ライフサイエンスコーパス: Z-DNA

1 Z-DNA conformation in the d(CG)n sequences was assayed b

2 Z-DNA formation in the WC gene (c-myc) was affected diff

3 Z-DNA formation in this sequence was detected at the bas

4 Z-DNA forms sequence-specifically with a preference for

5 Z-DNA, the left-handed conformer of DNA, is stabilized b

6 Z-DNA-binding domains of other proteins are equally effe

7 Z-DNA-binding protein 1 (ZBP1), initially reported as an

8 Z-DNA-forming sequences in selected plasmids were identi

9 Z-DNA/RNA is recognised by Z-binding domains (ZBDs), whi

10 Among the 11 Z-DNA segments tested, five were found to be clustered i

11 ith the crystal structure of the (Zalpha)(2)/Z-DNA complex shows that most Z-DNA contacting residues

12 tide-repeat sequence that is able to adopt a Z-DNA conformation both in vitro and in vivo and interac

13 e promoter region induced or stabilized by a Z-DNA-binding protein can act as a cis-element in gene r

14 upercoiled plasmids only when they contain a Z-DNA forming insert, such as (dC-dG)13.

15 quence stimulates gene activity by forming a Z-DNA secondary structure.

16 in with a short poly(G:C) stem which forms a Z-DNA structure.

17 om an interferon-responsible promoter, has a Z-DNA/Z-RNA binding domain at its N-terminus.

18 ws that the bases pair as designed, but in a Z-DNA conformation.

19 igh-resolution non-disordered structure of a Z-DNA hexamer containing two AT base pairs in the interi

20 The crystal structure of a Z-DNA hexamer duplex d(CGCGCG)(2) determined at ultra hi

21 have hypothesized that the recognition of a Z-DNA sequence by the Zalpha(ADAR1) domain is context sp

22 Here we report the construction of a Z-DNA specific binding protein, with the peptide KGKGKGK

23 we describe the effects of the presence of a Z-DNA-forming DNA sequence on the basal levels of expres

24 We have used binding of a Z-DNA-specific antibody in metabolically active, permeab

25 Previously, we reported a Z-DNA-forming negative regulatory element (NRE) in ADAM-

26 profound effect in conferring stability to a Z-DNA conformation via electrostatic complementarity and

27 ystem, the reporter gene is activated when a Z-DNA-specific binding domain is fused with an activatio

28 nce of Z-DNA was detected by cleavage with a Z-DNA specific nuclease, by undermethylation using Z-DNA

29 Experiments were carried out with a Z-DNA-binding protein domain from the editing enzyme, do

30 Supercoiled plasmids were incubated with a Z-DNA-specific antibody (Z22) and passed over a protein

31 cal library values with the present accurate Z-DNA parameters, shows in general a good agreement, but

32 In addition, Z-DNA is stabilized by a substantially higher concentrat

33 iched between the blunt-ends of two adjacent Z-DNA duplexes, while the overhanging base of the opposi

34 moters, or regions with the ability to adopt Z-DNA conformation, have been hypothesized to enhance re

35 e loop connecting beta2 to beta3 that affect Z-DNA binding.

36 NA decamer d(GCACGCGTGC) and the alternating Z-DNA decamer d(GCGCGCGCGC) and discussed in terms of th

37 observed that methylation of the alternating Z-DNA oligomer d(GCGCGCGCGC), which starts with a 5'-pur

38 es are in dynamic equilibrium between B- and Z-DNA conformations.

39 that related domains may bind to both B- and Z-DNA.

40 e number of ligands that bind to both B- and Z-DNA.

41 or competitive spermine binding to B-DNA and Z-DNA, we can make predictions for how potential Z-DNA s

42 can, respectively, form G-quadruplex DNA and Z-DNA.

43 ormations including strand-separated DNA and Z-DNA.

44 ion of distorted junctions between B-DNA and Z-DNA.

45 both the effects of single substitutions and Z-DNA selectivity seen with Fv and intact Ab.

46 adapter-inducing interferon-beta (TRIF) and Z-DNA-binding protein 1 (ZBP1)/DNA-dependent activator o

47 The contacts between Zalpha and Z-DNA are made primarily with the "zigzag" sugar-phospha

48 mAb Z22 is a highly selective IgG anti-Z-DNA Ab from an immunized C57BL/6 mouse.

49 lated VH domain of immunization-induced anti-Z-DNA Ab resembles the activity of natural autoantibodie

50 -DNA from a sequence known to crystallize as Z-DNA.

51 t on the stability of d(CG) dinucleotides as Z-DNA.

52 handed conformer of dsDNA and dsRNA known as Z-DNA/Z-RNA.

53 We conclude that Z-RNA as well as Z-DNA can be accommodated in the tailored binding site o

54 Downscaled to B-Z DNA these ideas lead to interesting possibilities rega

55 l reaction coordinates, to investigate the B-Z-DNA transition at the atomic level.

56 Due to the complexity of the B-Z-DNA transition, experimental and computational studies

57 We find that the B-Z-DNA transition--in absence of other molecular partners

58 ending, stretching, and torsional behaviors; Z-DNA to be at least three-fold stiffer than random-sequ

59 ls depends on the virus-encoded bifunctional Z-DNA/double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-binding protein E3.

60 We propose that FACT can recognize and bind Z-DNA or DNA in transition from a B to Z form.

61 only in the context of Zab and does not bind Z-DNA as a separate entity.

62 orating a related protein that does not bind Z-DNA is not pathogenic, but a mutation that creates Z-D

63 larity to the Zalpha motif but does not bind Z-DNA, and with a mutant of hZbeta(ADAR1), which binds Z

64 ues in free Zalpha are prepositioned to bind Z-DNA, thus minimizing the entropic cost of binding.

65 rminal domain depends on its ability to bind Z-DNA; Z-DNA-binding domains from unrelated mammalian pr

66 Zalpha alone is capable of binding Z-DNA with high affinity, whereas Zbeta alone has little

67 f mAb Z22 and that the VH domain alone binds Z-DNA with an affinity similar to that of whole variable

68 These data show that Z alpha binds Z-DNA in an environment similar to that in a cell.

69 with a mutant of hZbeta(ADAR1), which binds Z-DNA.

70 romosome 22 genomic sequence shows that both Z-DNA forming regions (ZDRs) and promoter sites for nucl

71 The number of spermine accommodated by Z-DNA (nZ) is sequence-dependent [nZ = 0.6 spermine per

72 the extent of transcriptional enhancement by Z-DNA is promoter-specific and determined by its separat

73 Alternatively, Zab may capture Z-DNA that exists transiently in solution.

74 as been replaced in Zab with Zalpha, cleaves Z-DNA regions in supercoiled plasmids more efficiently t

75 ecognize B-DNA, is used by Zalpha to contact Z-DNA.

76 Twenty recombinant plasmids containing Z-DNA-forming sequences of H. halobium were isolated fro

77 onally regulated by a mechanism that couples Z-DNA with NFI activation, similar to the mechanism prev

78 not pathogenic, but a mutation that creates Z-DNA binding makes a lethal virus.

79 ce-dependent structures, such as cruciforms, Z-DNA, or H-DNA, even though they are not favored by con

80 triplexes, quadruplexes, hairpin/cruciforms, Z-DNA and single-stranded looped-out structures with imp

81 Mutations decreasing Z-DNA binding in the chimera correlate with decreases in

82 rations (> 10 microM), spermine destabilizes Z-DNA.

83 ide steps, traditionally thought to disfavor Z-DNA, can be incorporated within heterogeneous Z-DNA co

84 sm by demonstrating the ability of a distant Z-DNA-forming site to compete with the superhelical dest

85 n different DNA conformations such as B-DNA, Z-DNA and S-DNA.

86 domain depends on its ability to bind Z-DNA; Z-DNA-binding domains from unrelated mammalian proteins

87 g of Zab to potential as well as established Z-DNA segments suggests that the range of biological sub

88 The BAF complex facilitates Z-DNA formation in a nucleosomal template in vitro.

89 ring under energetic conditions, which favor Z-DNA formation.

90 d interacts with hZalpha(ADAR1), a bona fide Z-DNA-binding protein.

91 Mutations that decrease affinity for Z-DNA have similar effects in decreasing pathogenicity.

92 eavy chain CDR3 amino acids are critical for Z-DNA binding by the single chain variable fragment (scF

93 G)(n) inserts, which require less energy for Z-DNA induction compared to other sequences.

94 acterizing sequence-specific preferences for Z-DNA formation and B-Z junction localization within het

95 e purine-pyrimidine alternation required for Z-DNA formation was disrupted.

96 ne-hybrid assay, we compared the results for Z-DNA binding of vZ(E3L) with those for human Zbeta(ADAR

97 We have thus identified a novel role for Z-DNA-binding domains in mammalian cells.

98 The intrinsic affinity of spermine for Z-DNA is approximately 10 times higher for d(CA/TG) (KZP

99 g tandem GT repeats, which are known to form Z-DNA and interact with several components of the recomb

100 ed for CA repeats with the potential to form Z-DNA.

101 such as the propensity of AC tracts to form Z-DNA.

102 g pyrimidine-purine sequences typically form Z-DNA, with the pyrimidines in the anti and purines in t

103 tory effect on T7 transcription results from Z-DNA formation in the (CG)(14) sequence rather than fro

104 deficiency than from E. coli, 20-40% greater Z-DNA formation was found in d(CG)4-6 sequences.

105 cosmid library using the cloned H. halobium Z-DNA segments as probe.

106 eaminase 1 binds specifically to left-handed Z-DNA and stabilizes the Z-conformation.

107 conformation similar to that of left-handed Z-DNA and suggests the involvement of unusual DNA struct

108 of topological coupling between left-handed Z-DNA and the regulation of promoter activity.

109 ows apparent specificity for the left-handed Z-DNA conformation adopted by alternating (dGdC) polymer

110 ) that binds specifically to the left-handed Z-DNA conformation with high affinity (KD = 4 nM).

111 GCGCGCGC) was found to be in the left-handed Z-DNA conformation.

112 h, DNA supercoiling, and salt in left-handed Z-DNA formation, plasmids containing short d(CG)n sequen

113 Since its discovery in 1979, left-handed Z-DNA has evolved from an in vitro curiosity to a challe

114 Left-handed Z-DNA structure is favored by the alternating (dC-dG)n s

115 Conditions favoring left-handed Z-DNA such as high salinity (> 4 ), high negative DNA su

116 n, (ii) the self-organization of left-handed Z-DNA with alternating [dC-dG] sequences in the solid st

117 the four-stranded G-quadruplex, left-handed Z-DNA, cruciform and others.

118 Left-handed Z-DNA, RNA, and a DNA-RNA hybrid were also represented.

119 with the C(anti)-G(syn) step in left-handed Z-DNA.

120 n, Zalpha, which is specific for left-handed Z-DNA.

121 red DNA conformations, including left-handed Z-DNA.

122 pha, which is sufficient to bind left-handed Z-DNA; however, the substrate binding is strikingly diff

123 ith a 5'-pyrimidine usually form left-handed Z-DNA; however, with a 5'-purine start sequence they for

124 the nonclassical left-handed double-helical Z-DNA structure.

125 NA, can be incorporated within heterogeneous Z-DNA containing B-Z junctions upon binding to the Zalph

126 an affinity chromatography method with high Z-DNA selection efficiency was developed.

127 However, Z-DNA formation was not observed with Pb(2+).

128 structures form six base-pairs of identical Z-DNA duplexes with single nucleotides overhanging at th

129 Recently, we identified Z DNA binding protein 1 (ZBP1), a sensor of cytoplasmic

130 We have recently identified Z-DNA-binding protein 1 (ZBP1) as an innate sensor of in

131 Moreover, we identify Z-DNA binding protein 1 (ZBP1) as being essential for IR

132 contribute to GC-rich sequences occurring in Z DNA with a higher frequency than AT-rich sequences.

133 In Z-DNA-promoting conditions, however, these domains switc

134 )5, with 20% of d(CG)4, and 90% of d(CG)5 in Z-DNA conformation.

135 Thus, changes in Z-DNA formation in the CRH gene are gene specific and ar

136 Surprisingly, no significant difference in Z-DNA formation could be detected in d(CG)3-17 sequences

137 that mutation of key amino acids involved in Z-DNA/RNA binding in ZBP1's ZBDs prevented necroptosis u

138 BRG1 disrupts this nucleosome and results in Z-DNA formation.

139 A structure predictions available, including Z-DNA motifs, quadruplex-forming motifs, inverted repeat

140 uch sequences results in a complex including Z-DNA, B-DNA, and two B-Z junctions.

141 non-B DNA-forming sequence motifs, including Z-DNA, G-quadruplex, A-phased repeats, inverted repeats,

142 n DNA supercoiling is insufficient to induce Z-DNA formation.

143 h a 5'-purine; also, the length of the inner Z-DNA stretch (d(CG)n) is reduced from an octamer to a t

144 Z junction and subsequently converts it into Z-DNA via the so-called passive mechanism.

145 finity and flips any favorable sequence into Z-DNA, resulting in a high affinity complex.

146 cate that the incorporation of CC steps into Z-DNA is driven by favorable sequence-specific Z-Z and B

147 od, starting with d(pGpC) of the isomorphous Z-DNA hexamer d(araC-dG)3 without the 2'-OH group of ara

148 some teleost species another protein kinase, Z-DNA-dependent protein kinase (PKZ), plays a similar ro

149 In mice, Z-DNA-binding activity of the N-terminal domain of E3L (

150 Moreover, Z-DNA forms in a (TG) x (CA) tract within the complex re

151 he (Zalpha)(2)/Z-DNA complex shows that most Z-DNA contacting residues in free Zalpha are preposition

152 f the dinucleotide-repeat-element with a non-Z-DNA-forming sequence inhibited NRE function.

153 of the least-hydrated and most-condensed non-Z-DNA duplexes.

154 e in the syn conformation, characteristic of Z-DNA.

155 The structural characteristics of Z-DNA were used to challenge the selectivity of guanine

156 The distribution of Z-DNA-forming sequences in the Halobacterium salinarum G

157 provide direct evidence for the existence of Z-DNA in peptide-DNA complexes.

158 virus has sequence similarity to a family of Z-DNA binding proteins of defined three-dimensional stru

159 )), which is similar to the Zalpha family of Z-DNA-binding proteins, are required for infection.

160 deling enzyme, BRG1, results in formation of Z-DNA at the TG repeat sequence located within the promo

161 base pairs not only resist the formation of Z-DNA but can also assist the formation of A-DNA by swit

162 ription is not required for the formation of Z-DNA but does result in an expanded region of Z-DNA.

163 rmeabilized nuclei to study the formation of Z-DNA in this sequence at various levels of transcriptio

164 As formation of Z-DNA in vivo occurs 5' to, or behind, a moving RNA poly

165 -hybrid system is made in which formation of Z-DNA is studied near a minimal promoter site where it c

166 d structural changes, including formation of Z-DNA, play an important role in the catalytic function

167 x Pu sequences potentiates the formation of Z-DNA.

168 that NHEJ plays a role in the generation of Z-DNA-induced large-scale deletions, suggesting that thi

169 e more compact three-dimensional geometry of Z-DNA, both water and salt are found to strongly stabili

170 rations prevented parallel investigations of Z-DNA, formed by oligonucleotides.

171 Thus, the occurrence of Z-DNA across human genomic sequences mirrors that of a k

172 The presence of Z-DNA was detected by cleavage with a Z-DNA specific nuc

173 ymerase during transcription, recognition of Z-DNA by DRADA1 provides a plausible mechanism by which

174 functional data suggest that recognition of Z-DNA by Zalpha involves residues in both the alpha3 hel

175 atively supertwisted and develop a region of Z-DNA.

176 DNA but does result in an expanded region of Z-DNA.

177 t may specifically direct protein regions of Z-DNA induced by negative supercoiling in actively trans

178 ctive transcription may increase the risk of Z-DNA-related genetic instability.

179 The role of Z-DNA-binding proteins in vivo is explored in yeast.

180 for further study of the biological role of Z-DNA.

181 The relative stabilization of Z-DNA by salt increases with increasing bulk salt concen

182 This accounts for the stabilization of Z-DNA by spermine.

183 -DNA specific proteins for future studies of Z-DNA in vitro and in vivo.

184 inity but discriminates between sequences of Z-DNAs.

185 B-induced apoptosis in HeLa cells depends on Z-DNA binding of the E3L Z alpha domain.

186 y solvating both charged and polar groups on Z-DNA more favorably than B-DNA.

187 Finally, we show that Z-RNA or Z-DNA binding is important for stress granule localizati

188 ation reporter system flanked by triplex- or Z-DNA-forming sequences.

189 ZIP also has potential for engineering other Z-DNA specific proteins for future studies of Z-DNA in v

190 nally show that the Zalpha domain from other Z-DNA-binding proteins (ZBP1, E3L) is likewise sufficien

191 When other Z-DNA-binding domains are substituted for the similar E3

192 ess favorable by 3.5 kcal/mol than a perfect Z-DNA sequence.

193 factor I (NFI) binding sites, and potential Z-DNA forming regions (ZDRs) as representative structura

194 A, we can make predictions for how potential Z-DNA sequences found in the human genome are affected b

195 results reveal that mammalian cells process Z-DNA-forming sequences in a strikingly different fashio

196 se a model in which the BAF complex promotes Z-DNA formation which, in turn, stabilizes the open chro

197 mulatory effect exerted by promoter proximal Z-DNA is not affected by helical phasing relative to the

198 element, by interacting with these putative Z-DNA-binding proteins, is involved in the maintenance o

199 ints are often mapped near purine-pyrimidine Z-DNA-forming sequences in human tumors.

200 ich has been shown to specifically recognize Z-DNA.

201 itutions that eliminated or markedly reduced Z-DNA binding by scFv instead caused a modest increase o

202 iation with a highly polymorphic regulatory, Z-DNA-forming microsatellite of (GT/AC)n dinucleotides w

203 This activation also requires Z-DNA binding of the N-terminal domain of E3L.

204 the activation of the CSF1 promoter requires Z-DNA-forming sequences that are converted to Z-DNA stru

205 , circular dichroism (CD) study has revealed Z-DNA formation with the monovalent metal ions, Zn(2+) a

206 3')2 dodecamers in solution in B-DNA, A-RNA, Z-DNA and Z-RNA forms.

207 In contrast, the same Z-DNA-forming CG repeat in Escherichia coli resulted in

208 tic repulsions among the more closely spaced Z-DNA phosphates destabilize this form compared to B-DNA

209 obalt hexaammine that are known to stabilize Z-DNA.

210 umes a left-handed double helical structure (Z-DNA), whereas the unmethylated (dC-dG)(4) analog remai

211 The left-handed DNA structure, Z-DNA, is believed to play important roles in gene expre

212 In order to identify and study Z-DNA regions of the H. halobium genome, an affinity chr

213 to separate C-terminal dsRNA- and N-terminal Z-DNA-binding domains.

214 e deaminase (ADAR1), contains two N-terminal Z-DNA-binding motifs, Zalpha and Zbeta, the function of

215 more, our results reveal that the N-terminal Z-DNA/RNA binding domain of vaccinia virulence factor E3

216 data presented in this report establish that Z-DNA formation is an important mechanism in modulating

217 Earlier, we found that Z-DNA causes DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in mammalia

218 rovides additional support to the model that Z-DNA binding proteins may regulate biological processes

219 We show that Z-DNA suppressor operates by interaction with methyl-CpG

220 Here, we show that Z-DNA-forming sequences induce high levels of genetic in

221 hin heterogeneous sequences and suggest that Z-DNA can in principle propagate into a wider range of g

222 These findings suggest that Z-DNA formation in chromatin is a part of the "genomic c

223 Our data suggest that Z-DNA-forming sequences may be causative factors for gen

224 ng relative to the TATA box, suggesting that Z-DNA effects transcription without interacting with the

225 This result suggests that Z-DNA formation in the promoter region induced or stabil

226 This result suggests that Z-DNA formation proximally upstream of a promoter is suf

227 serine with threonine at residue 186 in the Z DNA-binding domain differentially affects its ability

228 We now report that serine residue 186 in the Z DNA-binding domain plays an important role in the abil

229 Conservation within the Z DNA binding domain has also been assessed.

230 The Z-DNA model generated with ultra high-resolution diffrac

231 Formation of sequences by both BRG1 and the Z-DNA is required for effective chromatin remodeling of

232 ls in the presence or absence of HR, and the Z-DNA-induced mutations were characterized.

233 i-polymerlike structure that has assumed the Z-DNA conformation further strengthened by the long inne

234 Compounds that block the Z-DNA-binding activity of E3L may also limit infection b

235 In mammalian cells, the Z-DNA-forming sequences induce double-strand breaks near

236 ence of the flanking sequence containing the Z-DNA-forming tract reduced the extent of slipped-strand

237 tranded RNA deaminase I (ADAR1) contains the Z-DNA binding domain Zalpha.

238 RNA binding domain and a region covering the Z-DNA binding domain and the nuclear export signal compr

239 by transcription, as recently shown for the Z-DNA forming sequence (CG)(14), which causes genomic in

240 al transcription of the reporter gene if the Z-DNA-binding protein is expressed in the cell.

241 ults expose higher-order complexities in the Z-DNA code within heterogeneous sequences and suggest th

242 he two br5C-modified DNA nonamers are in the Z-DNA conformation in 50% methanol solution.

243 d(GCGCGCGCGC) with a 5'-purine start in the Z-DNA form.

244 Deletions in the Z-DNA- or dsRNA-binding domains led to activation of sig

245 This difference in the Z-DNA-induced mutation spectrum between mammals and bact

246 different DSB repair pathways influenced the Z-DNA-induced mutagenesis, we engineered bacterial E.col

247 (M246), which retains the second half of the Z-DNA binding domain, all RNA binding domains, and the d

248 ng plasmid was demonstrated per cycle of the Z-DNA selection procedure.

249 However, mutation of the Z-DNA-binding domains of ADAR1 decreased the efficiency

250 rivative, up to 4,000-fold enrichment of the Z-DNA-containing plasmid was demonstrated per cycle of t

251 We propose the Z-DNA formation induced by BRG1 promotes a transition fr

252 he putative nuclear localization signal, the Z-DNA binding domain, and the entire RNA binding domain

253 repair processing cleavages surrounding the Z-DNA-forming sequence.

254 We also show that the Z-DNA forming transcriptional repressor element, by inte

255 Here, we show that the Z-DNA-binding domain (Zalpha(ADAR1)) exclusively found i

256 This finding suggests that the Z-DNA-forming sequence in the DM2 gene locus may have a

257 assayed by (i) a band shift assay using the Z-DNA-specific Z22 monoclonal antibody (ZIBS assay); (ii

258 ults reported here support a model where the Z-DNA binding motifs target ADAR1 to regions of negative

259 5 M Na+ is significantly perturbed while the Z-DNA domain is less perturbed by the presence of the mi

260 reaction shifted to the junctions within the Z-DNA insert as is common for large reagents.

261 sting that Z alpha nuclease binds within the Z-DNA insert, but cleaves in the nearby B-DNA, by using

262 These Z-DNA-induced double-strand breaks in mammalian cells ar

263 umors is likely due to a marked loss of this Z-DNA-mediated transcriptional suppression function.

264 d inhibiting apoptosis of host cells through Z-DNA binding.

265 the Zalpha motif binds with high affinity to Z-DNA as a dimer, that the binding site is no larger tha

266 rly polypyrimidines, and ssDNA as well as to Z-DNA.

267 effected by the superhelically induced B- to Z-DNA transition in a manner that is both orientation an

268 vides a structural explanation for the B- to Z-DNA transition in this duplex.

269 tive supercoil-induced transition from B- to Z-DNA.

270 was critical for both VH and scFv binding to Z-DNA.

271 conformation in poly(dG-d5meC) and binds to Z-DNA stabilized by bromination with high affinity and s

272 Zalpha is a peptide motif that binds to Z-DNA with high affinity.

273 -DNA-forming sequences that are converted to Z-DNA structure upon activation by the BAF complex.

274 d from E. coli, the transition from B-DNA to Z-DNA occurred from d(CG)4, to d(CG)5, with 20% of d(CG)

275 II)-induced conformation change of GC-DNA to Z-DNA.

276 , the prevalent right-handed form of DNA, to Z-DNA is accomplished.

277 SPA or associated VH-VL dimers bound only to Z-DNA.

278 nating purine/pyrimidines, which is prone to Z-DNA transition, is much stronger than to other types o

279 that the Zalpha(ADAR1) binds specifically to Z-DNA and preferentially to d(CG)(n) inserts, which requ

280 a remarkable ability to bind specifically to Z-DNA and/or Z-RNA.

281 zyme ADAR1 binds tightly and specifically to Z-DNA stabilized by bromination or supercoiling.

282 VL-SPA domains bound weakly to Z-DNA; SPA alone did not bind.

283 gative supercoiling, leading to a local B-to-Z DNA transition.

284 y in vertebrates and is characterized by two Z-DNA-binding motifs, the biological function of which r

285 ded RNA adenosine deaminase, type 1) has two Z-DNA binding motifs, Zalpha and Zbeta, the function of

286 monstrated that T-T and A-A bases in the two Z-DNA duplexes are dynamic and adopt a range of conforma

287 specific nuclease, by undermethylation using Z-DNA sensitive SssI methylase, and by circular dichrois

288 In the context of a B versus Z DNA equilibrium, deoxycytidine favors the Z form over

289 py for determining the fraction of B- versus Z-DNA.

290 In vivo, Z-DNA is generated in the presence of negative supercoil

291 ripts during acute and chronic infection was Z-DNA binding protein 1 (ZBP1).

292 To determine whether Z-DNA binding by VH alone and by Fv involves identical c

293 However, it is not known whether Z-DNA plays a role in the generation of these chromosoma

294 he plasmids using fusion nucleases, in which Z-DNA-binding peptides from the N terminus of double-str

295 a new epigenetic regulatory process in which Z-DNA/MeCP2/NF1 interaction leads to transcriptional sup

296 ncluding a crystal structure in complex with Z-DNA, have focused on the human ADAR1 Zalpha domain in

297 in B cell selection before immunization with Z-DNA.

298 Zalpha and map the interaction surface with Z-DNA, confirming roles previously assigned to residues

299 r p150 WT isoform or the p150 Zalpha (Y177A) Z-DNA-binding mutant of ADAR1 restored suppression of ho

300 ts the RHIM-containing adaptor protein ZBP1 (Z-DNA binding protein 1; also known as DAI or DLM1) from