ライフサイエンスコーパス: VGLUT2

1 rgic, VGAT(+)) or excitatory (glutamatergic, VGLUT2(+)).

2 o expressing nitric oxide synthase (SuM(Nos1/Vglut2)).

3 ents, and vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGluT2).

4 ssing the vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGluT2).

5 ned using vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2).

6 s, or the vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (vGluT2).

7 y identified as glutamatergic type 2 fibers (vglut2).

8 nst the type 2 vesicular glutamate antibody (vGLUT2).

9 ain vesicular glutamate transporters type 2 (VGluT2).

10 t express vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VgluT2).

11 cells projecting to several areas expressed VGluT2.

12 edial region, in zones that stain darkly for VGLUT2.

13 form of the vesicular glutamate transporter, VGluT2.

14 erns of the vesicular glutamate transporter, VGLUT2.

15 me location in V2) and positive staining for Vglut2.

16 vesicular glutamate transporters VGLUT1 and VGLUT2.

17 ssion of the vesicular glutamate transporter VGLUT2.

18 vesicular glutamate transporters, VGLUT1 and VGLUT2.

19 munolabeled to reveal the EGFP and VGluT1 or VGluT2.

20 ents were more likely to contain VGluT1 than VGluT2.

21 press the vesicular glutamate transporter 2, VGluT2.

22 evels of the glutamate vesicular transporter vGlut2.

23 sicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGluT1), or VGluT2.

24 nts were equally likely to contain VGluT1 or VGluT2.

25 g calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and vGluT2.

26 vglut2.1 is widely expressed in many nuclei from the olf

27 the most widespread expression observed for vglut2.1, and more restricted expression of vglut1 and v

28 el vesicular glutamate transporters (vglut1, vglut2.1, vglut3), glutamate decarboxylases (gad1, gad2)

29 ls of vesicular transporters, VGLUT1 (5%) or VGLUT2 (21%).

30 CTb-labeled afferents contained primarily VGLUT2 (83%), whereas IB4-labeled afferents had low leve

31 e DCN were colabeled with antibodies against VGluT2, a glutamate transporter.

32 ei by using in situ hybridization assays for VGluT2 along with three cholinergic markers: the vesicul

33 imately 58% of POMC neurons were labeled for VGLUT2 and 37% for GAD67 mRNA.

34 of transcripts for the glutamatergic marker Vglut2 and for the H1 histamine receptor in neurons exci

35 ent in situ hybridization was used to detect vGlut2 and Gad mRNA in POMC neurons during early postnat

36 Activity-dependent induction of VGLUT2 and Narp exhibits a similar intermediate-early ge

37 We propose that VGLUT2 and Narp induction by excitation-transcription co

38 The co-induction of VGLUT2 and Narp triggered by prolonged gamma-aminobutyri

39 urons within this structure that coexpresses Vglut2 and Pitx2, and by conditional targeting of this s

40 ies virus revealed connectivity between MnPO VGlut2 and PTH2R neurons and BAT.

41 the vesicular glutamate receptor transporter vGluT2 and receive inhibitory synapses from striatal neu

42 (2) a smaller subpopulation that coexpresses VGluT2 and TH (VGluT2-TH neurons).

43 albumin, the vesicular glutamate transporter VGluT2 and the glycine transporter GlyT2.

44 Approximately 7% of POMC neurons expressed vGlut2 and the highest percentage of vGlut2-positive POM

45 ChR2-positive RVLM-CA neurons expressed VGLUT2 and their projections were mapped.

46 vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUT1 and VGLUT2) and contacts formed by VGLUT1 terminals which in

47 essed for vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2) and examined for AAS-induced changes in the numb

48 ignaling (vesicular glutamate transporter 2; VGluT2) and GABA signaling (glutamic acid decarboxylase;

49 y for the vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGluT2) and performed unbiased disector counts from elec

50 RNA for the vesicular glutamate transporter (vGlut2) and the GABA synthetic enzyme Gad67.

51 containing both glutamate and GABA (SuM(vgat/vglut2)) and another also expressing nitric oxide syntha

52 press the vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2), and form asymmetrical synapses on their dendrit

53 ker, type 2 vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT2), and the GABA synthetic enzyme, glutamic acid de

54 NeuN, and vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGlut2)], and cultures exhibited increased action potent

55 Noticeably, the VGluT2+ and VIAAT+ varicosity density in Mo7 is 5-fold h

56 ities immunopositive for glutamate (VGluT1+, VGluT2+) and GABA/glycine (known as VIAAT+ or VGAT+) ves

57 VGluT1+, VGluT2+, and VIAAT+ varicosities respectively represent:

58 approximately 43% of POMC neurons contained VGLUT2, and 54% contained GAD67 mRNA.

59 in second-order neurons as well as increased VGlut2- and PSD95-positive puncta, indicative of increas

60 cle hyperacidification and its dependence on VGLUT2 are seen in ventral midbrain dopamine neurons in

61 Two isoforms, VGLUT1 and VGLUT2, are found in most glutamatergic projections acro

62 sed in Q140 striata, as was the abundance of VGLUT2(+) axodendritic terminals making synaptic contact

63 ssue, we found that double-labeled PHA-L (+)/VGluT2 (+) axon terminals formed synaptic contacts on de

64 r, the density of paired association between VGLUT2 boutons and PSD-95 was approximately 2-fold highe

65 odynorphin (PPD) was only present in 4-7% of VGLUT2 boutons in laminae I-IV, it was found in 58% of t

66 in laminae I-IV, it was found in 58% of the VGLUT2 boutons that contacted these cells.

67 Densities of VGluT1 and VGluT2 boutons were on average higher in matrix than in

68 VGluT2(+) boutons in M1 were smaller and formed fewer sy

69 on: (1) a major subpopulation that expresses VGluT2 but lacks tyrosine hydroxylase (TH; VGluT2-only n

70 kephalin and vesicular glutamate transporter VGLUT2, but not for GABAergic marker vGAT.Nerve ligation

71 GluT2-immunoreactive boutons; 2) a subset of vGluT2-, but not vGluT1-immunoreactive, terminals displa

72 and vesicular glutamate transporter type 2 (VGluT2) by thalamostriatal afferents.

73 few corneal afferents contain both CGRP and VGluT2, caudally (1%) and rostrally (2%).

74 ICSS in VgluT2-cre control mice, but not in VgluT2-CB1 (-/-) mice.

75 in VgluT2-expressing glutamatergic neurons (VgluT2-CB1 (-/-)) and Cre-dependent viral vector to expr

76 amined for AAS-induced changes in the number VGLUT2 cells containing retrograde tracer (VGLUT2/tracer

77 hanges in latero-anterior hypothalamus (LAH)-VGLUT2 closely paralleled increases in aggression.

78 teral deafness leads to increased numbers of VGLUT2-colabeled Sp5 and Cu projections to the ventral a

79 Our findings using a VGLUT2 conditional-null mouse model indicate that glutam

80 VGLUT1 contacts was relatively high although VGLUT2 contacts likewise dominated, while the proportion

81 LUT1 contacts and remarkably high numbers of VGLUT2 contacts.

82 ) cortex, but does not support expression in VGLUT2-containing glutamatergic neurons in the ventral m

83 thalamus (VMH), which contains predominantly VGLUT2-containing glutamatergic neurons.

84 and a reduction in the above optical ICSS in VgluT2-cre control mice, but not in VgluT2-CB1 (-/-) mic

85 In contrast, Vglut2-Cre;Lepr(lox/lox) females exhibited reproductive

86 Female Vgat-Cre;Lepr(lox/lox) but not Vglut2-Cre;Lepr(lox/lox) mice were obese.

87 ronal population: Vgat-Cre;Lepr(lox/lox) and Vglut2-Cre;Lepr(lox/lox) mice, respectively.

88 as expressed in VTA glutamatergic neurons of VGluT2::Cre mice.

89 d channelrhodopsin2 to VTA VGluT2 neurons of VGluT2::Cre mice.

90 We show that VGLUT2 deficiency in corticolimbic circuits results in r

91 r induced vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (Vglut2) deficiency in Trpv1-Cre expressing neurons and i

92 inducing vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2) deficiency in Trpv1-Cre-expressing neurons.

93 nin gene-related peptide (CGRP) signaling in Vglut2-deficient mice, we also evaluated the contributio

94 nin gene-related peptide (CGRP) signaling in Vglut2-deficient mice, we evaluated the contribution of

95 Vglut2 deletions that included the external lateral and

96 duced by peripheral injury rely on distinct (VGLUT2 dependent and VGLUT2 independent, respectively) p

97 hich vesicular glutamate transporter type 2 (VGLUT2)-dependent synaptic glutamate release from mainly

98 In contrast to VGLUT1, the trafficking of VGLUT2 depends almost entirely on the conserved C-termin

99 Bar neurons express a GFP reporter for Vglut2, develop from a Math1/Atoh1 lineage, and exhibit

100 in trafficking signals, wild-type VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 differ in their response to stimulation.

101 Pax6 (CoP); Foxp1 and Six3 (JcP); and Xiro1, VGlut2, Ebf1, and Ebf3 (PcP).

102 UT1-3 knock-out, VGLUT1(Venus) knock-in, and VGLUT2-EGFP transgenic mice.

103 porter 2-enhanced green fluorescent protein [vGluT2-eGFP], glutamic acid decarboxylase [GAD]67-eGFP,

104 leus pars muralis, which contains a class of vGluT2+ excitatory projection neurons involved in vibris

105 dopamine clearance in vivo, suggesting that Vglut2-expressing cells in the STN regulate dopaminergic

106 findings suggest that activation of CB1Rs in VgluT2-expressing glutamate neurons produces aversive ef

107 ic technology to selectively delete CB1Rs in VgluT2-expressing glutamatergic neurons (VgluT2-CB1 (-/-

108 es in release efficiency between VGLUT1- and VGLUT2-expressing neurons are due to VGLUT1's ability to

109 Approximately half of the vGlut2-expressing POMC cells also expressed Gad65.

110 The seed-similar miR-137 regulated VGluT2 expression in mouse neurons.

111 These findings suggest that VGLUT2 expression in nociceptors is essential for normal

112 Our data indicate that VGLUT2 expression is pivotal to the proper development o

113 l targeting of this subpopulation we reduced Vglut2 expression levels in the STN by 40%, leaving Pitx

114 lopment there is a switch from predominantly VGLUT2 expression to high VGLUT1 and low VGLUT2, raising

115 In contrast, VGluT2 expression was restricted to varicosities, some o

116 he PB to permanently and selectively disrupt Vglut2 expression while labeling the affected neurons.

117 d developmental and long-term alterations in VGLUT2 expression within other aggression areas.

118 d the spatio-temporal dynamics of VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 expression.

119 The LM neurons showed strong VGluT2 expression.

120 the site of injection, coexpressed NeuN and VGlut2, extended neurites >5 mm, and formed putative syn

121 Moreover, the use of EYFP(Vglut2) , EYFP(Vgat) , and GFP(Gad67) transgenic mouse l

122 was injected into the RVLM of DbetaH(Cre/0);VGLUT2(flox/flox) mice, into the caudal VLM (A1 noradren

123 knockout (cKO) of the Slc17a6 gene encoding VGLUT2 from the great majority of nociceptors profoundly

124 e for the vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (Vglut2) from neurons in the PB.

125 Here, we analyze vglut2, gad1b and gad2 expression in combination with ty

126 nock-out approach to selectively disrupt the Vglut2 gene in mouse DA neurons, we obtained in vitro an

127 e with lox P sequences flanking exon2 of the Vglut2 gene, in which adeno-associated viral vectors con

128 s, and the two principal isoforms VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 have been suggested to influence the properties o

129 ngs provide further evidence that VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 identify distinct populations of excitatory neuro

130 amic axodendritic terminals, we examined the VGLUT2-immunolabeled thalamic input to striatal choliner

131 Anterograde tract tracing combined with VGluT2 immunolabeling showed that 1) ventromedial nucleu

132 PTH2R and vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGlut2) immunolabeling in animals with retrograde tracer

133 minated, while the proportions of VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 immunoreactive terminals were the reverse on the

134 Overall, 26% +/- 6% of NRG1 synapses are VGLUT2 immunoreactive.

135 rom previous studies and the distribution of VGluT2-immunoreactive (-ir) puncta.

136 These terminals were generally VGLUT2-immunoreactive and formed numerous close appositi

137 tic densities (PSDs) than those contacted by vGluT2-immunoreactive boutons; 2) a subset of vGluT2-, b

138 ound on excitatory and inhibitory cells, but VGLUT2-immunoreactive terminals originating from intrasp

139 that the PVH is preferentially innervated by VGLUT2-immunoreactive terminals/boutons.

140 phenylethanolamine N-methyl transferase and VGLUT2 immunoreactivities were highly colocalized in DMV

141 Immunohistochemistry assays showed VGluT2 immunoreactivity in the TeO codistributing with a

142 VGluT2 immunoreactivity was detected in the vast majorit

143 important changes in the pattern of cortical VGluT2 immunostaining that may be related to evolutionar

144 The VGluT2 immunostaining was significantly reduced and this

145 ined with immunohistochemistry for VGLUT1 or VGLUT2 in medial NTS and evaluated with confocal microsc

146 ization of OPCs with the presynaptic protein VGluT2 in MS lesions implies that this mechanism may pro

147 ectron microscopy determined the presence of VGluT2 in PHA-L- or WGA-positive terminals.

148 ergy balance regulation, genetic deletion of vGlut2 in POMC neurons was accomplished using Cre-lox te

149 Male, but not female, mice lacking vGlut2 in POMC neurons were unable to maintain energy ba

150 To assess a neurodevelopmental role for VGLUT2 in pyramidal neuron maturation, we generated reco

151 nd protein expression patterns of VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), superior

152 th c-Fos analyses, showed that glutamate via VGLUT2 in the Trpv1-Cre population together with substan

153 Elimination of VGLUT2 in these nociceptors creates a mouse model of chr

154 vesicular glutamate transporters (vGLUT1 and vGLUT2) in postmortem human SN in schizophrenia subjects

155 njury rely on distinct (VGLUT2 dependent and VGLUT2 independent, respectively) primary afferent mecha

156 d related thalamic regions, and the enhanced VGluT2 input ventromedially with input from ventral medi

157 gative dopaminergic groups, however, express vglut2 instead and use glutamate as a second transmitter

158 tion were vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2)-ir.

159 a lesser extent, VGLUT(1) ; 2) abundance of VGLUT2-IR fibers innervating colorectum; and 3) a subpop

160 dence between cytochrome oxidase density and VGluT2-ir puncta distribution.

161 First, we investigated the distribution of VGluT2-ir puncta in all layers of macaque monkey primary

162 In many aspects, the distribution of VGluT2-ir puncta in human was qualitatively similar to t

163 r study was to determine the distribution of VGluT2-ir puncta in macaque and human visual cortex.

164 aque: high densities in layer 4C, patches of VGluT2-ir puncta in the supragranular layer (2/3), lower

165 of human, there was a sparse distribution of VGluT2-ir puncta, whereas in macaque, there was a dense

166 Using Vgat- and Vglut2-ires-Cre knock-in mice and ESR1 immunohistochemis

167 isspeptin neurons expressed Cre in Vgat- and Vglut2-ires-Cre lines, approximately 70% of arcuate kiss

168 We crossed Vgat- and Vglut2-ires-Cre mice with an Esr1(lox/lox) line to gener

169 Vglut2-ires-Cre;Esr1(lox/lox) mice were also infertile b

170 arcuate kisspeptin neurons were targeted in Vglut2-ires-Cre;Esr1(lox/lox) mice, possibly contributin

171 In conclusion, VGLUT2 is expressed by RVLM-CA (C1) neurons in rats and

172 As vGluT2 is expressed in the synaptic terminations from do

173 VGLUT2 is predominantly expressed in the granule cell do

174 ificantly decreased in ipsilateral VCN while VGLUT2 is significantly increased in the ipsilateral GCD

175 which the vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2) is ablated selectively from DRG neurons.

176 hown that vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2) is the predominant VGLUT isoform expressed in th

177 neuron maturation, we generated recombinant VGLUT2 knock-out mice and inactivated VGLUT2 throughout

178 Conditional VGLUT2 knock-out mice exhibit increased open-field explo

179 Numerous VGAT and VGLUT2 labeled varicosities were observed apposed to dDp

180 nmedicated schizophrenia subjects had higher vGLUT2 levels than controls (an increase of 28.7%, P=0.0

181 ontrols (an increase of 28.7%, P=0.041), but vGLUT2 levels were similar between medicated schizophren

182 To determine whether the expression of vGlut2 may play a role in energy balance regulation, gen

183 VGLUT2-mCherry colocalization was virtually absent when

184 esence of vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2)-mediated glutamatergic transmission in Trpv1-Cre

185 rovide definitive physiological evidence for VGLUT2-mediated glutamate release by mature dopamine neu

186 n, together with c-Fos analyses, showed that VGLUT2-mediated glutamatergic transmission in Trpv1-Cre

187 modulations, with or without the presence of VGLUT2-mediated glutamatergic transmission in Trpv1-Cre

188 Additionally, SP-, CGRP-, and VGLUT2-mediated transmission together were found to play

189 We further show that itch, regulated by the VGLUT2-mediated transmission via the Trpv1-Cre populatio

190 significantly less time in the chamber where VGluT2 mesohabenular fiber stimulation occurred.

191 ptor antagonists in LHb were unresponsive to VGluT2-mesohabenular fiber stimulation, demonstrating th

192 chamber that was previously associated with VGluT2-mesohabenular fiber stimulation.

193 hat there is a glutamatergic signal from VTA VGluT2-mesohabenular neurons that plays a role in aversi

194 majority of nociceptors profoundly decreased VGLUT2 mRNA and protein in these neurons, and reduced fi

195 Here, we report that a striking induction of VGLUT2 mRNA and synaptic protein is triggered by a prolo

196 ates and humans by simultaneous detection of VGluT2 mRNA and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH; for identifica

197 high level of coexpression between PTH2R and VGlut2 mRNA by cells located in the PVN and nearby brain

198 VGluT2 mRNA colocalization with FG neurons was most abun

199 The percentage of POMC neurons expressing vGlut2 mRNA in POMC neurons progressively decreased from

200 are two subpopulations of neurons expressing VGluT2 mRNA in the A10 region: (1) a major subpopulation

201 ion and from mRNA quantification showed that VGluT2 mRNA is not present in every TH-IR neuron, but re

202 ro-Gold (FG), with in situ hybridization for VGLUT2 mRNA, to map the brainstem and caudal forebrain d

203 Ipc neurons exhibited a strong expression of VGluT2 mRNA.

204 on of the vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGluT2) mRNA in Ipc neurons, have raised doubts about th

205 r Phox2b, vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2) mRNA, and a subset contains preprogalanin mRNA.

206 express the vesicular glutamate transporter (VGluT2) mRNA, indicating a glutamatergic identity.

207 ed with in situ hybridization for VGluT1 and VGluT2 mRNAs to identify forebrain regions that provide

208 and type 2 vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT2) mRNAs, respectively.

209 received input from both VGluT2-positive and VGluT2-negative terminals.

210 we test whether local photoactivation of VTA VGluT2 neurons expressing Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) unde

211 tral linear nuclei have a high prevalence of VGluT2 neurons lacking TH; their paranigral and parabrac

212 eurons, we targeted channelrhodopsin2 to VTA VGluT2 neurons of VGluT2::Cre mice.

213 vast majority of neurons are TH neurons but VGluT2 neurons were detected in the pars lateralis subdi

214 Here, we revealed VGluT2 neurons within the VTA and SNC of nonhuman primat

215 termine the behavioral role of mesohabenular VGluT2 neurons, we targeted channelrhodopsin2 to VTA VGl

216 ns in lamina IIo are exclusively excitatory (vGluT2(+)) neurons.

217 These results identify SuM(vglut2) neurons as a key node of the wake-sleep regulato

218 Inhibition of SuM(vglut2) neurons decreases and fragments wake, also suppr

219 SuM(vglut2) neurons include a subpopulation containing both

220 Activation of SuM(Nos1/Vglut2) neurons potently drives wakefulness, whereas inh

221 Activation of SuM(vgat/vglut2) neurons produces minimal wake and optogenetic st

222 tic disruption of glutamate release from SuM(vglut2) neurons.

223 istribution of antibodies against VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 on SB neurons (which have dominating inhibitory i

224 ion, and immunohistochemistry, we found that VGluT2-only neurons and VGluT2-TH neurons each innervate

225 s VGluT2 but lacks tyrosine hydroxylase (TH; VGluT2-only neurons), present in each nucleus of the A10

226 we determined the mRNA copy numbers encoding VGluT2 or TH in samples of individual microdissected TH

227 ption of the vesicular glutamate transporter VGLUT2 or the obligatory NMDA receptor subunit NR1 promo

228 hort-term depression than neurons expressing VGLUT2 or VGLUT3.

229 esence of vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (Vglut2) or parvalbumin (PV).

230 were innervated exclusively by either giant vGLUT2- or vGLUT1-positive boutons.

231 vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT1 and VGLUT2) participate in this process.

232 l and mid levels of the POMC cell group with VGLUT2-POMC neurons dominating in lateral portions and G

233 solitary tract, or ventrolateral medulla are VGLUT2 positive.

234 vGluT1-positive (i.e., corticostriatal) and vGluT2-positive (i.e., mostly thalamostriatal) axo-spino

235 positive structures received input from both VGluT2-positive and VGluT2-negative terminals.

236 and MPTP-treated monkeys; and 3) VGluT1- and vGluT2-positive axo-spinous synapses undergo ultrastruct

237 pressed vGlut2 and the highest percentage of vGlut2-positive POMC cells were located in the rostral a

238 nuclei) or the presence of both vGLUT1- and vGLUT2-positive terminals, which were significantly smal

239 reticulospinal fibers exhibited excitatory, vGLUT2-positive varicosities, indicating their synaptic

240 minal brainstem nuclei, the effectiveness of vGluT2 preparations in revealing septa in VP likely refl

241 ChE), and vesicular glutamate transporter-2 (VGluT2) preparations, received widespread projections fr

242 g neurons of the supramammillary region (SuM(vglut2)) produce sustained behavioral and EEG arousal wh

243 xpressing vesicular glutamate transporter-2 (VGluT2)--project to limbic and cortical regions, but als

244 where moving into one chamber stimulated VTA VGluT2 projections within the LHb, and exiting the chamb

245 Optical stimulation of VGLUT2(+) projections expressing channelrhodopsin-2 furt

246 pressing Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) under the VGluT2 promoter causes place preference and supports ope

247 lation of myenteric plexus neurons expressed VGLUT2 protein and mRNA, but VGLUT1 mRNA was undetectabl

248 from these mesohabenular neurons coexpresses VGluT2 protein and VGaT protein and, surprisingly, estab

249 VGLUT2 protein induction occurs on a subset of corticall

250 ls of RTN-Phox2b neurons contain galanin and VGLUT2 proteins, to identify the specific projections of

251 coexpress vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2), providing evidence that excitatory projections

252 In addition, VGLUT2-PSD-95 pairs were more commonly found associated

253 tly VGLUT2 expression to high VGLUT1 and low VGLUT2, raising the question of whether the developmenta

254 ithout this motif, a substantial fraction of VGLUT2 redistributes to the plasma membrane and the tran

255 Vesicular glutamate transporter2 (VGLUT2) represented the largest number of anterogradely

256 hed to determine whether the upregulation of VGLUT2 represents increases in the number of somatosenso

257 h vesicular glutamate transporters VGLUT1 or VGLUT2, respectively), we compared sources of excitatory

258 ls in the IC: (1) those with both a PN and a VGLUT2 ring; (2) those with only a PN; (3) those with on

259 those with only a PN; (3) those with only a VGLUT2 ring; and (4) those with neither marker.

260 Functionally, the presence or absence of VGLUT2 rings indicates differences in inputs, whereas th

261 ncluding the vesicular glutamate transporter VGLUT2, several synaptic vesicle marker proteins, glutam

262 In contrast, VGluT2 showed a global increase in density from lateral

263 le-labeling studies combining CTb, CGRP, and VGluT2 showed that very few corneal afferents contain bo

264 ibers expressing channelrhodopsin2 driven by VGluT2 (Slc17a6) or VGaT (Slc32a1) promoters elicits rel

265 corneal afferents contained either VGluT1 or VGluT2, suggesting that some afferents lack a VGluT.

266 n average (1.3 vs 2.1) than those in S1, but VGluT2(+) synapses in M1 were larger than in S1 (median

267 However, scarce VGLUT2 terminals on intermediate zone excitatory premoto

268 wake and optogenetic stimulation of SuM(vgat/vglut2) terminals elicits monosynaptic release of both g

269 rse transcriptase-PCR (n = 40) were Phox2b+, VGlut2+, TH-, and ChAT-, the neurochemical phenotype pre

270 istry, we found that VGluT2-only neurons and VGluT2-TH neurons each innervate both the prefrontal cor

271 ubpopulation that coexpresses VGluT2 and TH (VGluT2-TH neurons).

272 heir parabrachial pigmented nuclei have dual VGluT2-TH neurons.

273 orneal afferents were more likely to contain VGluT2 than VGluT1, whereas rostral corneal afferents we

274 xpressing vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGluT2) that also project to LHb.

275 strated to express the glutamate transporter VGlut2, the projections are presumed to be excitatory.

276 binant VGLUT2 knock-out mice and inactivated VGLUT2 throughout development using Emx1-Cre(+/+) knock-

277 t contribution of glutamate axons expressing VGLUT2 to the excitatory drive of DR neurons.

278 xtent to which the developmental switch from VGLUT2 to VGLUT1 occurs through an increase in VGLUT1 at

279 xpressing vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2)--to subdivide IC GABAergic cells in adult guinea

280 ells) and vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGluT2, to visualize climbing fibers).

281 vesicular glutamate transporters VGluT1 and VGluT2, together with boutons immunoreactive for vesicul

282 owed a significant increase in the number of VGLUT2/tracer cells in the LAH when compared with contro

283 wed a significant reduction in the number of VGLUT2/tracer cells in the LAH, aggressive AAS-treated h

284 r into the LS had a comparable number of LAH-VGLUT2/tracer cells to controls.

285 r VGLUT2 cells containing retrograde tracer (VGLUT2/tracer) within the LAH.

286 VGLUT2 transcripts were found in very small, nonpigmente

287 x genetic targeting of Channelrhodospin 2 in VGluT2 transgenic mice, we examined the effect of glutam

288 riple immunolabeling with antibodies against VGluT2, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and PHA-L.

289 ctron microscopy, we determined that mCherry-VGluT2 varicosities correspond to axon terminals, formin

290 The mesoaccumbens axon terminals containing VGluT2 vesicles make asymmetric synapses, commonly assoc

291 d the distribution of five antigens: VGLUT1, VGLUT2, VGLUT3, the postsynaptic protein PSD-95, and a m

292 A subset of VGLUT2(+) VTA neurons corelease dopamine with glutamate

293 In addition, VGLUT2(+) VTA neurons project to the nucleus accumbens (

294 sic and corticothalamic connections, whereas VGLUT2 was predominantly distributed in subcortical and

295 VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 were coexpressed in the LGN and in the pulvinar c

296 Increases in LAH-VGLUT2 were first detected in animals exposed to AAS for

297 essed the vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2), which is found in highly efficient "driver" pat

298 xpressing vesicular glutamate transporter 2; VGluT2), which play roles in reward and aversion.

299 of VGLUT1-positive terminals also expressed VGLUT2, which decreased at these terminals.

300 ly prominent in brain sections processed for vGluT2, which is expressed in the synaptic terminals of