ライフサイエンスコーパス: VNTR

1 VNTR analysis ofM. aviumsubsp.hominissuisisolates is eas

2 VNTR for strain comparison is easier and faster than PFG

3 VNTR polymorphisms can be used effectively to discrimina

4 VNTR typing identified the major clusters of strains in

5 VNTR was more discriminatory than spoligotyping.

6 VNTRs can contribute to rapid adaptation by localized se

7 Of 13 VNTR types that included >/=4 patients, the majority (61

8 gnificant relationships between the intron 2 VNTR genotypes and subdomains or domains of symptoms on

9 e region (rs25531 and rs25532), the intron 2 VNTR, and 19 additional SNPs.

10 riants at the promoter VNTR and the intron 2 VNTR, as well as the putative functional SNPs, showed et

11 6355, as well as two alleles at the intron 2 VNTR.

12 R, intron 2 variable number tandem repeat [2 VNTR]) were related to behavioral characteristics measur

13 In the Khoisan genome, we identified 2572 VNTRs with pattern sizes ranging from 7 to 105 nt.

14 Here, we measure mutation rates for 28 VNTR loci and investigate the effects of repeat copy num

15 id not affect mutation rate at any of the 28 VNTRs with repeat unit sizes of >5 bp, although a poly(G

16 on of the 9- and 10-repeat alleles of the 3' VNTR, introns 9, 12, and 14 appear to contain enhancer e

17 e trios, we identified between 2660 and 3822 VNTRs per individual and found nearly 100% consistency w

18 teraction with VWF relative to CLEC4M with 7 VNTR (CLEC4M 4%-60% reduction, P < .001; CLEC4M 9%-45% r

19 In the Watson genome, we identified 752 VNTRs with pattern sizes ranging from 7 to 84 nt.

20 tern expected for selection acting at the 7R VNTR itself, rather than at an adjacent site.

21 t the previous GWAS signal was not tagging a VNTR effect, suggesting that the two markers have indepe

22 al relevance of the newly characterized AKT1 VNTR merits investigation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The AKT

23 o: 1.66; confidence interval: 1.16-2.37) and VNTR 10 SLC6A3 (odds ratio: 0.74; confidence interval: 0

24 o: 1.07; confidence interval: 0.84-1.37) and VNTR 7 DRD4 (odds ratio: 0.68; confidence interval: 0.47

25 yzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and VNTR typing.

26 n characteristics, the homology-mediated and VNTR-mediated CNVs contribute the most to the correlatio

27 All of these isolates had identical MIRU and VNTR types.

28 e much more diverse spoligotype patterns and VNTR types than previously thought.

29 nomenon by standard fingerprinting (RFLP and VNTR).

30 rily detected as dCAPS or CAPS (n = 131) and VNTRs (n = 31), in addition to AFLPs (n = 66) and 7 othe

31 functional effect of the DOCK5 deletion and VNTRs.

32 e usual form of the allele is referred to as VNTR(t).) To gain insight into the structure, diversity,

33 ellite sequences, are commonly classified as VNTRs; however, this study is focused on longer coding V

34 upport the difference in association between VNTR lineages that had previously enabled the exclusion

35 CR) showed minimal pattern diversity between VNTR types compared to PFGE.

36 Both VNTR and rep-PCR typing methods differentiate between me

37 and the 3975 bp deletion (P= 0.027) and both VNTRs (P(empirical)= 0.015) was also identified in adipo

38 NTR) and for 6/6 homozygotes of SLC6A3 30 bp VNTR.

39 haplotype, the dopamine receptor DRD4 48 bp VNTR, and the enzyme COMT SNP rs4680.

40 frameshift mutation (C563fsX673) in the CEL VNTR causes CP through proteotoxic gain-of-function acti

41 amily members) were genotyped for the CLEC4M VNTR polymorphism.

42 ever, this study is focused on longer coding VNTR polymorphisms, a small class of copy number variati

43 The speed of the combined VNTR and MIRU typing approach enabled results for some o

44 and characterize the association between DAT-VNTR alleles and behavior in MAL and other breeds.

45 of this study was to assess frequency of DAT-VNTR alleles, and characterize the association between D

46 The single copy allele of DAT-VNTR is associated with owner-reported seizures, loss of

47 base pair variable number tandem repeat (DAT-VNTR); alleles have either one or two copies of the 38-b

48 eds are predominantly homozygous for the DAT-VNTR two-tandem-repeat allele (2/2).

49 Handlers' treatment of MWD varied with DAT-VNTR genotype as did dogs' responses to handlers' behavi

50 and a genetic composite comprising the DAT1 VNTR and functional polymorphisms in catechol-O-methyltr

51 d a variant 9-repeat VNTR allele (designated VNTR(t,t)) in intron 5 are in complete linkage disequili

52 tablished by combining eight newly-developed VNTRs with five published ones.

53 developed PCR systems to amplify 5 different VNTR loci and examined a battery of 12 M. leprae strains

54 ssociation between the presence of different VNTR alleles of GP Ibalpha and the frequency of coronary

55 In order to discover VNTRs and develop methods transferable to clinical sampl

56 Eighteen distinct VNTR types were identified, including two previously uni

57 plains, in part, the ability of the distinct VNTR copy numbers to support differential reporter gene

58 to show significant association of the DOCK5 VNTRs with childhood and adult severe obesity (P(empiric

59 aryotes fingerprinting techniques exploiting VNTR (variable number of tandem repeats) polymorphisms h

60 method is based on GeneScan analysis of five VNTR loci throughout the genome which define a specific

61 Finally, we describe a general model for VNTR mutations that encompasses insertions and deletions

62 n (using flanking variants as surrogates for VNTR subtypes) in the largest case-control study of LADA

63 We found diversity at four VNTR (D = 0.74), but one system (C(16)G(8)) failed to yi

64 since it will influence how the results from VNTR experiments are interpreted.

65 Alleles for the GAA VNTR varied in length from 10 to 16 copies, those for AT

66 ant of the dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) gene (VNTR in exon 3), which has been associated with novelty

67 ccurate identification of the TSER genotype (VNTRs, SNPs, and AI) in clinical protocols where respons

68 for inclusion varied from 5 to 40 bp giving VNTR loci with a range of diversities.

69 main, specifically the highly O-glycosylated VNTR (variable number of tandem repeats) region, plays a

70 ore than 9% of all P. falciparum ORFs harbor VNTRs, much more than has been reported for any other sp

71 tional enrichment analysis of ORFs harboring VNTRs identifies stress and DNA damage responses along w

72 viumsubsp.aviumfromM. aviumsubsp.hominissuis VNTR types were defined using VNTR loci, and subtyping w

73 The segregation of hTERT VNTRs was analysed in families, revealing that all of th

74 have previously demonstrated that the 5-HTT VNTR is a transcriptional regulatory domain, and the all

75 ng protein 1 (YB-1) interacts with the 5-HTT VNTR.

76 -fold higher insulin expression than class I VNTR in thymic epithelial cells.

77 ulldown assay using biotinylated INS-class I VNTR probe were performed to examine the transactivation

78 We generated six class I and two class III VNTR constructs linked to the human insulin basal promot

79 e autoimmune regulator (AIRE), the class III VNTR haplotype is responsible for an average of three-fo

80 In conclusion, differences in VNTR-encoded susceptibility do not explain the differenc

81 aston Discriminatory Index of the individual VNTR loci ranged from 0.516 to 0.934 and the combined di

82 ddition, there were interactions between INS VNTR genotype and early postnatal weight gain in determi

83 The insulin minisatellite (INS VNTR) has been intensively analyzed due to its associati

84 Haplotypes *4, *6 and *8 are the only INS VNTR class III-bearing haplotypes, although differing in

85 resent study the association between the INS VNTR III/III genotype and larger head circumference at b

86 INS-VNTR (insulin-variable number of tandem repeats) and AIR

87 We have studied the relationship between INS-VNTR class (measured by genotyping the nearby -23HphI va

88 been small and the relationship between INS-VNTR variation and parameters of early growth inconsiste

89 in loss of transcriptional activation of INS-VNTR except mutant P252L.

90 f AIRE is critical for the activation of INS-VNTR in human thymic epithelial cells.

91 Polymorphic INS-VNTR plays an important role in regulating insulin trans

92 led to generate convincing evidence that INS-VNTR variation influences early growth.

93 r, the transcriptional activation of the INS-VNTR by AIRE requires the insulin basal promoter.

94 The molecular mechanisms underlying the INS-VNTR haplotype-dependent insulin expression are still un

95 1 diabetes predisposition encoded by the INS-VNTR locus and a critical function played by AIRE, which

96 of WT, mutant, and chimeric AIREs on the INS-VNTR promoter.

97 AIRE heterozygous forms to modulate the INS-VNTR target revealed five mutations (R257X, G228W, C311f

98 ssion in thymic epithelial cells through INS-VNTR and subsequently induce either insulin tolerance or

99 time to be essential for DNA binding to INS-VNTR, whereas the intact PHD1, PHD2, LXXLL-3, and LXXLL-

100 Variation at the insulin gene (INS-)VNTR (variable number of tandem repeats) minisatellite p

101 e identified and characterized an intergenic VNTR polymorphism in S. pyogenes that affects toxin prod

102 Here, we report an intergenic VNTR polymorphism that confers an altered level of toxin

103 The 3'-UTR but not intron8 VNTR genotypes were associated with increased DAT bindin

104 g of the two DAT (SLC6A3) 3'-UTR and intron8 VNTRs used standard protocols.

105 ollection of 167 M. intracellulare isolates, VNTR distinguished M. intracellulare into 42 clonal grou

106 Additionally, MUC1 lacking VNTRs did not increase TRPV5 activity.

107 of the full genome sequence, multiple-locus VNTR analysis for strain typing has been undertaken.

108 our software for discovery of minisatellite VNTRs (pattern size >/= 7 nucleotides) using whole genom

109 e for genome-wide detection of minisatellite VNTRs.

110 MIRU-VNTR performed slightly better than spoligotyping in red

111 MIRU-VNTR typing with cluster investigation was more successf

112 primers were designed to target the 12 MIRU-VNTR loci.

113 Although analysis of 19 MIRU-VNTR loci was needed to achieve maximum discrimination,

114 By 24 MIRU-VNTR typing, persons in clustered groups were 1.96 times

115 gning the number of tandem repeats to a MIRU-VNTR locus.

116 in the study period; 189 (92.6%) had an MIRU-VNTR profile.

117 he typing methods was high for RFLP and MIRU-VNTR (allelic diversity [h] = 0.99) but low for spoligot

118 ng deletion analysis, spoligotyping and MIRU-VNTR analysis.

119 olates were tested by spoligotyping and MIRU-VNTR, the addition of deletion analysis increased the nu

120 ain(R) Genotype MTBC, spoligotyping and MIRU-VNTR.

121 ferently by whole-genome sequencing and MIRU-VNTR.

122 typing methods used at present, such as MIRU-VNTR, and provides insights into the biology of recurren

123 se findings suggest that 24-locus-based MIRU-VNTR typing is a likely suitable alternative to RFLP to

124 related isolates remained clustered by MIRU-VNTR but not by spoligotyping.

125 Cluster analysis by MIRU-VNTR yielded a low clustering rate of 22.3%, with most o

126 concordance was achieved when comparing MIRU-VNTR profiles obtained from agarose gel electrophoresis

127 0) were assessed by DNA fingerprinting (MIRU-VNTR and spoligotyping), with additional interviews for

128 as indicated by genotypic clustering in MIRU-VNTR analysis, the most significant source of recent tra

129 lusters of cases with indistinguishable MIRU-VNTR profiles to identify epidemiological links.

130 ure-confirmed disease, DST, and 24-loci MIRU-VNTR were included in our analysis.

131 ethod for the detection and analysis of MIRU-VNTR amplicons.

132 n-dHPLC further enhances the utility of MIRU-VNTR typing.

133 ive-unit-variable-number tandem-repeat (MIRU-VNTR) analysis.

134 ive-unit-variable-number tandem-repeat (MIRU-VNTR) classification, and that is both rapid and afforda

135 ive unit-variable number tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR) typing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isola

136 unit-variable number of tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR) typing of pairs of isolates taken by sputum sampli

137 ive-unit-variable-number tandem-repeat (MIRU-VNTR) typing on M. tuberculosis culture-positive biopsy

138 ive unit-variable number tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR) typing to assess the diversity and transmission dy

139 ive-unit-variable-number tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR) typing were obtained routinely from the National T

140 units - variable number tandem repeats (MIRU-VNTR), and PyroTyping.

141 e units-variable-number tandem repeats (MIRU-VNTR).

142 were analyzed using different software; MIRU-VNTR plus, SITVITWEB, BioNumerics and multivariable regr

143 microbial analysis system technology to MIRU-VNTR typing.

144 acterial interspersed repetitive units (MIRU-VNTR), and IS6110-based restriction fragment length poly

145 reening for variations in the number of MIRU-VNTRs in mycobacterial DNA.

146 Most VNTR types with multiple patients belonged to the same 3

147 Observed in vitro variability of the Mpn1 VNTR locus prompted further analysis, which showed multi

148 fast, portable method that analyzes multiple VNTR loci, which are areas of the bacterial genome that

149 needed to assess the association of this new VNTR AKT1 variant in schizophrenia and drug-induced psyc

150 Forty-nine VNTR types and eight subtypes ofM. aviumsubsp.hominissui

151 We have developed a novel VNTR association method named VNTRtest, suitable for ass

152 We found that the distribution of VNTR alleles of GP Ibalpha is different among whites and

153 standing of rocA biology and the function of VNTR polymorphisms in S. pyogenes.

154 Moreover, genotyping of VNTR loci in a drug-selected line, progeny of a genetic

155 onsible, at least in part, for modulation of VNTR function as a transcriptional regulatory domain.

156 The pattern of VNTR amplicon sizes and repeat number defined each speci

157 mily members correlated with the presence of VNTR and the highest number of tandem repeats.

158 ch is 350 times slower than that of a set of VNTR repeats with similar diversity observed experimenta

159 variant (a surrogate for the subdivision of VNTR into class I and III alleles) most clearly defined

160 1 VWD demonstrated an excess transmission of VNTR 6 to unaffected individuals (P = .0096) and an asso

161 We demonstrate the valuable utility of VNTR markers in epidemiological investigations of natura

162 typed by both spoligotyping and analysis of VNTRs, 147 were identified as part of a cluster by both

163 uped into 12 clusters defined by analysis of VNTRs, with 2 large clusters consisting of 127 and 13 pa

164 approach for analysis of the contribution of VNTRs to disease susceptibility through association stud

165 ative DNA products confirmed the presence of VNTRs between isolates.

166 Variable number of tandem repeats or VNTRs are polymorphic TR loci in which the number of pat

167 TA(18) locus was more polymorphic than other VNTR, and genotypic variation was more common after long

168 thesis derived from human data that the PER3 VNTR polymorphism modifies the sleep homeostatic respons

169 n a reporter gene assay that the polymorphic VNTR domains differentially respond to exogenous YB-1 an

170 3 40 bp variable tandem repeat polymorphism (VNTR) and for 6/6 homozygotes of SLC6A3 30 bp VNTR.

171 We assessed genotype at the SLC6A3 promoter VNTR polymorphism in 96 healthy European Americans (age

172 bserved several rare alleles at the promoter VNTR (some novel) and population-specific distributions

173 The repeat-number variants at the promoter VNTR and the intron 2 VNTR, as well as the putative func

174 s at the two functional SNPs in the promoter VNTR show restricted distributions and occur primarily o

175 f reference TRs and then identifies putative VNTRs based on a discrepancy between the copy number of

176 les, accounting for the well-known 3' region VNTR polymorphism, we found that having two or more risk

177 sing 4 or 9 copies of the CLEC4M neck region VNTR showed reduced interaction with VWF relative to CLE

178 Five unrelated individuals had a 3-repeat VNTR(t,t) allele.

179 that the 9-repeat VNTR(t,t) and the 3-repeat VNTR(t,t) alleles arose independently.

180 The 2-, 3-, and 6-repeat VNTR alleles were the most common.

181 However, the 9-repeat VNTR(t,t) and 6-repeat VNTR(t) alleles shared the same haplotype, suggesting an

182 >A mutation in exon 3 and a variant 9-repeat VNTR allele (designated VNTR(t,t)) in intron 5 are in co

183 However, the 9-repeat VNTR(t,t) and 6-repeat VNTR(t) alleles shared the same h

184 plotype analysis indicates that the 9-repeat VNTR(t,t) and the 3-repeat VNTR(t,t) alleles arose indep

185 peat variants variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) 4 DRD4 (odds ratio: 1.66; confidence interval: 1.1

186 y mapped to a variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) 5' of the insulin gene (INS).

187 mutations, a variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) allele and a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP),

188 Multilocus variable-number tandem repeat (VNTR) analysis (MLVA) is a fast, portable method that an

189 nit (MIRU-15)-variable-number tandem repeat (VNTR) analysis.

190 the promoter variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) and 2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) immed

191 Variable-number tandem repeat (VNTR) and spoligotyping analyses were used to assess tra

192 ons in the variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) domain of carboxyl ester lipase (CEL) presents an

193 ne contains a variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) domain within intron 2 that is often associated wi

194 Variable-number tandem repeat (VNTR) loci have shown a remarkable ability to discrimina

195 ofiles at two variable-number tandem repeat (VNTR) loci, which can provide discrimination within a PF

196 T1 gene a new variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) marker associated with baseline striatal dopamine

197 AS) explosion Variable Number Tandem Repeat (VNTR) polymorphism exploration has seemingly been left b

198 characterized variant number tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism in AKT1 [major alleles: L- (eight rep

199 of APZ and a variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism in DAT1/SLC6A3 (the gene encoding the

200 linked with a variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism in the first exon of AS3MT that is as

201 using a novel variable-number tandem repeat (VNTR) scheme and an automated repetitive-PCR (rep-PCR) s

202 (>80%) coding variable-number tandem repeat (VNTR) sequence in the MUC1 gene encoding mucin 1.

203 y reporting a variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) within the same PCSK6 locus to be associated with

204 nization of the DRD4 7R 48-bp tandem repeat (VNTR), we proposed that the 7R allele originated as a ra

205 solution over variable number tandem repeat (VNTR)-based clustering, it was insufficient for inferrin

206 ultiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR) analysis (MLVA) and single nucleotide polymorphism

207 of multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR) analysis (MLVA) for molecular subtyping of C. diff

208 ultiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR) analysis (MLVA) has been explored as a tool for st

209 ed multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR) analysis (MLVA) method for the molecular typing of

210 nd multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR) analysis (MLVA) procedures.

211 ultiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR) analysis (MLVA), (iii) clustered regularly intersp

212 potential of variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR) analysis.

213 m based on 21 variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR) loci consisting of 13 previously unreported loci a

214 R-E and ETR-F variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR) loci, and a sample of these strains was deleted fo

215 tive panel of variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR) markers has been developed.

216 mate-specific variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR) polymorphism (4 or 5 repeats 54 nt in length) in t

217 Variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR) polymorphisms are ubiquitous in bacteria.

218 such as SINE/variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR)/Alu (SVA) elements, in trans.

219 AT 3' UTR variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) and COMT Val158Met polymorphisms on brain activati

220 We used variable-number tandem repeats (VNTR) for fingerprinting of respiratory isolates of M. i

221 volving a variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) has been described in the 3' untranslated region o

222 ated as a variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) is located upstream of the human insulin gene and

223 ulin gene variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) minisatellite influences susceptibility to type 1

224 base pair variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) polymorphism located in the 3'-untranslated region

225 d intron8 variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) polymorphisms of the DAT (SLC6A3) gene.

226 es in its variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) region.

227 volving a variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR), were discovered in the putative protein coding re

228 ains several variable-number tandem repeats (VNTR), which have been used effectively in strain typing

229 sessing a variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR).

230 ene (INS) variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR; class I or class III alleles) locus has been assoc

231 is of variable number of tandem DNA repeats (VNTRs).

232 unrecognized variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs) also were detected by this method.

233 Variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs) constitute a relatively under-examined class of g

234 s due to variable numbers of tandem repeats (VNTRs) in the macroglycopeptide region of this molecule.

235 nstrate that variable-number tandem repeats (VNTRs) in the Y. pestis genome can link human case isola

236 Variable-number tandem repeats (VNTRs) may evolve so rapidly that multiple profiles emer

237 acterized by variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs) that bind the lectin galectin-3; galectin-3 siRNA

238 blocks of variable number of tandem repeats (VNTRs)--two in intron 2 and two in intron 6.

239 f variation: variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs).

240 d to contain variable-number tandem repeats (VNTRs).

241 (2R) and triple (3R) number tandem repeats (VNTRs).

242 be variable (variable-number tandem repeats [VNTRs]) in a set of 91 isolates.

243 red the same spoligotype pattern or the same VNTR pattern, or both.

244 PFGE revealed most isolates with the same VNTR type to be clonal or exhibit similar grouping of ba

245 Seven VNTR loci separated 417 isolates into 49 types.

246 Seven VNTR loci were identified from the C. difficile 630 geno

247 S1) sequencing and characterized using seven VNTR primers.

248 h a shared spoligotype and 17% with a shared VNTR pattern were geographically linked within Harare, b

249 ement named after its main components, SINE, VNTR and Alu.

250 ciated with an antisense insertion of a SINE-VNTR-Alu (SVA)-type retrotransposon within an intron of

251 t-variable number of tandem repeat-Alu (SINE-VNTR-Alu), subfamily-E retrotransposon (SVA-E) inserted

252 on to retrotransposed RNAs [L1, Alu and SINE-VNTR-Alu (SVA)], L1-RNPs are enriched with cellular mRNA

253 luding Long-Terminal-Repeats (LTRs) and SINE-VNTR-Alus (SVAs), that significantly affect gene express

254 tly active in the human genome, such as SINE-VNTR-Alu (SVA) and long interspersed nuclear element 1 (

255 youngest active human retrotransposon, SINE-VNTR-Alu (SVA).

256 izes and repeat number defined each specific VNTR type.

257 e.g. alpha satellite DNA, and locus specific VNTR arrays.

258 nditions, variants of the 5-HTTLPR and STin2 VNTR polymorphisms of SERT have been shown to confer a h

259 n, and two polymorphisms (5-HTTLPR and STin2 VNTR) of the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTT), we find

260 The 5-HTTLPR and the STin2 VNTR, but not the rs25531, polymorphisms of SERT are ass

261 The results support VNTR data in describing distinct populations of highly s

262 This review will argue that VNTR investigations still hold substantial potential for

263 carried out in vivo and in vitro showed that VNTR profiles were sufficiently stable such that recover

264 The VNTR genotype predicts promoter activity in luciferase a

265 The VNTR sequence loses its activation activity when linked

266 The more common alleles at the VNTR polymorphisms show wide geographic distributions, w

267 tructs expressing CEL with 14 repeats in the VNTR (CEL14R) or C563fsX673 CEL (CEL maturity onset diab

268 tes of youth with a deletion mutation in the VNTR (MODY)).

269 ats (MUC1/2TR) or two isoforms that lack the VNTR region (MUC1/Z and MUC1/Y) showed that the highest

270 nism of regulation of YB-1 activation of the VNTR by CTCF.

271 The distributions of the VNTR copy numbers, the allelic diversity, and the low pr

272 The phenotypic effect of the VNTR polymorphism was nearly the same as that of inactiv

273 ith YB-1, interferes with the ability of the VNTR to support YB-1-directed reporter gene expression.

274 homozygous for 2R, 4R, or 7R variants of the VNTR, a method developed to directly estimate haplotype

275 e structure, diversity, and evolution of the VNTR, we analyzed individuals from seven different popul

276 ct, whereas removal of the CT hexamer or the VNTR domain can result in a 75% decrease in activity.

277 l changes in loci were noted; otherwise, the VNTR profiles were stable during the course of the outbr

278 association, raised the possibility that the VNTR association might result from linkage disequilibriu

279 This suggests that the VNTR profile of a strain of M. tuberculosis will be indi

280 xogenous YB-1 and that YB-1 will bind to the VNTR in vitro in a sequence-specific manner.

281 vities differentially through binding to the VNTR region.

282 nt, -23HphI and +1140A/C, in addition to the VNTR.

283 Alleles of interest at the VNTRs occurred on specific haplotype backgrounds.

284 ctors responsible for the regulation of this VNTR.

285 iment, AIRE protein is capable of binding to VNTR class I and III probes.

286 wild-type (WT) mice, whereas the response to VNTR glycopeptides is equally strong in the two strains.

287 The response to VNTR peptides is weaker in MUC1-transgenic mice (MUC1-Tg

288 In addition to VNTRs, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and alleli

289 Specific alleles at two VNTR loci, (GGT)5 and 21-3, were highly associated with

290 Forty-two VNTR types were identified among 84 genotypes.

291 The region includes two VNTRs of complex sequence composition which flank a comm

292 ting the low-expressing allele of the MAOA u-VNTR (MAOA-L) in adversely prejudicing information proce

293 ified, including two previously unidentified VNTR types.

294 The USH1C VNTR region is highly conserved among primates, but not

295 Using VNTR results from a well-defined and characterized set o

296 ated cells were assessed for chimerism using VNTR probes.

297 sp.hominissuis VNTR types were defined using VNTR loci, and subtyping was performed using 3'hsp65and

298 apse isolates from 31 treated patients using VNTR combined with 16S multiplex PCR unambiguously and r

299 ters (SERT: 5HTTLPR plus rs25531; DAT1 3'UTR VNTR).

300 Because expression of MUC1 with VNTR on tumors was previously associated with chemotacti