ライフサイエンスコーパス: U1 snRNP

1 U1 snRNP (U1), in addition to its splicing role, protect

2 U1 snRNP binding to the 5' splice site no. 4 is required

3 U1 snRNP binds to the 5' exon-intron junction of pre-mRN

4 U1 snRNP plays a critical role in 5'-splice site recogni

5 U1 snRNP proteins also contribute to U1 snRNP activity.

6 that this interaction between the galectin-3-U1 snRNP particle and the pre-mRNA results in a producti

7 tract can be reconstituted by the galectin-3-U1 snRNP particle, isolated by immunoprecipitation of th

8 These results indicate that the galectin-3-U1 snRNP-pre-mRNA ternary complex is a functional E comp

9 omplexes, we found this isolated galectin-3--U1 snRNP particle was sufficient to load galectin-3 onto

10 ar ribonucleoprotein (snRNP)-70K (U1-70K), a U1 snRNP-specific protein, is involved in the early stag

11 ein particle (U1 snRNP) 70K (U1-70K) gene, a U1 snRNP-specific protein, has been implicated in basic

12 o show that recombinant yeast U1C protein, a U1 snRNP protein, selects a 5'-splice-site-like sequence

13 Using a U1 snRNP complementation assay, we found that SL4 is ess

14 y 10S particle that contained galectin-3 and U1 snRNP and this particle was sufficient to load the ga

15 L1), is required for SMN complex binding and U1 snRNP Sm core assembly.

16 ssociates with RNAP II, and both RNAP II and U1 snRNP are also the most abundant factors associated w

17 mediating an interaction between RNAP II and U1 snRNP.

18 y complex containing ESE, an SR protein, and U1 snRNP.

19 inhibits SMN complex binding to U1 snRNA and U1 snRNP assembly.

20 procal changes in the levels of U1 snRNA and U1 snRNP proteins.

21 the flanking introns allowed normal U2AF and U1 snRNP binding to the target exon splice sites but blo

22 n combined with a viable mutation in another U1 snRNP component.

23 CD14(+) human monocytes dependently of anti-U1-snRNP Abs, leading to IL-1beta production.

24 reated with U1-snRNP in the presence of anti-U1-snRNP Abs.

25 like systemic lupus erythematosus where anti-U1-snRNP Abs are present.

26 the current model for spliceosome assembly, U1 snRNP binds to the 5' splice site in the E complex fo

27 completely disrupts the association between U1 snRNP and both FUS and RNAP II, but has no effect on

28 tant for efficient complex formation between U1 snRNP and the pre-mRNA 5' splice site.

29 Modulation of the interaction between U1 snRNP and the 5' splice site (5'ss) is a key event th

30 analyzed here are unable to efficiently bind U1 snRNP proteins.

31 city, we determined that these elements bind U1 snRNPs via base pairing with U1 RNA.

32 in complexes assembled on pre-mRNA, blocking U1 snRNP (small nuclear ribonucleoprotein) binding and e

33 We show that blocking U1-snRNP can activate IPA, indicating a larger role for

34 that are needed for maximal binding of both U1 snRNPs and U2 snRNPs to the 5' and 3' splice site, re

35 pon competition with splicing, inhibition by U1 snRNP binding to the intron donor, and the intrinsic

36 e selection of 5'-splice site nucleotides by U1 snRNP is achieved predominantly through basepairing w

37 her reported systems, inhibition of (pA)p by U1 snRNP binding to the intron donor is decreased as the

38 5' splice site of pre-mRNA is recognised by U1 snRNP.

39 through recognition of the 5' splice site by U1 snRNP and the polypyrimidine tract by the U2 small nu

40 The inhibition of the HIV-1 poly(A) site by U1 snRNP relies on a series of delicately balanced RNA p

41 initial identification of 5' splice sites by U1 snRNP.

42 proximal sense PAS signals are suppressed by U1 snRNP.

43 ls how the ribonucleoprotein particle called U1 snRNP engages with 5' splice sites.

44 tiates via formation of a complex comprising U1 snRNP bound at the 5' splice site (5'SS) and the Msl5

45 Here, we report that the conserved U1 snRNP-interacting RNA-binding protein PSI is essentia

46 h otherwise intact Mud1- and Nam8-containing U1 snRNPs from tgs1Delta cells.

47 is unknown whether endogenous RNA-containing U1-snRNP could activate this molecular complex.

48 ings indicate that endogenous RNA-containing U1-snRNP could be a signal that activates the NLRP3 infl

49 It contains U1 snRNP as well as Mud2p, which resembles human U2AF65.

50 to varying degrees and associated with core U1 snRNP proteins to a lesser extent than the canonical

51 polypeptide complexity of the corresponding U1 snRNP.

52 2 that are predicted to increase or decrease U1 snRNP binding affinity increase or decrease the usage

53 RNA splicing factor implicated in displacing U1 snRNP from the 5' splice site.

54 heir functional antagonism; SF2/ASF enhances U1 snRNP binding at all 5'SSs, the rise in simultaneous

55 they nevertheless contribute to an essential U1 snRNP function.

56 To investigate the function of the essential U1 snRNP protein Prp40p, we performed a synthetic lethal

57 ed a novel allele (snu56-2) of the essential U1 snRNP protein Snu56p that exhibits a sporulation defe

58 ising structural similarity to the essential U1 snRNP protein, Prp39p.

59 king an essential canonical splicing factor (U1 snRNP) to this pathway provides strong new evidence t

60 th SL1 is sequence-specific and critical for U1 snRNP biogenesis, further supporting the direct role

61 a critical splicing-independent function for U1 snRNP in protecting the transcriptome, which we propo

62 Furthermore, Prp42p is required for U1 snRNP biogenesis, because yeast strains depleted of P

63 Our findings underscore a wider role for U1 snRNP in splicing regulation and reveal a novel appro

64 wever, our data also suggest that a site for U1 snRNP binding (e.g., a 5' splice site) within the las

65 wer or increase the affinity of the 5'ss for U1 snRNP result in reduced or increased Vif expression,

66 n activate IPA, indicating a larger role for U1-snRNP in RNA surveillance.

67 nucleotide to U1 snRNA to achieve functional U1 snRNP knockdown in HeLa cells, and identified accumul

68 s is dependent on the presence of functional U1 snRNP.

69 oint mutation region may convert the hnRNP H-U1 snRNP complex into a splicing enhancer.

70 s experiment with U1C isolated from the HeLa U1 snRNP showing that the recombinant U1C is functionall

71 us essential subunits of the yeast and human U1 snRNP, respectively, that are implicated in the estab

72 nd low-resolution crystal structure of human U1 snRNP.

73 associated auxiliary proteins recruit human U1 snRNP in alternative splicing.

74 the crystal structure of a 10-subunit human U1 snRNP.

75 to induce high-level expression of the human U1 snRNP-associated A protein in murine cells.

76 The human U1 snRNP-specific U1A protein autoregulates its own prod

77 region architecturally similar to the human U1 snRNP.

78 ese factors transiently associate with human U1 snRNP and are not amenable for structural studies, wh

79 corresponding U1 snRNA (U1A3) is impaired in U1 snRNP biogenesis.

80 10 in tau pre-mRNA, leading to increases in U1 snRNP binding and in splicing between exon 10 and exo

81 strains depleted of Prp42p formed incomplete U1 snRNPs that failed to produce stable complexes with p

82 (intron-proximal) site, and yet it increases U1 snRNP binding at upstream and downstream sites simult

83 We further demonstrate that RBFOX2 increases U1 snRNP recruitment to the weak 5' splice site through

84 at SEX-LETHAL associates with other integral U1 snRNP components, and we provide genetic evidence to

85 e dose of genes encoding either the integral U1 snRNP protein U1-70k, or the integral U2 snRNP protei

86 well as the potential need for more integral U1-snRNP proteins in governing the fungal 5' splice site

87 structure of U1 snRNP provides insights into U1 snRNP assembly and suggests a possible mechanism of 5

88 operon, and that ribonucleoprotein RNP-2 is U1 snRNP-associated (U1A) whereas RNP-3 is U2 snRNP-asso

89 Our data suggest that this factor is U1 snRNP and that a U1 binding site that overlaps the U1

90 Conversely, import of labeled U1 snRNPs was SMN complex dependent.

91 Our observations linking U1 snRNP to ALS patient cells with FUS mutations, SMN-co

92 gest that a U1-PAS axis characterized by low U1 snRNP recognition and a high density of PASs in the u

93 m proteins and U1 snRNA), but not the mature U1 snRNP-specific proteins (U1-70K, U1A and U1C), co-mis

94 Here we report that expression of modified U1 snRNPs with increased affinity to HIV-1 downstream 5'

95 Through the AB motif, PSI modulates U1 snRNP binding on the P-element third intron (IVS3) 5'

96 They contain pre-mRNA, U1 snRNP, and the splicing factor Mud2p and probably cor

97 mmalian E complexes, which contain pre-mRNA, U1 snRNP, and the splicing factor U2AF.

98 c splicing enhancers stabilizes the pre-mRNA-U1 snRNP complex through interactions with U1C.

99 ic element CGGGCA may stabilize the pre-mRNA-U1 snRNP through interactions with hLuc7A.

100 Multiple U1 snRNP subunits form cytoplasmic tangle-like structure

101 is study, autoantibody recognition of native U1 snRNPs was investigated by dissociating the particle

102 SPN targets to Cajal bodies when U2 but not U1 snRNPs are imported as cargo.

103 per, we report the identification of a novel U1 snRNP protein, Prp42p, with unexpected properties.

104 suggests that a sizable fraction of nuclear U1 snRNP is associated with Gro.

105 inct differences, however, in the ability of U1 snRNP to promote U2 addition, dependent upon its posi

106 'SS occupancy is lower and the affinities of U1 snRNP for the individual sites determine the site of

107 rget TIA-1 and thus increase the affinity of U1 snRNP binding to the intervening donor site, signific

108 We propose that the exclusive association of U1 snRNP/SR proteins with RNAP II positions these splici

109 This abrogates binding of U1 snRNP to the genuine 5' splice site, thereby preventi

110 re subsequently spliced, requires binding of U1 snRNP to the upstream donor.

111 nd the ability of DISE to promote binding of U1 snRNP, suggested that IAS1 and DISE belong to the sam

112 ion of splicing proteins, and in the case of U1 snRNP we saw reciprocal changes in the levels of U1 s

113 monstrated that U1-70K is a key component of U1 snRNP that mediates inhibition of polyadenylation at

114 ockdown of Gro or snRNP-U1-C (a component of U1 snRNP) showed a significant overlap between genes reg

115 ng protein), hLucA (a potential component of U1 snRNP), and pinin (also called DRS and MemA; a protei

116 plicing factors and all of the components of U1 snRNP, but no other snRNPs or splicing factors.

117 ae (yeast) homologs are stable components of U1 snRNP.

118 ectron density map of the functional core of U1 snRNP at 5.5 A resolution has enabled us to build the

119 Nuclear extracts were depleted of U1 snRNP with a concomitant loss of splicing activity.

120 titution of splicing in extracts depleted of U1 snRNP.

121 Functional disruption of U1 snRNP activity results in a dramatic increase in prom

122 ntext, splicing factors acting downstream of U1 snRNP addition bind to a reduced number of ICGs.

123 Possible splicing-independent functions of U1 snRNP-5' splice site interactions during virus replic

124 chemical analyses indicate the importance of U1 snRNP and, to a lesser extent, U6 snRNP in differenti

125 Nonetheless, the importance of U1 snRNP binding is shown by proportionality between the

126 n or antisense oligonucleotide inhibition of U1 snRNP increases the protein level of amyloid precurso

127 We assayed the interaction of U1 snRNP as well as the positive effect of a downstream

128 obtained when we examined the interaction of U1 snRNP as well as the requirement for SR proteins in c

129 hnRNP H is required for interaction of U1 snRNP with the enhancer, independent of the point mut

130 Significantly, knockdown of U1 snRNP in zebrafish results in motor axon truncations,

131 hown by proportionality between the level of U1 snRNP binding to the downstream site and its use in s

132 U1C depletion gives rise to normal levels of U1 snRNP and does not have any detectable effect on U1 s

133 However, the relative levels of U1 snRNP binding to alternative 5'SSs do not necessarily

134 The reduced levels of U1 snRNP in the alpha2 complex suggests that the handoff

135 NA-RNA interaction compared to the number of U1 snRNP proteins needed by metazoans.

136 the HMT1 gene deregulates the recruitment of U1 snRNP and its associated components to intron-contain

137 The structure of U1 snRNP provides insights into U1 snRNP assembly and su

138 ire linear sequence of the 70-kDa subunit of U1 snRNP (U1-70kDa) small nuclear ribonucleoprotein.

139 Tethering of U1 snRNP to the target pre-mRNA inhibits poly(A)-tail ad

140 ich ultimately influences the utilization of U1 snRNP in splicing.

141 ursor RNA, and stimulated the association of U1 snRNPs but not ASF/SF2 with substrate RNA.

142 E, which is characterized by the presence of U1 snRNPs base-paired to the 5' splice site, components

143 Stabilization of U1 snRNPs by autoantibodies could influence Ag processin

144 le methods to determine the stoichiometry of U1 snRNPs bound to pre-mRNA with one or two strong 5' sp

145 rythematosus, suggesting a potential role of U1-snRNP in autoimmunity.

146 00 to pre-mRNA is normally also dependent on U1 snRNP and is stabilized by U2 snRNP.

147 P and does not have any detectable effect on U1 snRNP assembly.

148 choice are correlated with their effects on U1 snRNP binding.

149 This process leaves only one U1 snRNP per complex A, regardless of the number of pote

150 U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle (U1 snRNP) 70K (U1-70K) gene, a U1 snRNP-specific protein

151 U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle (U1 snRNP) 70K protein (U1-70K), one of the three U1 snRN

152 ion did not function indirectly by promoting U1 snRNP binding to an overlapping site.

153 ement mRNA, is regulated by a functional PSI-U1 snRNP interaction in Drosophila.

154 rd of these transcripts, suggesting that PSI-U1 snRNP interactions coordinate the behavioral network

155 A mutant transgene that lacks the PSI-U1 snRNP-interaction domain restores viability but shows

156 d splicing repression in vitro, and purified U1 snRNP did so partially.

157 Gel mobility shift assays with purified U1 snRNP and oligonucleotide-directed RNase H cleavage e

158 in a recent biochemical analysis of purified U1 snRNPs from S. cerevisiae (28).

159 ing towards an upstream 5'SS, causes reduced U1 snRNP binding at both sites.

160 With purified components, hnRNP A1 reduces U1 snRNP binding to 5'SSs by binding cooperatively and i

161 gly, Amin complex formation does not require U1 snRNP or ATP, suggesting that these factors are not n

162 ins with U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (U1 snRNP) binding to the 5' splice site (5'SS), which is

163 nd other U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (U1 snRNP) spliceosome components.

164 t of the U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (U1 snRNP) splicing factor.

165 bcomplex U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (U1 snRNP).

166 with the U1-small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (U1-snRNP) and U3-small nucleolar RNP (snoRNP) in apoptot

167 The U1-small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (U1-snRNP) that includes U1-small nuclear RNA is a highly

168 RNA reduction is the result of sequestration U1 snRNP at levels sufficient to affect splicing and pro

169 between the PSI protein and the spliceosomal U1 snRNP particle is required for normal Drosophila deve

170 oting productive docking of the spliceosomal U1 snRNP to a suboptimal 5' splice site.

171 In addition to inhibiting splicing, U1 snRNP knockdown caused premature cleavage and polyade

172 st that interaction with the CBC strengthens U1 snRNP binding to the downstream intron donor in a man

173 However, the surplus U1 snRNPs were displaced during complex A formation in a

174 ites being mediated by U6 snRNP, rather than U1 snRNP.

175 y complex is a functional E complex and that U1 snRNP is required to assemble galectin-3 onto an acti

176 We have determined that U1 snRNP interacts with the 5' splice site in the downst

177 In addition, we determined that U1 snRNP-directed loading of U2 snRNP onto the branch si

178 Conversely, we found that U1 snRNP does not interact with RNAP II in FUS knockdown

179 We previously found that U1 snRNP is the most abundant FUS interactor.

180 aining Gems, and motor neurons indicate that U1 snRNP is a component of a molecular pathway associate

181 The data indicate that U1 snRNP recruitment is independent of exon length.

182 Here we show that U1 snRNP lacking the 5' end of its snRNA retains 5'-spli

183 We further show evidence suggesting that U1 snRNP binds the 5' splice site despite an almost comp

184 In this study, we show that U1-snRNP activates the NLRP3 inflammasome in CD14(+) hum

185 The U1 snRNP functions to nucleate spliceosome assembly on n

186 he silencing motifs function by altering the U1 snRNP/5' splice site complex in a manner that impairs

187 Moreover, because U2AF and the U1 snRNP are only associated transiently with the pre-mR

188 Mud2-Msl5 complex at the branchpoint and the U1 snRNP at the 5' splice site.

189 raction between Msl5p and both Mud2p and the U1 snRNP protein Prp40p.

190 ive interaction between the pre-mRNA and the U1 snRNP, in which a short RNA duplex is established bet

191 s within the PSI C-terminal AB motif and the U1 snRNP-specific 70K protein.

192 ation by (1) disrupting contacts between the U1 snRNP and the U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP and (2) orchestratin

193 feres with 5'-splice-site recognition by the U1 snRNP.

194 assembly assays, however, fail to detect the U1 snRNP.

195 ain and a U1 recruitment domain, directs the U1 snRNP complex to the terminal exon of a targeted gene

196 s that prevent dissociation of U1-C from the U1 snRNP.

197 Prior studies have implicated the U1 snRNP and recognition of the 5' splice site as key el

198 p links pre-mRNA-bound Mer1p to Nam8p in the U1 snRNP.

199 that interferes with both assembly into the U1 snRNP and complex formation with SEX-LETHAL.

200 idue construct, can be incorporated into the U1 snRNP core domain in the presence of U1 70k.

201 l 5' splice sites (5'SSs) in pre-mRNA is the U1 snRNP.

202 PSI mutants lacking the U1 snRNP-interacting domain (PSIDeltaAB mutant) exhibit

203 ay a key role in RNA splicing by linking the U1 snRNP particle to regulatory RNA-binding proteins.

204 the polyadenylation site, independent of the U1 snRNP (U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein).

205 rotein association between components of the U1 snRNP and proteins of the polyadenylation complex.

206 Here, we report that components of the U1 snRNP core particle (Sm proteins and U1 snRNA), but n

207 ESE is necessary for the recruitment of the U1 snRNP to the 5' splice site no. 4, even when the 5' s

208 helicase does not affect the loading of the U1 snRNP to the 5'ss during early stage of splicing.

209 ient 3' splice site usage and binding of the U1 snRNP to the downstream 5' splice site no. 4.

210 Pretreatment of the U1 snRNP with micrococcal nuclease abolished the assembl

211 rt new synthetic genetic interactions of the U1 snRNP with Msl5 and Mud2 and with the nuclear cap-bin

212 interaction prevents further assembly of the U1 snRNP with spliceosomal components downstream.

213 tivity is mediated by the interaction of the U1 snRNP with the major splice donor site (MSD).

214 ng cross-intron-bridging interactions of the U1 snRNP*5'SS complex with the Mud2*Msl5*BP complex.

215 U1A, a component of the U1 snRNP, is known to inhibit polyadenylation upon direc

216 eracts with SANS-FILLE in the context of the U1 snRNP, through the characterization of a point mutati

217 ntributions to formation or stability of the U1 snRNP-pre-mRNA complex.

218 s observed with FUS, knockdown of any of the U1 snRNP-specific proteins results in a dramatic loss of

219 nessential splicing factors tested, only the U1 snRNP protein Nam8p is indispensable for Mer1 p-activ

220 te splice site recognition by recruiting the U1 snRNP.

221 The Mer1 protein recruits the U1 snRNP to specific pre-mRNAs, permitting spliceosomal

222 During exon repression, the U1 snRNP binds properly to the N1 exon 5' splice site bu

223 rt with U1C and Cbp80p to help stabilize the U1 snRNP-5' splice site interaction.

224 y function at least in part to stabilize the U1 snRNP-pre-mRNA interaction.

225 x splicing factor required for switching the U1 snRNP with the U6 snRNP at the precursor mRNA (pre-mR

226 We have previously shown that the U1 snRNP-A protein (U1A) interacts with elements in SV40

227 rotein protein interactions analogous to the U1 snRNP SF1/BBP U2AF complex that comprises the cross-i

228 sary, but not sufficient, for binding to the U1 snRNP-specific 70-kD protein (70K) in vitro.

229 gions in direct and indirect contacts to the U1 snRNP.

230 the concave surface of tri-snRNP, where the U1 snRNP may reside before its release from the pre-mRNA

231 A comparison of this structure with the U1 snRNP at 5.5 A resolution reveals snRNA-dependent str

232 We show that Mer1p associates with the U1 snRNP even in the absence of Nam8p or pre-mRNA.

233 Moreover, FBP21 interacts directly with the U1 snRNP protein U1C, the core snRNP proteins SmB and Sm

234 in ASF/SF2 enhances its interaction with the U1 snRNP-specific 70K protein and is required for the pr

235 the Msl5-Mud2 complex is associated with the U1 snRNP.

236 The U1-snRNP-associated phosphoprotein complex is immunoprec

237 and/or recruitment of these proteins to the U1-snRNP complex is induced by multiple apoptotic stimul

238 e known SRPKs, SRPK1, is associated with the U1-snRNP autoantigen complex in healthy and apoptotic ce

239 ation of phosphorylated SR proteins with the U1-snRNP complex in cells undergoing apoptosis suggests

240 These U1 snRNP sites and PAS sites are progressively gained an

241 We tested the ability of this U1 snRNP to recognize an exogenous pre-mRNA substrate.

242 nRNP) 70K protein (U1-70K), one of the three U1 snRNP-specific proteins, is implicated in basic and a

243 licing suggested that factors in addition to U1 snRNP were important for early 5' splice site recogni

244 U1-like variants to form snRNPs and bind to U1 snRNP proteins.

245 U1 snRNP proteins also contribute to U1 snRNP activity.

246 to splicing, ASF/SF2 can bind selectively to U1 snRNP in an RS domain-dependent, phosphorylation-enha

247 ffects on the development of autoimmunity to U1 snRNPs.

248 However, although the autoimmune response to U1 snRNPs involves all components of the particle, not a

249 ate that Snu56p interacts with the other two U1 snRNP factors (Mer1p and Nam8p) required for this pro

250 lternative 5' splice sites were bound by two U1 snRNPs.

251 Thus, our results demonstrate unique U1 snRNP pathology and implicate abnormal RNA splicing i

252 e (herein called a U1 binding site) that via U1 snRNP binding leads to inhibition of the late poly(A)

253 The delta complex is formed when U1 snRNP binds to pre-mRNA in the absence of ATP.

254 anti-nRNP sera immunoprecipitated U1-C when U1 snRNPs were dissociated before Ab binding, they unexp

255 10S showed an association of galectin-3 with U1 snRNP that was sensitive to treatment with ribonuclea

256 l, and its product, YU1C, is associated with U1 snRNP.

257 e galectin-3 molecules not in a complex with U1 snRNP (fraction 1 of the same gradient), failed to re

258 The MSD must interact efficiently with U1 snRNP to completely inhibit the 5' LTR poly(A) site,

259 e early splicing factor Mud2p functions with U1 snRNP to form a cross-intron bridging complex on nasc

260 ovel SR protein (SR45), which interacts with U1 snRNP 70K protein, a key protein involved in 5' splic

261 PTB does not interfere with U1 snRNP binding to the N1 5' splice site.

262 tream site, whereas hnRNP A1 interferes with U1 snRNP binding such that 5'SS occupancy is lower and t

263 ion by the NRS correlates most strongly with U1 snRNP.

264 to process histone RNA and also occurs with U1 snRNPs; therefore, association of SPH1 cannot be cons

265 Monoclonal antibodies reactive with U1-snRNP proteins precipitated the same phosphoprotein c

266 1beta production from monocytes treated with U1-snRNP in the presence of anti-U1-snRNP Abs.

267 -protein and RNA-protein interactions within U1 snRNP, and show how the 5' splice site of pre-mRNA is

268 erminus of PSI bind to U1-70k protein within U1 snRNP.

269 oth required to configure the atypical yeast U1 snRNP into a structure compatible with its evolutiona

270 ere, we report the cryoEM structure of yeast U1 snRNP at 3.6 A resolution with atomic models for ten

271 Nam8, a component of yeast U1 snRNP, is optional for mitotic growth but required du

272 selectively with the human homolog of yeast U1 snRNP-associated factor hLuc7A.

273 The foot-shaped yeast U1 snRNP contains a core in the "ball-and-toes" region a

274 mirroring yeast Prp42/Prp39, supports yeast U1 snRNP as a model for understanding how transiently as

275 gel electrophoretic assay to find the yeast U1 snRNP in three pre-splicing complexes (delta, beta1,