ライフサイエンスコーパス: Western diet

1 ence of its efficacy, compared with a normal Western diet.

2 ed marked atherosclerotic lesions when fed a Western diet.

3 ts (DKOs) and challenged with an atherogenic Western diet.

4 apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-deficient mice fed a Western diet.

5 ated to obesity, the metabolic syndrome, and Western diet.

6 ice from the effects of obesity induced by a Western diet.

7 Goji berries (GB) have been introduced in Western diet.

8 compared with ApoE(-/-) mice fed a high-fat Western diet.

9 trophil accumulation in livers of mice fed a Western diet.

10 ic [Tg]) levels of PCSK9 were fed a 12-month Western diet.

11 yceride and cholesterol levels in mice fed a Western diet.

12 tic inflammation and steatosis in mice fed a Western diet.

13 several profibrogenic changes in mice fed a Western diet.

14 for its hypolipidemic properties in rats on Western diet.

15 loped significant atherosclerosis when fed a Western diet.

16 increased atherosclerosis after 11 weeks of Western diet.

17 8 were identified for fasting glucose on the Western diet.

18 ty lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice fed a Western diet.

19 ver inflammation and steatosis in mice fed a Western diet.

20 g/LDLR null mice than in LDLR null mice on a western diet.

21 asures were assessed after 2 wk of a typical Western diet.

22 LDLR(-/-)) background were placed on chow or Western diet.

23 hat were LDLR sufficient were also placed on Western diet.

24 apanese diet and 4 items characteristic of a Western diet.

25 E-deficient (apoE-/-) background when fed a Western diet.

26 ntolerance and insulin resistance when fed a Western diet.

27 he widespread availability of peanuts in the Western diet.

28 poprotein receptor-deficient male mice fed a Western diet.

29 ed in ApoE knockout mice also exposed to the western diet.

30 n CD11d(-/-)/ApoE(-/-) mice after 16 wk on a Western diet.

31 lection of food items commonly consumed in a Western diet.

32 as further increased in APP/PS1 mice fed the western diet.

33 oprotein receptor (Ldlr) knockout mice fed a Western diet.

34 ecline, with the converse being true for the western diet.

35 lesterol levels in F2 mice on either chow or Western diet.

36 triglyceride levels was also observed on the Western diet.

37 s were measured before and after 12 weeks of Western diet.

38 le as complementary genistein sources in the Western diet.

39 d in Shp(-/-) mice given 1,25(OH)2D3 and fed Western diets.

40 mpared with Apoe(-/-) mice when fed chow and western diets.

41 s of FASKOM as compared with control mice on Western diets.

42 nd gender-matched control subjects consuming Western diets.

43 e- and sex-matched sedentary subjects eating Western diets.

44 osis in LDL receptor-null (Ldlr-/-) mice fed Western diets.

45 r B6.apoE(-/-) counterpart on either chow or Western diets.

46 er and menopausal symptoms than those eating Western diets.

47 h lower risk for breast cancer compared with Western diets.

48 rate, protein, vitamin and mineral levels of western diets.

49 Prudent and Western diets.

50 erranean diets may be healthier than typical Western diets.

51 by high fructose, a widespread component of Western diets.

52 oprotein cholesterol levels on both chow and Western diets.

53 tal cholesterol, reflecting an increasingly "Western" diet.

54 ced obesity (DIO), in which they were fed a "Western" diet.

55 ther a low-fat (regular) diet or a high-fat (Western) diet.

56 L receptor-null (LDLR(-/-)) dams a high-fat (Western) diet.

57 and ii) average bioavailability assumed for Western-diets.

58 alence than with average factors assumed for Western-diets.

59 eeks of age; n=6) were fed regular chow or a Western diet (1.25% cholesterol, 2% fat).

60 iet, with a further 2- to 3-fold increase on Western diet (22-fold over healthy).

61 and runner (21.6 +/- 1.6) groups than in the Western diet (26.5 +/- 2.7; P < 0.005) group.

62 Higher baseline western diet adherence was associated with greater cogni

63 ase progression, all mice were placed on the Western diet after hyperglycemia development.

64 Maternal Western diet age-specifically alters female offspring vo

65 LDLR(-/-) pregnant dams on a Western diet also had litters with significant IUGR.

66 al nutritionally adverse elements of current Western diets also yield environmentally harmful food co

67 lian-style Mediterranean diet (AusMeDi), (2) western diet and (3) prudent diet were generated for eac

68 ered daily to LDL receptor-null mice after a Western diet and after influenza infection.

69 Extrinsic factors, such as the Western diet and alcohol, contribute to these changes.

70 mass index modified the associations of the Western diet and breast cancer among postmenopausal wome

71 ificant association was observed between the Western diet and depression (OR: 1.17; 95% CI: 0.97, 1.6

72 e deficient in macrophage p38alpha MAPK on a Western diet and found that they had a marked increase i

73 n male apolipoprotein E-deficient mice fed a Western diet and injected intravenously with the particl

74 Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis arising from Western diet and lifestyle is characterized by accumulat

75 on, we fed apolipoprotein E-deficient mice a Western diet and occluded the left common carotid artery

76 - mice were maintained on a high cholesterol Western diet and received daily simvastatin (0.125 mg/kg

77 a 76.5% decrease in aortic tree lesion area (Western diet) and a 45% decrease in aortic sinus lesion

78 potently reduced food intake (both chow and Western diet) and body weight, whereas HPFv GLP-1R block

79 and per capita national income, a measure of Western diet, and, for BMI, the percentage of the popula

80 erum total cholesterol with national income, Western diet, and, for BMI, urbanization in 1980 and 200

81 s provide approximately 60-67% of betaine in Western diets, and 20-40% of betaine in South-East Asian

82 In addition, we found that with a Western diet, animals bearing tumors presented with redu

83 s (control+Aox); Western diet (Western); and Western diet + antioxidants (Western+Aox).

84 th tissue available for molecular profiling, Western diet appeared to be more strongly associated wit

85 Most foods included within the western diet are subjected to heat processing.

86 Western diets are often deficient in omega-3-PUFA, and p

87 aturated fatty acids (PUFA), abundant in the Western diet, are precursors for a number of key mediato

88 ically addressed the role of components of a Western diet as important factors involved in breast can

89 icient (Apoe(-/-)) strains, was started on a Western diet at 6 weeks of age and maintained on the die

90 ies have assessed individual components of a western diet, but no study has assessed the long-term, c

91 e that the absorption of iron from a typical Western diet by achlorhydric patients would be less than

92 of serum triglycerides in mice on a high fat Western diet by modulating both VLDL production and LPL-

93 t diet (HFD) coupled with sugar, mimicking a Western diet, causes fatty liver disease in mice.

94 CGN is a commonly used food additive in the Western diet, clarification of its effects and mechanism

95 nt lipoproteins in apoE-deficient mice fed a Western diet compared with apoE3 and apoE4.

96 Here we report that, unexpectedly, maternal western diet consumption in mice causes the production o

97 mia and significant hyperglycemia when fed a western diet containing 21% fat (w/w), 0.15% cholesterol

98 urine model of NASH: the C57Bl6 mouse fed a "western" diet containing high amounts of fat and fructos

99 After 8 weeks on the Western diet, COX-2-/- --> LDLR-/- mice developed signif

100 d to properly transport chyle after an acute Western Diet, culminating in chronic failure of Calcrl(f

101 in (STZ)-injected DBA/2J mice fed a high-fat Western diet (DBA/STZ/WD) and treated with the LXR agoni

102 The aortas of apoE-/- mice on a Western diet demonstrated greater numbers of FR-positive

103 apoE(-/-) mice fed a Western diet developed severe hypercholesterolemia, sign

104 The Western diet differentially affected body size, body fat

105 Western diets (enriched in fat, phosphatidylcholine, and

106 high-palmitic acid diet (HPA; similar to the Western diet fat composition) to a low-palmitic acid and

107 Western diet fed Il17a(-/-)Apoe(-/-) and Il17ra(-/-)Apoe

108 Western diet fed Ldlr(-/-)CEH transgenic mice showed imp

109 MTP inhibition in Western diet fed mice decreased plasma triglycerides/cho

110 human carotid atherosclerotic plaques and in western diet-fed atherosclerosis-prone Ldlr(-/-) and Apo

111 auses liver steatosis and damage in chow- or Western diet-fed C57BL/6 mice.

112 antioxidant balance during pregnancy in the Western diet-fed dam is associated with decreased adipos

113 aps and necrotic cores were detected in both Western diet-fed E0/R0 and E0/R1 animals.

114 In the Western diet-fed group, exogenous estradiol markedly red

115 Protection against obesity in Western diet-fed L-Fabp(-/-) mice was not due to discern

116 re significantly slower in both chow-fed and Western diet-fed L-Fabp(-/-) mice.

117 Western diet-fed L-sIDOL mice had elevated expression of

118 w containing Myd88-deficient CD11c+ DCs into Western diet-fed LDL receptor knockout mice and found th

119 Western diet-fed LDL receptor-deficient (Ldlr-/-) mice w

120 evels occurred in atherosclerotic lesions in western diet-fed Ldlr(-/-) and ApoE(-/-) mice.

121 We first validated Western diet-fed Ldlr(-/-) mice as a model of human mito

122 ver, plasma lipids were elevated only in the Western diet-fed LDLR(-/-) mice.

123 n prevents obesity and insulin resistance in Western diet-fed mice and dramatically reduces hepatic t

124 ression of miR-30c reduced hyperlipidemia in Western diet-fed mice by decreasing lipid synthesis and

125 completely restored hepatic Sort1 levels in Western diet-fed mice.

126 protein, but not mRNA, was markedly lower in Western diet-fed mice.

127 t of increased adiposity in the offspring of Western diet-fed pregnant dams.

128 ion of an antioxidant supplement to pregnant Western diet-fed rats would prevent the development of a

129 plantation embryos, fetuses, and newborns of Western diet-fed rats.

130 reticulum membrane fractions from long-term Western diet-fed wild type (WT) and Plin2-null mice.

131 lso restored hepatic Sort1 protein levels in Western diet-fed wild type mice, but not in peroxisome p

132 late in Abcg1(-/-) bone marrow-transplanted, Western diet-fed, Ldlr-deficient mice.

133 Western diet feeding resulted in increased platelet acti

134 sclerosis in response to 32 weeks of Chow or Western diet feeding than Id3(+/+)ApoE(-/-) mice.

135 r disease observed in the LCR rats following western diet feeding was associated with further decline

136 th apoE-/- controls when challenged with the Western diet for 1 year.

137 We examined atherosclerosis in mice fed a Western diet for 10 weeks and found that G2A deficiency

138 Mice were fed a low-fat or Western diet for 12 weeks followed by a diet-plus-sevela

139 x treatment of apoE-KO mice with myriocin in Western diet for 12 weeks lowered SM and sphinganine pla

140 ApoE-/-ITCH-/- mice fed a western diet for 12 weeks showed increased circulating M

141 LDLR(-/-) mice were fed a Western diet for 12 weeks, then administered rIL-19 or p

142 .Apoe(-/-) and BALB.Apoe(-/-) mice and fed a Western diet for 12 weeks.

143 pha control lentivirus before commencing the Western diet for 12 weeks.

144 male F2 mice were analyzed after being fed a Western diet for 12 weeks.

145 le F2 mice were measured after being fed the western diet for 12 weeks.

146 educed plaque burden in Apoe(-/-) mice fed a Western diet for 15 weeks.

147 e aortas of 21-week-old Apoe(-/-) mice fed a Western diet for 15 weeks.

148 planted with Il27ra(-/-) bone marrow and fed Western diet for 16 weeks developed significantly larger

149 Reversa mice were fed a western diet for 16 weeks to develop plaques (baseline).

150 double knockout (DKO) mice, which were fed a Western diet for 16 weeks.

151 and ApoE(-/-)LKB1(fl/fl) mice were fed with western diet for 16 weeks.

152 und that CXCR6(GFP/GFP)/ApoE(-/-) mice fed a Western diet for 17 weeks or a chow diet for 56 weeks ha

153 LDLr(-/-) mice were fed a control diet or a Western diet for 19 weeks.

154 +/+) (n = 14) fetal liver cells, and fed the Western diet for 19 weeks.

155 L-sIDOL mice were fed a Western diet for 20 or 30 weeks and then analyzed for pl

156 se in atherosclerosis development when fed a Western diet for 20 weeks, despite having a drastic redu

157 ), or high (Tg/L) levels of PCSK9 were fed a Western diet for 3 months.

158 creased significantly in C57Bl/6J mice fed a Western diet for 3 months.

159 New Zealand White rabbits fed a Western diet for 4-6 wk underwent endothelial denudation

160 - P-selectin-/- mice were fed an atherogenic Western diet for 5 weeks and underwent wire denudation o

161 d using C57BL/6J LDL R-/- mice fed a chow or Western diet for 5 weeks with or without WEB 2086 mixed

162 t mice and wild-type male mice on a high-fat Western diet for 7 to 8 wk and then performed either sha

163 ype control littermate) bone marrow were fed western diet for 8 weeks with or without anti-CD4 deplet

164 fatty streak lesions, these mice were fed a Western diet for 8 weeks, resulting in severe hyperchole

165 Female LDLRKO mice were maintained on a Western diet for 8 wk and then divided into 2 groups tha

166 Rabbits fed a Western diet for 90 days had extensive atherosclerosis a

167 r phosphate-buffered saline concomitant with Western diet for an additional 8 weeks.

168 we show that L-Fabp(-/-) mice fed a high-fat Western diet for up to 18 weeks are less obese and accum

169 (wild-type control) mice were fed normal or Western diets for 3 weeks and were then given intraperit

170 that Apoe (-/-) Il27ra (-/-) mice fed with "Western Diet" for 7 or 18 weeks developed significantly

171 ne marrow cells protected apoE-/- mice fed a Western diet from atherosclerosis to the same extent as

172 Furthermore, in the context of mice on a Western diet, genetically induced deficiency of mast cel

173 - 6.9 ng/ml, respectively) compared with the Western diet group (131 +/- 11/83 +/- 6 mm Hg, 1.9 +/- 2

174 diet and runner groups than in the sedentary Western diet group (all P < 0.05).

175 Relative to controls, mice consuming the Western diet had diminished Ab titers whereas the Wester

176 Offspring from dams fed the Western diet had significantly increased adiposity as ea

177 presence of synthetic trans fatty acids into western diets has been shown to have deleterious effects

178 y products, the primary source of calcium in Western diets, has been found to be positively associate

179 Dramatic shifts in the Western diet have led to a marked increase in the dietar

180 Normal adult humans eating Western diets have chronic, low-grade metabolic acidosis

181 f TICs and tumorigenesis in mice placed on a Western diet high in cholesterol and saturated fat (HCFD

182 s derived from ad libitum consumption of the Western diet high in cholesterol and saturated fat and t

183 Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima fatty rats fed a western diet high in fat, sucrose and cholesterol for 24

184 d humans, excessive consumption of a typical Western diet high in saturated fats and cholesterol is k

185 Western diets high in saturated fat are associated with

186 ression is robustly induced in response to a Western diet (high in fat and cholesterol) or to pharmac

187 al ecosystem, and are notably reduced in the Western diet (high in fat and simple carbohydrates, low

188 ns and saturated fats should be minimized in Western diets; however, considerable debate remains rega

189 erol was associated with national income and Western diet in both 1980 and 2008.

190 ociated with reduced steatosis in mice fed a Western diet, including reduced liver triglyceride accum

191 of dietary components characteristic of the Western diet, including saturated fatty acids (SFAs), om

192 The Western diet increases risk of metabolic disease.

193 gests that snacking, a common feature in the Western diet, independently contributes to hepatic steat

194 collagen mRNA levels in livers of mice fed a Western diet, indicating reduced activation of hepatic s

195 veloping countries because high-protein (HP) Western diets induce metabolic acidosis and hypercalciur

196 we show that MAP4K4 in ECs markedly promotes Western diet-induced aortic macrophage accumulation and

197 e resulted in hyperlipidemia and exacerbated Western diet-induced atherogenesis.

198 These findings unravel maternal western diet-induced inflammatory milk secretion as a no

199 ever, the role of the coagulation cascade in Western diet-induced NAFLD has not been investigated.

200 Using an established mouse model of Western diet-induced NAFLD, we tested whether the thromb

201 that L-Fabp(-/-) mice are protected against Western diet-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis throu

202 tructural myocardial changes associated with Western diet intake, and subsequent modification with do

203 The Western diet is characterized by high protein, sugar, fa

204 The Western diet is high in AGEs, which are derived from coo

205 ree-living, elderly white Americans eating a Western diet is high iron stores, not iron deficiency.

206 ) and omega-6 (n-6) essential fatty acids in Western diets is thought to have changed markedly during

207 After 12 and 26 weeks of a Western diet, LDLr-/- Cat L-/- mice had significantly sm

208 compound mutant mice were maintained on the western diet, leading to early death.

209 ose intake in mice comparable with levels of Western diets led to increased tumor growth and metastas

210 stered orally to LDL receptor-null mice on a Western diet, lesions decreased by 79%.

211 nd by 39% in males on chow diets; in mice on Western diets, lesions in the descending aorta were redu

212 o immigrate to the United States and adopt a Western diet lose this protection.

213 After 8 to 16 weeks on a Western diet, male and female mice were assessed for ath

214 Feeding mice a Western diet markedly increased aortic pulse-wave veloci

215 The Western diet may be a risk factor for osteoporosis.

216 y changes associated with acculturation to a Western diet may increase the risk of type 2 diabetes in

217 pregnancy, many women consuming contemporary Western diets may not be able to meet the fetal demand f

218 intravenously into apoE-deficient mice fed a Western diet (mean baseline cholesterol level 1401 mg/dl

219 fluenza A/Puerto Rico/8/34 infection using a Western diet model in the absence or presence of docosah

220 A defined rodent "new Western diet" (NWD), which recapitulates intake levels o

221 Western diets, obesity, and sedentary lifestyles are ass

222 Male and female LDLR(-/-) Western-diet offspring developed significantly larger at

223 essed the long-term, cumulative effects of a western diet on aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD).

224 ndation to fully investigate the impact of a western diet on glial responses in aging and Alzheimer's

225 increased 9-fold by feeding wild-type mice a Western diet or by applying topical TLR7/8 (Toll-like re

226 .2% by weight) and LDL receptor-null mice to Western diet or Western diet plus lutein.

227 escalating consumption of polysaccharides in Western diets parallels an increased incidence of CD dur

228 In contrast, the Western diet, particularly the relatively high intake of

229 lected nutrients, major food groups, and the Western diet pattern, with adjustment for demographic an

230 rn diet had diminished Ab titers whereas the Western diet plus DHA improved titers.

231 nd LDL receptor-null mice to Western diet or Western diet plus lutein.

232 2 regulation are discussed in the context of Western diet, processed foods containing artificial swee

233 s of saturated fatty acids (such as those in Western diets) promote colon carcinogenesis.

234 Finally, nutritional stress in the form of a Western diet promotes vascular ER stress through miR-204

235 Consumption of a Western diet reduced in BCAAs was also accompanied by a

236 density lipoprotein receptor null mice fed a Western diet reduced the association of myeloperoxidase

237 tion of adenoviral Ang-2 to apoE mice, fed a Western diet, reduced atherosclerotic lesion size and LD

238 Ogg1(-/-)Ldlr(-/-) mice fed a Western diet resulted in an increase in plaque size and

239 eature of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and a Western diet rich in saturated fat is a high level of ci

240 i adhesion and suggests a mechanism by which Western diets rich in specific polysaccharides may promo

241 (rich in whole grains and dietary fiber) and Western diets (rich in red and processed meat, refined g

242 ith Ldlr-/- controls, L1B6Ldlr-/- mice fed a Western diet showed reduced VLDL and LDL levels, reduced

243 and progression, B6 and APP/PS1 mice fed the western diet showed significant increases TREM2+ microgl

244 adenovirus (AdAng-2) to apoE(-/-) mice fed a Western diet significantly reduced atherosclerotic lesio

245 cial effects is not a major component of the Western diet, since soy consumption, considered as the m

246 ic acid, an omega-6 fatty acid common in the Western diet, stimulates proliferation of prostate cance

247 On a Western diet, Tg(Prkcb)apoE-/- and apoE-/- mice did not

248 on origins of trans fatty acids in a typical Western diet that includes dairy products.

249 ga-6 and deficiency of omega-3 in the modern Western diet, the differential effects of tissue omega-6

250 cytes may underlie the increased risk from a western diet to age-related neurodegenerative diseases s

251 The contribution of fructose consumption in Western diets to overweight and obesity in populations r

252 erance as early as 5 wk of age in pups fed a Western diet, ultimately causing diabetes.

253 Western diet was associated with an increased incidence

254 Current Oriental diet (compared with Western diet) was inversely associated with prevalent di

255 C57BL/6 mice were fed a Western diet (WD) (35% kcal from fat enriched in palmita

256 Consumption of a Western diet (WD) (35% kcal from fat) for 6 weeks leads

257 C57BL/6 male mice were fed a Western diet (WD) +/-75 mg PDX twice daily by oral gavag

258 oleic acid canola oil (HOCO) compared with a Western diet (WD) and FADS1-FADS2 single nucleotide poly

259 sed the transgenerational effect of maternal Western diet (WD) consumption on offspring physical acti

260 unity, we compared pups of mice fed either a Western diet (WD) fatty acid profile or a standard low-f

261 pe and FXR KO mice were on a control (CD) or Western diet (WD) for 10 months.

262 reviously demonstrated that consumption of a Western diet (WD) for 16 weeks results in aortic stiffen

263 tein E-deficient (apoE(-/-)) mice were fed a Western diet (WD) for 3, 6, and 9 mo (n = 108) to induce

264 cose and insulin levels were elevated in the Western diet (WD) group, with a trend toward higher insu

265 7Bl/6 mice were fed a high-fat/high-fructose Western diet (WD) or a WD containing the DPP-4 inhibitor

266 w-fat chow diet (CD) or high fat and sucrose Western diet (WD) received 10(9) L. plantarum WCFS1 cell

267 protein (apo)E(-/-) mice (n = 20) were fed a Western diet (WD) to induce CAVD.

268 in maturation period, were transitioned to a western diet (WD) when becoming adult and then subjected

269 on either the standard chow diet (SC) or the Western diet (WD) which contains comparable fat and chol

270 -/-) and Ldlr(-/-)/apoA-I(-/-) mice were fed Western diet (WD) with and without D-4F.

271 We hypothesized that a western diet (WD) would induce NASH in the Otsuka Long-E

272 A control diet (CD) and Western diet (WD), which contains high fat and carbohydr

273 ine-deficient L-amino acid defined (CDAA) or Western diet (WD)-fed wild-type (WT) and NOX2(-/-) mice.

274 kout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice were fed a Western diet (WD).

275 nergy expenditure and weight loss when fed a Western diet (WD).

276 (FAO), which is exacerbated by a high-lipid (Western) diet (WD).

277 mal models of NAFLD/NASH and liver fibrosis (Western diet [WD]-fed human apolipoprotein E2 [hApoE2] t

278 ogressive liver disease following a 16-week 'western diet' (WD) high in fat (45% kcal), cholesterol (

279 Women who adhered to a Western diet were 1.2 (95% confidence interval: 1.03, 1.

280 trol); control + antioxidants (control+Aox); Western diet (Western); and Western diet + antioxidants

281 c phenotype with hepatosteatosis following a Western diet, whereas matched mice not exposed to choles

282 ormation was reduced by 62% in animals fed a Western diet, whereas no change was observed in the smal

283 ple who consume an agrarian plant-based vs a Western diet, which is high in meat and fat.

284 ast food restaurant, fast food consumers ate Western diets, which might have stronger associations wi

285 An average western diet will contain about 250-500 mg of dietary ch

286 An average Western diet will contain approximately 250-500 mg of di

287 Wistar rats received control diet (AIN-93G), Western diet with and without a bolus of PE five times a

288 The association of Western diet with CRC was evident for tumors of the dist

289 We then used dietary supplementation of a Western diet with DHA as a tool to promote cardiac acyl

290 otherwise unhealthy high-calorie, high-sugar Western diet with reduced levels of BCAAs lost weight an

291 Treatment of male LDLR-/- mice fed the Western diet with rofecoxib or indomethacin for 6 weeks

292 the inhibitory effect of dietary calcium, in Western diets with high and low phytate content, on zinc

293 wk in the OW/OB by replacing deficiencies in Western diets without requiring other dietary or lifesty

294 nutrient-dense bar intended to fill gaps in Western diets, without other dietary/lifestyle requireme

295 acids to monounsaturated fatty acids in the Western diet would affect physical activity and energy e

296 ed either a high-cholesterol diet (HCD) or a Western diet (WTD).