ライフサイエンスコーパス: VZ

1 VZ+434 administration resulted in a significant increase

2 VZ+434 administration resulted in significant activation

3 VZ+434 protected against mechanical allodynia 8 weeks af

4 nger protein activator of endogenous VEGF-A (VZ+434) in an experimental model of diabetes, and to cha

5 t neurogenesis almost all mitotically active VZ cells and a substantial percentage of VZ cells overal

6 VZ cells, and nearly all mitotically active VZ cells during neurogenesis, both have radial glial mor

7 idogenesis per se has little effect on acute VZ cell proliferation.

8 om committed progenitors within the adjacent VZ in close proximity to this nucleus.

9 was compared with that of both normal adult VZ (ventricular zone) and E/nestin:GFP (green fluorescen

10 differences in BrdU-labeling along the adult VZ (males>females) result from a more rapid loss of cell

11 Virtually all VZ cells in pMN express the transcription factor Olig2.

12 orsal root ganglia (DRG) of control rats and VZ+434-treated and untreated streptozotocin (STZ)-induce

13 e that Olig2 is expressed in both cerebellar VZ progenitors and early-born neurons.

14 (Shh) signaling is active in the cerebellar VZ and essential to radial glial cell proliferation and

15 rogenitors, Olig2(+) cells in the cerebellar VZ are in the process of leaving the cell cycle and diff

16 We propose that a subset of the cerebellar VZ clones, those with medial origins, undergoes a biphas

17 onal dispersion suggests that the cerebellar VZ is not partitioned into parasagittal domains of linea

18 identity transition" model of the cerebellar VZ progenitors stating that majority of Pax2(+) interneu

19 ed neuronal generation from their cerebellar VZ progenitors.

20 t neuroepithelial cells in the embryonic CNS VZ are stem cells in vivo.

21 vast majority cycling cells in the cortical VZ have characteristics of radial glia, the radial glial

22 hemistry to determine when in the cell cycle VZ cells couple and uncouple from clusters and to determ

23 more, we show that wave disruption decreases VZ proliferation during the peak of embryonic neurogenes

24 of Ntn1 from the VZ and even from the dorsal VZ highly disrupts CA guidance to the midline, whereas t

25 enitors; by midneurogenesis, the entire dTel VZ exhibits ventralization.

26 Marker analyses show that dTel VZ progenitors in Pax6 mutants are progressively ventral

27 This ventralization of the dTel VZ is paralleled by the expression of markers for GABA I

28 cortical Emx1 lineage generated in the dTel VZ, definitively showing that dTel progenitors and proge

29 the source of Shh that signals to the early VZ, and suggest a transventricular path for Shh ligand d

30 tch signaling is greatly reduced and 'early' VZ progenitors (P1 and P2) precociously acquire SVZ prog

31 Panx1 is essential for maintaining elevated VZ NPC numbers after stroke.

32 of viral nucleocapsids and mature enveloped VZ virions was detected by 9 to 12 h by time-resolved EM

33 k numbers of Panx1-null and Panx1-expressing VZ NPCs over time.

34 non-steroidal ovarian factor on adult female VZ cell proliferation.

35 By clearly defining SNPs as bona fide VZ residents, separate from both RGCs and IPCs, and unco

36 anisms that propagate regional identity from VZ progenitors to cortical plate (CP) neurons are unknow

37 indirect consequence of loss of signals from VZ-derived cells later in development.

38 al glial progenitor cells in the hippocampal VZ and DG in the late embryonic period, progressing to a

39 Radial glial-like cells of the hippocampal VZ are the progenitors of pyramidal neurons and granule

40 tions and in cell cultures that in the human VZ/SVZ, cells can be double labeled with RG markers and

41 th the onset of transglutaminase activity in VZ cells during a period when cell survival is reduced f

42 investigated the effect of Panx1 deletion in VZ NPCs after focal cortical stroke via photothrombosis.

43 the continued inhibition of neurogenesis in VZ progenitors.

44 high p21 expression levels were observed in VZ cells as they exited the cell cycle, and TGFbeta1 inc

45 combination with viruses to delete Panx1 in VZ NPCs and to track numbers of Panx1-null and Panx1-exp

46 Surprisingly, the deletion of Rac1 in VZ progenitors did not prevent axonal outgrowth of telen

47 but not male, slices significantly increased VZ cell proliferation; testicular tissue had no impact o

48 mber/density, we introduced extra EGFRs into VZ cells with a retrovirus in vivo and in vitro.

49 ng axons to the ventral midline, while local VZ-supplied netrin1 is required for this step.

50 dence that, during apical nuclear migration, VZ precursors display dynamic spontaneous Ca(2+) transie

51 have used this approach to ask whether most VZ progenitors behave as stem cells in vivo.

52 criptomes of fetal human and embryonic mouse VZ, SVZ, and cortical plate.

53 ic cell shape is also abnormal in the mutant VZ.

54 ncreases in [Ca2+]i in groups of neighboring VZ cells.

55 et al. (2013) concluded that the neocortical VZ does not contain lineage-restricted RGCs.

56 ole for VEGF-A in the therapeutic actions of VZ+434 and suggest a mechanism by which VEGF-A exerts th

57 Intramuscular administration of VZ+434 increases VEGF-A protein levels in L4/5 DRG, corr

58 that maintain the proliferative capacity of VZ resident progenitors remain elusive.

59 hort neural precursors are a unique class of VZ intermediate progenitors derived from radial glial ce

60 , underscoring the potential contribution of VZ progenitors in the pathogenesis of cerebellar disease

61 alpha1-agonist deprivation during culture of VZ cells in the presence of a protein synthesis inhibito

62 ire properties and anatomic distributions of VZ cells.

63 ll cycle, TGFbeta1 decreased the fraction of VZ-cycling cells by 21% and increased the number of VZ c

64 hat Panx1 is required for the maintenance of VZ NPCs.

65 Our data demonstrate that the majority of VZ cells, and nearly all mitotically active VZ cells dur

66 ing cells by 21% and increased the number of VZ cells exiting the cell cycle a commensurate 24%.

67 may contribute to the greater percentage of VZ cells exiting the cell cycle at this time.

68 ive VZ cells and a substantial percentage of VZ cells overall are radial glia.

69 lls with octanol decreases the percentage of VZ cells that enter S phase.

70 ility that radial glia and the population of VZ progenitor cells may be one anatomical and functional

71 lling the proliferation and specification of VZ cells during embryonic development.

72 ignaling knockdown disrupts specification of VZ-derived cell types, and also reduces granule cell num

73 that suggest that RGCs are the sole type of VZ precursor, the present study indicates that the VZ in

74 nesis, in both astrocyte and oligodendrocyte VZ progenitors.

75 There were no significant effects on VZ cell proliferation in either sexes by acute exposure

76 examine the acute effects of sex steroids on VZ cell proliferation, male and female adult zebra finch

77 In late embryonic and posthatch periods, VZ clones were found to comprise Purkinje cells, glial c

78 At 14 days postinfection, VZ virions were detected by electron microscopy in neuro

79 ral precursor groups in the embryonic rodent VZ create diversity in the overlying neocortex.

80 eta1-induced effects were primarily in the S/VZ, whereas ethanol induced activation in both compartme

81 (the ventricular and subventricular zones; S/VZ) and the postproliferative compartment (intermediate

82 the ventricular zone of the spinal cord (SC-VZ) during rat development, which take place between emb

83 In the VZ of the brain, unlike the SC-VZ, a third wave of oligodendrogenesis occurs during the

84 st, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) suppressed VZ cell proliferation in males, but not females, replica

85 thymidine labeling within the telencephalic VZ at the levels of area X, the anterior commissure, and

86 f cell division throughout the telencephalic VZ of juvenile birds.

87 ound that Rac1 deletion in the telencephalic VZ progenitors resulted in reduced sizes of both the str

88 f proliferation throughout the telencephalic VZ, thereby allowing us to compare levels of mitotic act

89 Thus, in contrast to telencephalic VZ cells, SVZa cells continue to undergo multiple rounds

90 undergo increased apoptosis, indicating that VZ/SVZ-derived and rhombic lip-derived progenitor cells

91 for CAs, but suggest a novel mechanism that VZ-derived Ntn1 directs CAs to the ventral midline by it

92 The VZ was divided into segments throughout the entire anter

93 s in steroid action and cell death along the VZ may contribute to the maintenance of the sexually dim

94 in promoting tangential migration along the VZ/SVZ but not IZ.

95 indicates that BMP protein is present at the VZ surface.

96 pping to show that SNPs and RGCs cohabit the VZ but display different cell cycle kinetics and generat

97 dult zebra finch brain slices containing the VZ were exposed to 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine-5'-monophosph

98 the increased neural stem cell exit from the VZ and cortical migrational defects, respectively.

99 Remarkably, deletion of Ntn1 from the VZ and even from the dorsal VZ highly disrupts CA guidan

100 nitiated by progenitor delamination from the VZ early during corticogenesis.

101 Neural stem cells derived from the VZ express high levels of the integrin laminin receptor

102 ghly expressed as cells delaminated from the VZ.

103 oles, accompanied by RGP detachment from the VZ.

104 roduce postmitotic neurons directly from the VZ.

105 premature depletion of progenitors from the VZ.

106 ell fate of human RG cells isolated from the VZ/SVZ at midterm.

107 ediates radial migration of neurons from the VZ/SVZ to the cortical plate/subplate (CP/SP) region.

108 During migration from the VZ/SVZ to the CP/SP, differentiating cortical neurons be

109 tions of centrioles in anchoring RGPs in the VZ and ensuring their efficient mitoses, and reveal the

110 t patterns of ECM receptor expression in the VZ and in the overlying cortex.

111 aining the old mother centriole stays in the VZ and is preferentially inherited by radial glia progen

112 egulates neural stem cell maintenance in the VZ and neuronal migration to the CP.

113 at the vast majority of CUX2(+) cells in the VZ and SVZ are migrating interneurons derived from the s

114 dramatically increases proliferation in the VZ by shortening the cell cycle, whereas proliferation i

115 Moreover, prophase cells in the VZ contain elevated levels of Ndel1 phosphorylated at a

116 Our data suggest that a delay in NEBD in the VZ could contribute to developmental defects associated

117 ically characterized progenitor cells in the VZ demonstrates that these cells have the morphology of

118 renewing radial glia progenitors stay in the VZ for subsequent divisions.

119 ults demonstrate that cell clustering in the VZ is restricted to neural precursors and radial glia, i

120 The initial expression of GM1 in the VZ is restricted to regions close to the medial pallium.

121 temporal regulation of GM1 expression in the VZ is still lacking.

122 an important role in NPC maintenance in the VZ niche in the naive and stroke brain and could be a ke

123 In the VZ of the brain, unlike the SC-VZ, a third wave of oligo

124 However, cell division increased in the VZ only in early (E11) injury, but not later (E15), indi

125 he mechanism of nuclear translocation in the VZ precursors are unclear.

126 phosphorylation of small GTPase cdc42 in the VZ precursors.

127 Radial glia cells in the VZ primarily divide with a vertical orientation througho

128 irst cloned receptor gene, lpA1/vzg-1 in the VZ suggested that functional LPA receptors were synthesi

129 -expressing radial glial cells divide in the VZ to produce Tbr2-expressing intermediate progenitor ce

130 induces cellular and nuclear rounding in the VZ, but also produces an accumulation of rounded nuclei

131 re required in progenitors of the MGE in the VZ, but not the SVZ, for proper cortical interneuron mig

132 ell classes are present concomitantly in the VZ, but their relative number changes over the course of

133 ative, ectopic RGPs, as well as those in the VZ, with a centrosomal deficit exhibited prolonged mitos

134 ry and sufficient for GLAST induction in the VZ.

135 ively increased the expression of p21 in the VZ.

136 xpressed in neuronal cells as well as in the VZ.

137 g precursors, but it is not expressed in the VZ.

138 A) and showed its enriched expression in the VZ.

139 aling inhibits the repulsive activity in the VZ.

140 ferating clones containing cells only in the VZ.

141 reased neural stem-cell proliferation in the VZ.

142 howed that approximately 50% of cells in the VZ/SVZ region are neurons, 30% are astroglia, 15% are ne

143 at least two types of dividing cells in the VZ: (1) radial glial cells (RGCs) that span the entire n

144 Whereas differentiating cells leave the VZ to constitute the future neocortex, renewing radial g

145 g the new mother centriole mostly leaves the VZ and is largely associated with differentiating cells.

146 signaling within the microenvironment of the VZ and provide a framework for future molecular and cell

147 Thus, the relative contributions of the VZ and SVZ to neocortical growth may be regulated by dif

148 sm occurred within the ventral aspect of the VZ at rostral levels of the song-control nucleus Area X,

149 red in restricted, localized segments of the VZ at the levels of area X and the anterior commissure i

150 dence of cell division in all regions of the VZ becomes equivalent in both sexes, such that no region

151 tivity within corresponding locations of the VZ between males and females.

152 lar and morphological characteristics of the VZ constituents and to capture their behavior during cel

153 itors along the neuroependymal lining of the VZ during development, with decreased expression in adul

154 This work reveals the architecture of the VZ in an adult vertebrate brain, identifies the primary

155 at a similar time and that the output of the VZ is influenced by its mosaic structure.

156 f astrocyte formation and potentially of the VZ to SVZ transition.

157 s expressed in the ventral two-thirds of the VZ, in addition to the FP.

158 rated from the Dbx1-expressing domain of the VZ, spanning the dorsoventral midline.

159 that of the cortical plate than that of the VZ, whereas in human the opposite was the case, with the

160 es originate in complementary domains of the VZ.

161 ccurred in cells throughout the depth of the VZ.

162 sors to differentiate and migrate out of the VZ.

163 neurite elaboration and migration out of the VZ.

164 packed and confined to a single level of the VZ.

165 own of EphB2 disrupted the separation of the VZ/SVZ and IZ migratory routes.

166 In contrast, neural progenitors of the VZ/SVZ did not undergo increased apoptosis, indicating t

167 ating region-specific actions of FGF2 on the VZ and subventricular zone (SVZ).

168 Fgfr3(+) cells within and outside the VZ also express the astroglial marker glutamine syntheta

169 gene was expressed in cells just outside the VZ, in regions where post-mitotic neurons are differenti

170 By subdividing the VZ into segments, we were able to construct a "map" of p

171 tilized by SVZa-derived neurons and that the VZ cells are unable to decipher the same set of guidance

172 19(INK4d)(-) sublaminae, indicating that the VZ has a previously unrecognized level of functional org

173 cursor, the present study indicates that the VZ in murine dorsal telencephalon is similar to that in

174 electron microscopy, we determined that the VZ of the adult canary brain is composed of three main c

175 Here we show that the VZ, subventricular zone (SVZ), and CP contain distinct m

176 was spatially differentiated throughout the VZ, suggesting that mitotic activity is differentially r

177 ar zone (VZ) and immediately adjacent to the VZ; at later time points (i.e., 30 days), the cells appe

178 and to determine what cell types within the VZ are coupled to clusters.

179 sexually dimorphic proliferation within the VZ may contain precursor cells that give rise to song-co

180 n in the number of dividing cells within the VZ, and (2) sex differences in thymidine labeling occurr

181 icate that BMP protein is present within the VZ, that BMP is capable of promoting neuronal differenti

182 tiation of neocortical precursors within the VZ.

183 ets of precursors and other cells within the VZ.

184 s in both G1 and S phases are not coupled to VZ clusters, whereas all cells in G2 are coupled to clus

185 nd thus, LPA could be an earlier stimulus to VZ cells than the neurotransmitters GABA and L-glutamate

186 rease in the ratio of the size of the SVZ to VZ, protracted period of cell proliferation, as well as

187 In contrast, heterotopically transplanted VZ cells from the embryonic telencephalon did not underg

188 generation is markedly reduced in the Ts65Dn VZ during mid-neurogenesis, indicating that faulty speci

189 , we found that pharmacologically uncoupling VZ cells with octanol decreases the percentage of VZ cel

190 These previously unidentified VZ characteristics suggest altered cell constraints whic

191 excluded from the pMN domain of the ventral VZ where Pdgfra(+) oligodendrocyte progenitors--and moto

192 hat precursors in the embryonic ventricular (VZ) and subventricular zones (SVZ), which give rise to e

193 enoreceptors are present in the ventricular (VZ) and subventricular (SVZ) zones of the mammalian embr

194 ng the ventricular zone/subventricular zone (VZ/SVZ) and intermediate zone (IZ) of the dorsal telence

195 tors in the ventricular/subventricular zone (VZ/SVZ) and mediates radial migration of neurons from th

196 in the ventricular and subventricular zone (VZ/SVZ) from day 2 after MCAo and onward.

197 neocortical ventricular/subventricular zone (VZ/SVZ), generate cortical projection neurons both in ro

198 cells was detected in the ventricular zone (VZ) and cortical plate (CP) compared to control cells, s

199 lative to the plane of the ventricular zone (VZ) and find that this does not correlate with the fate

200 found predominantly in the ventricular zone (VZ) and immediately adjacent to the VZ; at later time po

201 radial glial cells in the ventricular zone (VZ) and indirectly from intermediate progenitor cells in

202 he CP and the GZ including ventricular zone (VZ) and outer and inner subcompartments of the outer sub

203 rminal neuroepithelia: the ventricular zone (VZ) and rhombic lip.

204 egulates the conversion of ventricular zone (VZ) and subventricular zone (SVZ) neural progenitors int

205 es during development, the ventricular zone (VZ) and the subventricular zone (SVZ).

206 ression observed along the ventricular zone (VZ) and to a lesser degree in postmitotic neurons in the

207 tial growth of the rostral ventricular zone (VZ) but decreased Wnt3a and Lef1 expression in the corti

208 luctuations in neocortical ventricular zone (VZ) cells in situ.

209 transplanted telencephalic ventricular zone (VZ) cells that ordinarily migrate in association with ra

210 e cytoplasm and nucleus of ventricular zone (VZ) cells, whereas it is nuclear in the majority of brom

211 in the murine neocortical ventricular zone (VZ) challenges the widely held view that radial glial ce

212 nd subpallial (high Gsx2+) ventricular zone (VZ) compartments.

213 throughout the spinal cord ventricular zone (VZ) concomitantly with the induction of GLAST, an early

214 rated that the neocortical ventricular zone (VZ) contains radial glial cells (RGCs) with restricted f

215 al progenitor cells of the ventricular zone (VZ) differ from later progenitor cells of the subventric

216 xpressed in the cerebellar ventricular zone (VZ) during a period when PCs are specified.

217 imulation of rat forebrain ventricular zone (VZ) germinal cells with the alpha1-agonist phenylephrine

218 lls of the telencephalonic ventricular zone (VZ) has been reported in several studies.

219 progenitors away from the ventricular zone (VZ) in the upper cerebral wall.

220 roliferation in the nearby ventricular zone (VZ) increased shortly thereafter.

221 ation of stem cells in the ventricular zone (VZ) is compromised.

222 l cortex revealed that the ventricular zone (VZ) is divided into p19(INK4d)(+) and p19(INK4d)(-) subl

223 The proliferative ventricular zone (VZ) is the main source of projection neurons for the ove

224 rentiated neurons from the ventricular zone (VZ) is well established.

225 rowth and proliferation of ventricular zone (VZ) neural precursor cells (NPCs) in vitro.

226 nic conductance changes in ventricular zone (VZ) neuroblasts.

227 Cells within the ventricular zone (VZ) of developing neocortex are coupled together into cl

228 ssed by progenitors in the ventricular zone (VZ) of dorsal telencephalon (dTel), which generate all c

229 n proliferation within the ventricular zone (VZ) of early DS fetal cortex and in cultured early passa

230 Prophase cells in the ventricular zone (VZ) of embryonic day 13.5 Lis1(+/-) mouse brains show re

231 n within the telencephalic ventricular zone (VZ) of juvenile and adult birds to look for both age and

232 r proliferation within the ventricular zone (VZ) of juvenile male songbirds may contain progenitor ce

233 leles in the telencephalic ventricular zone (VZ) of mouse embryos.

234 mice to delete Rac1 in the ventricular zone (VZ) of telencephalon and Dlx5/6-Cre-IRES (internal ribos

235 The embryonic ventricular zone (VZ) of the cerebral cortex contains migrating neurons, r

236 The ventricular zone (VZ) of the developing cerebral cortex is a pseudostratif

237 ells simultaneously in the ventricular zone (VZ) of the developing neocortex.

238 cell proliferation in the ventricular zone (VZ) of the early developing mouse neocortex with a repli

239 uroepithelial cells in the ventricular zone (VZ) of the early embryonic CNS.

240 They first appear in the ventricular zone (VZ) of the embryonic spinal cord in mid-gestation and th

241 the wound site and in the ventricular zone (VZ) of the injured tecta indicated an astroglial precurs

242 continue to be born in the ventricular zone (VZ) of the lateral ventricles in the brain of adult bird

243 gration and found that the ventricular zone (VZ) of the LGE is repulsive to GABAergic neurons.

244 s of RhoA and Cdc42 in the ventricular zone (VZ) of the medial ganglionic eminence (MGE) using Olig2-

245 om a region of the ventral ventricular zone (VZ) that also gives rise to motoneurons.

246 cycle exit in the cortical ventricular zone (VZ) through modulation of cell cycle protein expression,

247 in the dorsal part of the ventricular zone (VZ) throughout the hindbrain and spinal cord.

248 cortex, progenitors in the ventricular zone (VZ) undergo a developmental change between embryonic day

249 enesis, neuroblasts in the ventricular zone (VZ) undergo a shape change termed "interkinetic nuclear

250 led that the volume of the ventricular zone (VZ) was increased by more than two fold in the EIIa;Fgfr

251 portion of the cerebellar ventricular zone (VZ) were observed to spread preferentially in the mediol

252 primarily localized to the ventricular zone (VZ) where neuronal stem cells reside.

253 by progenitor cells of the ventricular zone (VZ) within the hippocampal primordium.

254 rs in the embryonic murine ventricular zone (VZ) within which the NSCs undergo symmetrical and asymme

255 ird brain occurs along the ventricular zone (VZ), a specialized cell layer surrounding the lateral ve

256 riginate from the cortical ventricular zone (VZ), and then migrate radially into the cortical mantle,

257 cursors in the spinal cord ventricular zone (VZ), as well as in the progenitors of both neuronal and

258 fewer labeled cells in the ventricular zone (VZ), but many labeled cells with neuronal morphology in

259 that Ntn1 derived from the ventricular zone (VZ), but not the FP, is crucial for CA guidance in the m

260 ral progenitors within the ventricular zone (VZ), raising the question of which source of netrin1 pro

261 elencephalic proliferative ventricular zone (VZ), the nuclei of the neural precursors move basally aw

262 e rhombic lip (RL) and the ventricular zone (VZ), which generate different types of glutamatergic and

263 m, later localizing to the ventricular zone (VZ), with the hgf1 and hgf2 ligand genes expressed in su

264 the proliferative cortical ventricular zone (VZ).

265 oses at the surface of the ventricular zone (VZ).

266 ors (RGPs) residing in the ventricular zone (VZ).

267 protomap" in the embryonic ventricular zone (VZ).

268 entricular zone (SVZ), and ventricular zone (VZ).

269 ls, forming a unique adult ventricular zone (VZ).

270 enitor populations in the ventricular zones (VZs) and subventricular zones (SVZs) of the embryonic ce