SR2 by itself was predominantly present as a dimer,

210 In the absence of Cx36, some TRN neurons express asymmetric electrical coupling media

211 tion of predictions from this R. sphaeroides TRN model showed that high precision and recall was also

212 formation content relative to R. sphaeroides TRN models built via other approaches.

213 One such factor, transportin SR2 (TRN-SR2)/transportin 3 (TNPO3), promotes infection by HI

214 The karyopherin transportin SR2 (TRN-SR2, TNPO3) is responsible for shuttling specific ca

215 Transportin-SR2 (TRN-SR2 and TNPO3) is a cellular cofactor of HIV replica

216 Transportin-SR2 (TRN-SR2, Transportin-3, TNPO3) is a cellular karyopherin

217 NAP preferentially depolarized stereotypical TRN neurons that could produced strong burst discharge.

218 We conclude that TRN can induce rapid modulation of local cortical state.

219 ecture led Crick in 1984 to hypothesize that TRN serves to direct a searchlight of attention to diffe

220 Our findings clearly indicate that TRN neurons can be differentiated by differences in thei

221 Immunohistochemical data indicate that TRN neurons express very low levels of the Cl(-) transpo

222 Here, we propose that TRN circuits are specialized to exert thalamic control a

223 Our intracellular recordings revealed that TRN neurons can be differentiated by their action potent

224 The TRN used is constructed and analyzed by integrating a da

225 The TRN, therefore, is in a strategic location to regulate t

226 Because the TRN receives bottom-up sensory input and top-down cortic

227 t except for a short period after birth, the TRN of the mouse lacks intrinsic GABAergic connections.

228 nges occur (e.g., the expression of both the TRN mRNAs and proteins) when the FLP neurons ectopically

229 LGN by observing that it is inhibited by the TRN, and suggested that "if the thalamus is the gateway

230 We previously characterized the TRN-SR2 binding interface in IN and introduced mutations

231 How specific circuits connecting the TRN with sensory thalamic structures implement these fun

232 Decomposing the TRN into a small set of recurring regulatory patterns, c

233 lf was predominantly present as a dimer, the TRN-SR2-RanGTP complex was significantly more compact.

234 We propose these neurons enable the TRN to act as an externally driven "searchlight" that in

235 tional evidence supports broad roles for the TRN in arousal, attention, and sensory selection.

236 ic trees and fewer divergent inputs from the TRN compared to WT cells.

237 IV IN in molecular detail and identified the TRN-SR2 interacting regions of IN.

238 TFs playing key roles in the TRN include well-known regulators of neural and behavior

239 Plasticity of electrical synapses in the TRN may be a key mechanism underlying these processes.

240 profound abnormalities of PV neurons in the TRN of subjects with SZ and BD, and offer support for th

241 amine intrinsic GABAergic connections in the TRN of the mouse.

242 Electrical synapses in the TRN precede the postnatal development of TRN-to-VB inhib

243 ve for PV) and WFA/PNNs were observed in the TRN, with no effects of duration of illness or age at on

244 armacological targeting and not found in the TRN-restricted deletion mouse.

245 erm depression of electrical synapses in the TRN.

246 ponse properties in the visual sector of the TRN and measured an inhibitory relationship with the con

247 neurons arrayed across the thickness of the TRN and target their axons to both first- and higher-ord

248 elationship between the visual sector of the TRN and the dLGN, we reconstructed a large number of TRN

249 Fs in different hierarchical elements of the TRN appears to involve on a multi-dimensional selection

250 nectivity that mediates re-excitation of the TRN but preserves asynchronous firing.

251 The somatosensory region of the TRN can be organized into three tiers.

252 d neurons of the somatosensory region of the TRN in a thalamocortical slice preparation and studied t

253 r gross characterizations of the role of the TRN in human behavior.

254 de causal support for the involvement of the TRN in state regulation in vivo and introduce a new mode

255 A direct involvement of the TRN in SZ and BD has not been tested thus far.

256 structural organization and function of the TRN is particularly interesting in the context of highly

257 o changes the number and organization of the TRN MTs and affects TRN axonal morphology.

258 opose that ErbB4 sets the sensitivity of the TRN to cortical inputs at levels that can support sensor

259 nsidering the functional architecture of the TRN, elongated nature of their dendrites, and robust den

260 Despite the importance of the TRN, its activity has been scarcely investigated in vivo

261 g functional modules within the plane of the TRN, with axons that selectively inhibit local groups of

262 Finally, we present a homology model of the TRN-SR2-RanGTP complex that is in excellent agreement wi

263 ibute evenly throughout the thickness of the TRN.

264 ctions are important for the function of the TRN.

265 iated by an enhanced cortical drive onto the TRN that promotes the TRN-mediated cortical feedback inh

266 ortical drive onto the TRN that promotes the TRN-mediated cortical feedback inhibition of thalamic ne

267 The inputs to the TRN are excitatory, but the output back to the thalamic

268 despite the superficial similarities to the TRN of the eukaryotic model organism yeast, the bacteria

269 alamic nuclei across brain states, where the TRN separately controls external sensory and internal li

270 erns, and medial-lateral position within the TRN.

271 ge number of 15-p MTs, normally found in the TRNs, is not essential for mechanosensation.

272 In the TRNs, we analyze process outgrowth and show that four tu

273 ith MEC-4 when MEC-4 is overexpressed in the TRNs.

274 with unc-86, for the differentiation of the TRNs.

275 the experimental findings, predicts that the TRNs function as a band-pass mechanical filter, and prov

276 Here, we explore this question using the TRNs of model prokaryotes and provide a link between the

277 at the insulin signaling cascade within the TRNs.

278 s contain low amounts of the mRNAs for these TRN genes, they do not have detectable proteins.

279 We put forth that these TRN abnormalities may contribute to disruptions of sleep

280 ~67% of the predicted gene clusters in this TRN are enriched for functions ranging from photosynthes

281 Transportin-SR2 (Tnpo3, TRN-SR2), a human karyopherin encoded by the TNPO3 gene,

282 es, whereas late cells fired in antiphase to TRN activity and also had higher firing rates than early

283 l domain of HIV-1 IN that mediate binding to TRN-SR2 were recently delineated.

284 The different pathways to TRN suggest distinct mechanisms of attention to external

285 rom the amygdala sends robust projections to TRN.

286 pecialized microtubules, which are unique to TRNs, assemble into a cross-linked bundle connected by a

287 Whereas the sensory dendrite of wild-type TRNs is packed with a cross-linked bundle of long, 15-pr

288 TF logics and to reconstruct the underlying TRNs.

289 In contrast, most neurons in ventral TRN (82%) display a stereotypical burst discharge consis

290 y 4 but were infrequent at all ages, whereas TRN cells were extensively connected by electrical synap

291 It is not known whether TRN cells or any neurons that are electrically coupled w

292 A model in which TRN-SR2 imports the viral preintegration complex into th

293 esis is validated for epithelial cells whose TRN is found to support an extremely complex array of st

294 , HIV-1 IN is released from the complex with TRN-SR2 by RanGTP.

295 191)) retaining the ability to interact with TRN-SR2.

296 , that significantly reduce interaction with TRN-SR2.

297 in IN as important for the interaction with TRN-SR2: Phe-185/Lys-186/Arg-187/Lys-188 in the CCD and

298 arly cells generally fired in synchrony with TRN spikes, whereas late cells fired in antiphase to TRN

299 ned the prevalence of burst discharge within TRN neurons.

300 ubtypes are not uniformly distributed within TRN.

301 both thalamic relay cells and neurons within TRN.