1 s found in most cases of Angelman and 
Prader Willi syndrome, the duplications appear to be mediated b
 
     2 opmental abnormalities, such as Down, 
Prader Willi, Angelman and Cri du Chat syndromes, result from g
 
     3                                       Prader-
Willi and Angelman syndromes (PWS and AS) typically resu
 
     4                                       Prader-
Willi syndrome (PWS) and Angelman syndrome (AS) are caus
 
     5                                       Prader-
Willi syndrome (PWS) and Angelman syndrome (AS) are caus
 
     6                                       Prader-
Willi syndrome (PWS) and Angelman syndrome (AS) are deve
 
     7                                       Prader-
Willi syndrome (PWS) and Angelman syndrome (AS) are dist
 
     8                                       Prader-
Willi syndrome (PWS) and Angelman syndrome (AS) are oppo
 
     9                                       Prader-
Willi syndrome (PWS) and Angelman syndrome (AS) are two 
 
    10                                       Prader-
Willi syndrome (PWS) and Angelman syndrome (AS) are two 
 
    11                                       Prader-
Willi syndrome (PWS) and Angelman syndrome (AS) are two 
 
    12                                       Prader-
Willi syndrome (PWS) and Angelman syndrome (AS) result f
 
    13                                       Prader-
Willi syndrome (PWS) is a complex disorder that manifest
 
    14                                       Prader-
Willi syndrome (PWS) is a complex genetic disorder chara
 
    15                                       Prader-
Willi syndrome (PWS) is a complex neurobehavioral disord
 
    16                                       Prader-
Willi syndrome (PWS) is a genetic disorder characterized
 
    17                                       Prader-
Willi syndrome (PWS) is a genetic neurodevelopmental dis
 
    18                                       Prader-
Willi syndrome (PWS) is a neurobehavioral disorder chara
 
    19                                       Prader-
Willi syndrome (PWS) is a neurobehavioural disorder char
 
    20                                       Prader-
Willi syndrome (PWS) is an imprinting disorder caused by
 
    21                                       Prader-
Willi syndrome (PWS) is caused by a loss of paternally e
 
    22                                       Prader-
Willi syndrome (PWS) is caused by alterations of the pat
 
    23                                       Prader-
Willi syndrome (PWS) is caused by deficiency for one or 
 
    24                                       Prader-
Willi syndrome (PWS) is caused by lack of paternally der
 
    25                                       Prader-
Willi syndrome (PWS) is caused by loss of paternally exp
 
    26                                       Prader-
Willi syndrome (PWS) is caused by paternal deficiency of
 
    27                                       Prader-
Willi syndrome (PWS) is caused by the absence of paterna
 
    28                                       Prader-
Willi syndrome (PWS) is most often the result of a delet
 
    29                                       Prader-
Willi syndrome (PWS) is the predominant genetic cause of
 
    30                                       Prader-
Willi syndrome (PWS), a disorder of genomic imprinting, 
 
    31                                       Prader-
Willi syndrome (PWS), a genetic disorder of obesity, int
 
    32                                       Prader-
Willi syndrome (PWS), most notably characterized by infa
 
    33                                       Prader-
Willi syndrome and Angelman syndrome are associated with
 
    34                                       Prader-
Willi syndrome is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder 
 
    35                                       Prader-
Willi syndrome is a developmental disorder with distinct
 
    36 ere reported in obese children with a 
Prader-
Willi-like syndrome; however, SIM1 involvement in obesit
 
    37            Angelman syndrome (AS) and 
Prader-
Willi syndrome (PWS) are neurodevelopmental disorders of
 
    38 es such as Angelman syndrome (AS) and 
Prader-
Willi syndrome (PWS) can have a mutation in the imprinti
 
    39 e for both Angelman syndrome (AS) and 
Prader-
Willi syndrome (PWS), two clinically distinct neurodevel
 
    40 y for children with Down syndrome and 
Prader-
Willi syndrome as an example.                           
 
    41 i to distinguish between Angelman and 
Prader-
Willi syndrome patient samples with uniparental disomy o
 
    42 ients with Angelman syndrome (AS) and 
Prader-
Willi syndrome with mutations in the imprinting process 
 
    43 ation syndrome, myelomeningocele, and 
Prader-
Willi syndrome.                                         
 
    44 tients presenting with trisomy 21 and 
Prader-
Willi syndrome.                                         
 
    45 ildren with chronic renal failure and 
Prader-
Willi syndrome.                                         
 
    46 gical disorders, such as Angelman and 
Prader-
Willi syndromes, and autism spectrum disorder.          
 
    47 eletions associated with Angelman and 
Prader-
Willi syndromes.                                        
 
    48 gion commonly deleted in Angelman and 
Prader-
Willi syndromes.                                        
 
    49 ble to that of Williams, Angelman and 
Prader-
Willi syndromes.                                        
 
    50 using Duchenne muscular dystrophy and 
Prader-
Willi/Angelman syndromes.                               
 
    51                          The Angelman/
Prader-
Willi syndrome (AS/PWS) domain contains at least 8 impri
 
    52  neurodevelopmental disorders such as 
Prader-
Willi syndrome and autism.                              
 
    53  involving brain dysfunction, such as 
Prader-
Willi syndrome, Angelman syndrome, Turner's syndrome, bi
 
    54 ed in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), 
Prader-
Willi Syndrome (PWS), Williams Syndrome (WS) and Fragile
 
    55 , as well as the deletions that cause 
Prader-
Willi and Angelman syndromes.                           
 
    56 tions can result in deletions causing 
Prader-
Willi and Angelman syndromes.                           
 
    57 le for other aspects of the classical 
Prader-
Willi syndrome phenotype.                               
 
    58 cause the neurodevelopmental disorder 
Prader-
Willi syndrome (PWS).                                   
 
    59 sm, pervasive developmental disorder, 
Prader-
Willi and Angelman syndromes showed significant differen
 
    60      The neurodevelopmental disorder, 
Prader-
Willi syndrome, is generally regarded as a genetic model
 
    61 igenetic neurodevelopmental disorders 
Prader-
Willi, Angelman and Rett syndromes and hypothesize a lin
 
    62 onadism, in whom diagnostic tests for 
Prader-
Willi syndrome (PWS) had been negative.                 
 
    63          The most common etiology for 
Prader-
Willi syndrome and Angelman syndrome is de novo intersti
 
    64 , Alagille, Williams, Langer-Giedeon, 
Prader-
Willi, Smith-Magenis, Miller-Dieker, and DiGeorge/veloca
 
    65            A novel locus in the human 
Prader-
Willi syndrome (PWS) region encodes the imprinted ZNF127
 
    66 b of the distal part of the imprinted 
Prader-
Willi and Angelman syndrome region.                     
 
    67 candidate for a role in the imprinted 
Prader-
Willi syndrome (PWS) and PWS mouse models.              
 
    68 metry of L1 elements at the imprinted 
Prader-
Willi syndrome/Angelman syndrome (PWS/AS) locus on mouse
 
    69 6 snoRNA cluster and the Imprinted in 
Prader-
Willi (IPW) non-coding RNA.                             
 
    70 cts involving chromosome 15q11-q13 in 
Prader-
Willi (PWS) and Angelman (AS) syndromes.                
 
    71 kpoint regions of common deletions in 
Prader-
Willi and Angelman syndromes.                           
 
    72 r by uniparental disomy 15 results in 
Prader-
Willi syndrome (PWS) or Angelman syndrome (AS), respecti
 
    73 xpression from this region results in 
Prader-
Willi syndrome (PWS), while absence of maternal gene exp
 
    74 erived gene expression and results in 
Prader-
Willi syndrome (PWS).                                   
 
    75 recombinant growth hormone therapy in 
Prader-
Willi syndrome and the genetic information responsible f
 
    76 ture the predictors of self-injury in 
Prader-
Willi syndrome are becoming more refined.               
 
    77 els in response to the loss of SmN in 
Prader-
Willi syndrome brain tissue, potentially reducing the ph
 
    78 egulated imprinted domain affected in 
Prader-
Willi syndrome patients with imprinting mutations.      
 
    79                                    In 
Prader-
Willi syndrome, 2 years of growth hormone therapy also i
 
    80 opulation that is selectively lost in 
Prader-
Willi syndrome, a condition involving insatiable hunger.
 
    81 mprinted gene expression resulting in 
Prader-
Willi syndrome.                                         
 
    82 e of these is NIPA1 (non-imprinted in 
Prader-
Willi/Angelman syndrome 1) and we have shown recently th
 
    83 eurodevelopmental disorders including 
Prader-
Willi syndrome (PWS), Angelman syndrome (AS) and autism.
 
    84 neurobehavioural disorders, including 
Prader-
Willi syndrome, affective disorders and obsessive-compul
 
    85 in, a region commonly deleted in most 
Prader-
Willi syndrome patients.                                
 
    86 d in the common breakpoint regions of 
Prader-
Willi and Angelman syndrome deletions.                  
 
    87  locus may result in the phenotype of 
Prader-
Willi syndrome (PWS).                                   
 
    88 n the clinically distinct disorder of 
Prader-
Willi syndrome.                                         
 
    89 eliable in the molecular diagnosis of 
Prader-
Willi syndrome.                                         
 
    90 hey contribute to the pathogenesis of 
Prader-
Willi syndrome.                                         
 
    91 s for the commonly deleted regions of 
Prader-
Willi, Angelman, Williams, Smith-Magenis, and DiGeorge/v
 
    92 y associated with, or independent of, 
Prader-
Willi-like features.                                    
 
    93 he clinical features of the polygenic 
Prader-
Willi syndrome.                                         
 
    94 approximately 1.9 Mb of the 15q11-q13 
Prader-
Willi/Angelman syndrome region, demonstrating that the i
 
    95 conditions such as Turner's syndrome, 
Prader-
Willi syndrome, intrauterine growth restriction, and chr
 
    96           SNRPN is located within the 
Prader-
Willi and Angelman syndrome (PWS/AS) region that contain
 
    97 (rs4906844 and rs11633924) within the 
Prader-
Willi and Angelman syndrome region on chromosome 15q12 s
 
    98 iguous with breakpoint 3 (BP3) of the 
Prader-
Willi and Angelman syndrome region, extending 3.95 Mb di
 
    99  determining the genetic basis of the 
Prader-
Willi and Angelman syndromes; disorders in which genomic
 
   100 andidate genes/regions, including the 
Prader-
Willi chromosomal region (PWS), the human homologue of t
 
   101 on of growth suppressors, such as the 
Prader-
Willi gene NECDIN, whose function was confirmed by overe
 
   102 s show altered DNA methylation in the 
Prader-
Willi imprinted region and ectopic expression of the Mag
 
   103                       Deletion of the 
Prader-
Willi imprinting center (PWS-IC) within 15q11.2-13.3 dis
 
   104  gene located at 15q11-13, within the 
Prader-
Willi region.                                           
 
   105  human genome are associated with the 
Prader-
Willi Syndrome (PWS) and Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome (BW
 
   106  chromosome 15q11-q13 encompasses the 
Prader-
Willi syndrome (PWS) and the Angelman syndrome (AS) loci
 
   107                                   The 
Prader-
Willi syndrome (PWS) genetic interval contains several b
 
   108                                   The 
Prader-
Willi syndrome (PWS) is caused by genomic alterations th
 
   109 luster of four imprinted genes in the 
Prader-
Willi syndrome (PWS) locus on chromosome 7 and genes fro
 
   110 llest deletion region involved in the 
Prader-
Willi syndrome (PWS) within chromosome 15q11-q13.       
 
   111 ve been implicated as a cause for the 
Prader-
Willi syndrome (PWS).                                   
 
   112                                   The 
Prader-
Willi syndrome (PWS)/Angelman syndrome (AS) region, on h
 
   113 strated several manifestations of the 
Prader-
Willi syndrome but was clinically atypical.             
 
   114 ressed, imprinted gene located in the 
Prader-
Willi syndrome critical region (chromosome 15q11-q13).  
 
   115 y expressed transcripts mapped to the 
Prader-
Willi syndrome critical region.                         
 
   116                                   The 
Prader-
Willi syndrome IC (PWS-IC) on human chromosome 15 and mo
 
   117 own to be positively regulated by the 
Prader-
Willi syndrome imprinting center (PWS-IC).              
 
   118  upstream break may contribute to the 
Prader-
Willi syndrome phenotype and that expression of SNRPN or
 
   119 , H19, and IPW (imprinted gene in the 
Prader-
Willi syndrome region), which are transcribed but not tr
 
   120 or uniparental disomy, results in the 
Prader-
Willi syndrome.                                         
 
   121 ome 15 (inv dup[15]) that include the 
Prader-
Willi syndrome/Angelman syndrome (PWS/AS) chromosomal re
 
   122                                   The 
Prader-
Willi syndrome/Angelman syndrome (PWS/AS) imprinted doma
 
   123 but not any imprinting defects in the 
Prader-
Willi syndrome/Angelman syndrome region.                
 
   124  studies of genomic imprinting in the 
Prader-
Willi/Angelman domain, an agouti coat color cassette was
 
   125 ion analysis within and distal to the 
Prader-
Willi/Angelman syndrome critical region (PWACR).        
 
   126 50 kbp deletions at 15q11.2, near the 
Prader-
Willi/Angelman syndrome critical region, in 0.8% of affe
 
   127 tic disorder with duplications of the 
Prader-
Willi/Angelman syndrome critical region, we screened sev
 
   128            Imprinted genes within the 
Prader-
Willi/Angelman syndrome region of human chromosome 15q11
 
   129 ;q11.2)-involving breakage within the 
Prader-
Willi/Angelman syndrome region of the paternal homologue
 
   130 ad an interstitial duplication of the 
Prader-
Willi/Angelman syndrome region on chromosome 15q, which,
 
   131 t also be therapeutically relevant to 
Prader-
Willi syndrome, characterized after infancy by hyperghre
 
   132                                Unlike 
Prader-
Willi and Angelman syndromes, no chromosomal deletions h
 
   133  contribution from the locus, whereas 
Prader-
Willi syndrome results from the absence of paternally ex
 
   134 inted gene expression associated with 
Prader-
Willi syndrome (PWS) and Angelman syndrome (AS) is contr
 
   135 r stimuli are absent in patients with 
Prader-
Willi syndrome (PWS) during wakefulness.                
 
   136                    Some patients with 
Prader-
Willi Syndrome (PWS) have symptoms of constipation, but 
 
   137 ormone (hGH) therapy in children with 
Prader-
Willi syndrome (PWS) improves linear growth, body compos
 
   138 n identified in several families with 
Prader-
Willi syndrome (PWS) or Angelman syndrome who show epige
 
   139                        A patient with 
Prader-
Willi syndrome (PWS) was found to carry a de novo balanc
 
   140 he chromosomal region associated with 
Prader-
Willi Syndrome (PWS), are highly enriched in the SCN.   
 
   141 nt characteristic of individuals with 
Prader-
Willi syndrome (PWS).                                   
 
   142 to task switching in individuals with 
Prader-
Willi syndrome (PWS).                                   
 
   143                         Children with 
Prader-
Willi syndrome lack a paternally derived copy of the pro
 
   144 oss of MAGEL2 is also associated with 
Prader-
Willi syndrome, a neurodevelopmental genetic disorder.  
 
   145 ccounts for >95% of all patients with 
Prader-
Willi syndrome.                                         
 
   146 ral that are deleted in patients with 
Prader-
Willi syndrome.                                         
 
   147 581G, and p.T714A) in 4 children with 
Prader-
Willi-like syndrome features (including severe obesity) 
 
   148 IM1 was sequenced in 44 children with 
Prader-
Willi-like syndrome features, 198 children with severe e