ライフサイエンスコーパス: abaxial

1 lance between the relative levels of adaxial/abaxial activities, rather than maintenance of boundarie

2 nar filaments exhibit balanced expression of abaxial-adaxial (ab-ad) genes, while overexpression of a

3 l and flower meristems exhibit a fundamental abaxial-adaxial asymmetry.

4 nar expansion occurs as a result of balanced abaxial-adaxial gene expression.

5 Affected leaves have disrupted abaxial-adaxial polarity and fail to repress the express

6 Here, we show that co-option of the abaxial-adaxial polarity gene network plays a role in th

7 enes comprise a genetic system that patterns abaxial-adaxial polarity in lateral organs produced from

8 The molecular genetic mechanisms underlying abaxial-adaxial polarity in plants have been studied as

9 te that the role of INO in the outgrowth and abaxial-adaxial polarity of the outer integument has bee

10 ll as lines demarcating the proximodistal or abaxial/adaxial axes of the organs.

11 tially defined by their roles in determining abaxial/adaxial cell fate in lateral organs of eudicots,

12 contributes both to abaxial cell fate and to abaxial/adaxial juxtaposition-mediated lamina expansion.

13 otyl curvature, apical hook maintenance, and abaxial/adaxial leaf-blade expansion.

14 he structure and chemical composition of the abaxial (always present) and adaxial (occurring only in

15 ) mutant leaves develop distinct adaxial and abaxial anatomical features.

16 nd gene expression patterns suggest that the abaxial and adaxial domains of leaf primordia are import

17 4 h after the deposition of water drops onto abaxial and adaxial surfaces, evidence for water penetra

18 leaf apical, mid-, and basal zones for both abaxial and adaxial surfaces.

19 shed by the distribution of trichomes on the abaxial and adaxial surfaces.

20 phogenesis with patterning along the adaxial-abaxial and the proximal-distal axes.

21 develop proximodistal, dorsoventral (adaxial-abaxial), and mediolateral patterns following initiation

22 also led to a perturbation of normal adaxial-abaxial asymmetry in lateral organs, resulting in the re

23 most of the total variance and that adaxial-abaxial asymmetry is the dominant component of fluctuati

24 Our results suggest that adaxial/abaxial asymmetry of lateral organs is specified in the

25 wth of leaf blades is oriented by an adaxial/abaxial axis aligned with the original axis of polarity

26 Once an adaxial-abaxial axis of polarity is established within organ pri

27 The adaxial-abaxial axis reflects positional differences in the leaf

28 plants display polarity along their adaxial-abaxial axis with distinct cell types forming at differe

29 establish opposing domains along the adaxial-abaxial axis, thus revealing a novel mechanism of patter

30 ia into distinct domains along their adaxial/abaxial axis.

31 ia into distinct domains along their adaxial/abaxial axis.

32 KAN1 act oppositely to regulate the adaxial-abaxial axis.

33 zed organogenic zone prepatterns the adaxial-abaxial axis.

34 y the boundary between the adaxial (top) and abaxial (bottom) domains of the leaf, which are specifie

35 STF is expressed at the adaxial-abaxial boundary layer of leaf primordia and governs org

36 kely refined by signaling across the adaxial-abaxial boundary.

37 side from which embryos develop and from the abaxial callus at five time points over the course of th

38 lysis suggested that the observed changes in abaxial cell elongation rates during ethylene treatment

39 c expression studies suggest that ubiquitous abaxial cell fate and maintenance of a functional apical

40 , polar YABBY expression contributes both to abaxial cell fate and to abaxial/adaxial juxtaposition-m

41 Two primary determinants of abaxial cell fate are members of the KANADI and YABBY ge

42 ily are responsible for the specification of abaxial cell fate in lateral organs of Arabidopsis.

43 appear to have conserved roles in specifying abaxial cell fate in leaves, floral organs and ovules.

44 of these genes is precisely correlated with abaxial cell fate in mutants in which abaxial cell fates

45 KANADI (KAN) transcription factors promote abaxial cell fate throughout plant development and are r

46 implicated in the meristem identity and the abaxial cell fate, and repressed the expression of other

47 s, where YABBY expression is correlated with abaxial cell fate.

48 imordia where it promotes lateral growth and abaxial cell fate.

49 equired late in leaf development to maintain abaxial cell fate.

50 d with abaxial cell fate in mutants in which abaxial cell fates are found ectopically, reduced or eli

51 model in which the juxtaposition of ad- and abaxial cell fates is required for blade outgrowth.

52 NO OUTER (INO) expression is limited to the abaxial cell layer of the incipient and developing outer

53 ble mutant plants, there is a replacement of abaxial cell types by adaxial ones in most lateral organ

54 nts results in progressive transformation of abaxial cell types into adaxial ones and a correlated lo

55 Ectopic leaf flaps develop where adaxial and abaxial cell types juxtapose.

56 leaves, as mutants lacking either adaxial or abaxial cell types often develop radially symmetric late

57 eral organs, resulting in the replacement of abaxial cell types with adaxial cell types.

58 ) mutants exhibit no reduction in adaxial or abaxial cell types, areas of epidermal cell swapping may

59 ple leaves, the specification of adaxial and abaxial cells is important for formation of the leaf bla

60 ponastic leaf movement and cell expansion in abaxial cells of the basal petiole region, while both re

61 er causes AS2 to be ectopically expressed in abaxial cells, resulting in a dominant, adaxialized phen

62 t KAN1 represses the transcription of AS2 in abaxial cells.

63 thetic efficiency, whereas in F. carica, the abaxial cystoliths did not increase photosynthetic effic

64 In F. microcarpa, both adaxial and abaxial cystoliths efficiently contributed to light redi

65 e a gradient of small RNAs that patterns the abaxial determinant AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR3.

66 dependent mechanisms to directly repress the abaxial determinants MIR166A, YABBY5, and AUXIN RESPONSE

67 t the symmetry in the left-right and adaxial-abaxial directions can be considered separately and in c

68 g KANADI transcription factors determine the abaxial domain (future lower side).

69 eins) are expressed in either the adaxial or abaxial domain of organ primordia where they confer thes

70 t in the embryonic meristem, and then in the abaxial domain of the developing leaf.

71 explained by decoupling of the primaxial and abaxial domains and by increases in somite number, not b

72 mediated by the juxtaposition of adaxial and abaxial domains and maintained by WOX homeobox transcrip

73 maintain the distinction between adaxial and abaxial domains in the growing leaf primordium.

74 juxtaposition of upper (adaxial) and lower (abaxial) domains in the developing leaf primordium.

75 teraction between upper (adaxial) and lower (abaxial) domains in the developing primordium.

76 regulating gene expression along the adaxial-abaxial (dorsal-ventral) and proximal-distal polarity ax

77 elop distinct cell types along their adaxial-abaxial (dorsal-ventral) axes.

78 ral organs are polarized along their adaxial-abaxial (dorsal-ventral) axis.

79 In maize, adaxial/abaxial (dorsoventral) leaf polarity is established by a

80 Furthermore, redundant abaxial-enriched ARF repressors suppress WOX1 and PRS ex

81 t that adaxial-expressed MONOPTEROS (MP) and abaxial-enriched auxin together act as positional cues f

82 irg1 mutants is due to complete loss of the abaxial epicuticular wax crystals and reduced surface hy

83 GTL1 expression occurred in abaxial epidermal cells where the protein was localized

84 of rgd2-R mutant plants, swapping of adaxial/abaxial epidermal identity occurs and suggests a model w

85 ssion is limited to cells of the adaxial and abaxial epidermal layers, suggesting that the LACS2 enzy

86 Stomata in abaxial epidermal strips of Arabidopsis ecotype Landsber

87 properties, especially the thickness of the abaxial epidermis and the spongy mesophyll.

88 he main veins in the lemma and glume, and in abaxial epidermis hair cells of the lemma, glume, and ra

89 w that glucosinolates accumulate in the leaf abaxial epidermis in a GTR-independent manner.

90 The presence of Rld1 mutant product in the abaxial epidermis is necessary and sufficient to induce

91 s application of oxalic acid to the detached abaxial epidermis of V. faba leaves induces stomatal ope

92 larged pavement cells, characteristic of the abaxial epidermis of wild type plants, were found in the

93 In addition, they demonstrate the abaxial epidermis sends/receives a cell fate determining

94 a trichome inducer and the competence of the abaxial epidermis to respond to this inducer.

95 ichomes on the adaxial epidermis than on the abaxial epidermis, demonstrating a difference between th

96 plants suppresses trichome initiation on the abaxial epidermis.

97 We also show that the abaxial expression of KAN1 is mediated directly or indir

98 As yet, no abaxial factors have been identified that when compromis

99 l specification, suggesting that it promotes abaxial fate by excluding adaxial identity.

100 GRAM, however, is not needed for abaxial fate in the absence of adaxial cell specificatio

101 likewise repress these genes, which specify abaxial fate.

102 of the KANADI and YABBY genes, which specify abaxial fate.

103 ractions between genes specifying adaxial or abaxial fates function to maintain dorsoventral polarity

104 2), in addition to delayed expression of the abaxial gene FILAMENTOUS FLOWER (FIL) and mis-regulation

105 oventral) leaf polarity is established by an abaxial gradient of microRNA166 (miR166), which spatiall

106 to the highly unwettable and water-repellent abaxial holm oak leaf sides.

107 tween leaf primordium cells with adaxial and abaxial identities is necessary for lateral growth of th

108 eral organs of plants display asymmetry with abaxial identity being specified by members of the Arabi

109 the known roles of KAN proteins in promoting abaxial identity during leaf development.

110 mutants exhibit ectopic accumulation of the abaxial identity factor miR166 in adaxial domains.

111 Here we show that KAN is required for abaxial identity in both leaves and carpels, and encodes

112 e of crabs claw (crc), a gene that specifies abaxial identity in carpels.

113 between genes that promote either adaxial or abaxial identity, but the molecular basis of this intera

114 transcription factors, is a key regulator of abaxial identity, leaf growth, and meristem formation in

115 organ identity and results in repression of abaxial identity, thereby aligning the polarity of organ

116 the specification of cotyledon boundary and abaxial identity.

117 required with ARF3 and ARF4 to maintain the abaxial identity.

118 promoting cell proliferation at the adaxial-abaxial junction.

119 UTA (REV), and is suppressed by mutations in abaxial KANADI genes.

120 re restricted to the leaf margins and to the abaxial lamina, as in extant Roridula gorgonias.

121 ation, with expression later confined to the abaxial layer of the inner integument.

122 that adaxial characters develop in place of abaxial leaf characters.

123 mutations cause a dramatic transformation of abaxial leaf fates into adaxial leaf fates.

124 the establishment and maintenance of adaxial-abaxial leaf polarity.

125 tral patterning by causing adaxialization of abaxial leaf regions.

126 edding contribute to water uptake, while the abaxial leaf side is highly hydrophobic due to its high

127 ges through open stomata from the uninfected abaxial leaf surface for secondary colonization.

128 ce interactions, we analyzed the adaxial and abaxial leaf surface of holm oak (Quercus ilex) as a mod

129 The composition of waxes on abaxial leaf surface of irg1 mutants had >90% reduction

130 due to increased stomatal resistance on the abaxial leaf surface.

131 f "flaps" usually paired around veins on the abaxial leaf surface.

132 Almost all of the stomata are located on the abaxial leaf surface.

133 se pathogen, Colletotrichum trifolii, on the abaxial leaf surface.

134 a reduction in stomatal index on adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces.

135 additive effects regulating flowering time, abaxial leaf trichome initiation and apical dominance.

136 le leaves suggests that the juxtaposition of abaxial (lower) and adaxial (upper) cell fates (dorsiven

137 lter the red light-stimulated quenching from abaxial (lower) guard cells.

138 ) side specialized for light capture, and an abaxial (lower) side specialized for gas exchange.

139 e show that ectopic expression of PNH on the abaxial (lower) sides of lateral organs results in upwar

140 rosette development lack trichomes on their abaxial (lower) surface, leaves produced later have tric

141 ace whereas the opposite leaf surface is the abaxial (lower, ventral) surface.

142 GRAM is expressed in abaxial margins of organ primordia where it promotes lat

143 sistent with the ability of GRAM in only the abaxial most cell layer to direct normal development of

144 niotes, LPM contributes connective tissue to abaxial musculature and forms ventrolateral dermis of th

145 an adaxial side next to the meristem, and an abaxial one away from the meristem.

146 ic transformation of adaxial cell types into abaxial ones, failure of lateral blade expansion, and va

147 information along the radial (adaxial versus abaxial or central versus peripheral) dimension of the p

148 TMV first accumulated in abaxial or external phloem-associated cells in major vei

149 dition to their well-known role in promoting abaxial organ identity.

150 rmation within the SAM, and leads to adaxial/abaxial patterning and mediolateral outgrowth of the lea

151 oteins as proximal-distal as well as adaxial-abaxial patterning determinants.

152 he ASYMMETRIC LEAVES (AS) pathway to adaxial-abaxial patterning in Arabidopsis thaliana and demonstra

153 rogram dependent upon miRNAs governs adaxial-abaxial patterning of leaves and radial patterning of st

154 n be considered to have an adaxial (central)-abaxial (peripheral) polarity.

155 differences between waxes on the adaxial and abaxial petal sides and between epicuticular and intracu

156 The abaxial petal surface is relatively flat, whereas the ad

157 e induces longitudinal cell expansion in the abaxial petiole epidermis to induce hyponasty and simult

158 istem and are asymmetrical along the adaxial/abaxial plane from inception.

159 venile transgenic leaves have normal adaxial/abaxial polarity and generate leaf blades in the normal

160 ting antagonistically to pattern the adaxial-abaxial polarity axis but jointly to pattern the apical-

161 or BOP1 and BOP2 in establishing the adaxial-abaxial polarity axis in the leaf petiole, where they re

162 suggesting that the specification of adaxial/abaxial polarity during vascular and primordia developme

163 2 contribute to the establishment of adaxial-abaxial polarity in plants.

164 Adaxial/abaxial polarity is thought to be necessary for laminar

165 ses suggest that Rmr6 ensures proper adaxial-abaxial polarity of the leaf sheath by limiting the expr

166 together, these findings explain how adaxial-abaxial polarity patterns the mediolateral axis and subs

167 radially symmetrical) leaves lacking adaxial/abaxial polarity.

168 first positional signal described in adaxial-abaxial polarity.

169 Dorsoventral (adaxial/abaxial) polarity of the maize leaf is established in th

170 PHABULOSA-like genes, which in turn suppress abaxial-promoting factors.

171 PHB-like genes and the abaxial-promoting KANADI and YABBY genes appear to be ex

172 n the expression of the previously described abaxial-promoting YABBY genes.

173 ressed in integumentary cells located in the abaxial region of the ovule.

174 expanded from the adaxial to the lateral and abaxial regions of the corolla.

175 TRIC LEAVES2 (AS2) is a direct target of the abaxial regulator KANADI1 (KAN1), and that KAN1 represse

176 omponents, structure, and workings of the ad/abaxial regulatory network directing basic plant growth

177 rs (such as indeterminate domain4) in the ad/abaxial regulatory network.

178 e and give rise to placentas, ovules, septa, abaxial repla, and the majority of the stylar and stigma

179 e adaxial side of the cotyledon, whereas the abaxial side evolves into a callus.

180 e adaxial side faces the meristem, while the abaxial side faces away from the meristem.

181 ses with leaf development, is limited to the abaxial side of the leaf, and is impaired in a few acces

182 e in cell proliferation rate at the proximal abaxial side of the petiole relative to the adaxial side

183 .e. enhanced cell elongation at the proximal abaxial side of the petiole relative to the adaxial side

184 ts development, growing extensively from the abaxial side, but only to a very limited extent from the

185 miRNA166-directed transcript cleavage on the abaxial side.

186 e is nearly equal to wild-type growth on the abaxial side.

187 ntre of the shoot, whereas the future under (abaxial) side develops from cells located more periphera

188 ed longitudinal cell expansion at the lower (abaxial) side of the leaf petiole and involves the volat

189 upper (adaxial) side of leaves to the lower (abaxial) side to create a gradient of small RNAs that pa

190 PAHs on the adaxial and abaxial sides of a leaf were differentiated for the firs

191 s are generally different on the adaxial and abaxial sides of the leaf.

192 tent expression of mutant transcripts on the abaxial site.

193 en primaxial muscle of the somite proper and abaxial somite-derived migratory muscle precursors.

194 cells of specific stem/leaf junctions in an abaxial-specific pattern and in the shoot apical meriste

195 1 (SDD1) expression and an ~25% reduction in abaxial stomatal density.

196 nd to neither epaxial/hypaxial nor primaxial/abaxial subdivisions.

197 wth around the perimeter and across the leaf abaxial surface leads to a change in 3D form, as predict

198 The abaxial surface of ant petals contains features such as

199 ver, the thickness of the cutin layer on the abaxial surface of lacs2 leaves was only 22.3 +/- 1.7 nm

200 nt, and a set of subepidermal cells near the abaxial surface of the anther.

201 Approximately two-thirds of the abaxial surface water barrier was found to reside in the

202 ve trichomes on their adaxial, but not their abaxial surface, whereas leaves produced later in rosett

203 as a modified leaf that bears a seed on its abaxial surface.

204 airs) on their adaxial surface but not their abaxial surface.

205 n in vascular bundles, particularly on their abaxial surface.

206 urface is usually different from the bottom (abaxial) surface in both simple and compound leaves.

207 nthocyanic/ridged regions, and on the lower (abaxial) surface, which is entirely smooth.

208 trating a difference between the adaxial and abaxial surfaces in their response to GA with regard to

209 x crystalline structures on both adaxial and abaxial surfaces of mature leaves.

210 f all rosette leaves but are absent from the abaxial surfaces of the first-formed leaves.

211 adialized leaves with outgrowth tissues from abaxial surfaces, and sterile flowers.

212 and 1.5 x 10(4) s m(-1) for the adaxial and abaxial surfaces, respectively.

213 icient to specify the development of ectopic abaxial tissues in lateral organs.

214 ription factor genes cause transformation of abaxial to adaxial leaf fates by altering a microRNA com

215 Photoperiod sensitivity of abaxial trichome formation on WT plants develops gradual

216 in stem elongation, flowering time, and leaf abaxial trichome initiation are suppressed by rga.

217 defects of gal-3 including stem growth, leaf abaxial trichome initiation, flowering time, and apical

218 Phenotypes rescued include abaxial trichome initiation, rosette radius, flowering t

219 nts grown in LD conditions produce the first abaxial trichome on earlier leaves than plants grown in

220 We found that the timing of abaxial trichome production and the extent to which brac

221 We show that the onset of abaxial trichome production is insensitive to floral ind

222 idopsis and present evidence indicating that abaxial trichome production is regulated by both the lev

223 ze, hydathode number and the distribution of abaxial trichomes along the length of the leaf.

224 The production of abaxial trichomes appears to be regulated by the age, ra

225 Leaf shape and the total number of abaxial trichomes are affected by FLC independently of i

226 The production of abaxial trichomes is coordinated with the reproductive d

227 ect on the time at which the first leaf with abaxial trichomes is produced.

228 ntified in a screen for mutants that produce abaxial trichomes on these first two leaves.

229 The abaxial trichomes were composed of 8% soluble waxes, 49%

230 sitive mutant gai-1 exhibit delayed onset of abaxial trichomes when grown in LD conditions.

231 , but the distribution and overall number of abaxial trichomes, as well as several other leaf traits

232 e or decrease the number of leaves that lack abaxial trichomes, but have only a minor effect on the t

233 hat accelerate the production of leaves with abaxial trichomes.

234 ng in SD conditions accelerates the onset of abaxial trichomes.

235 pends on the proper specification of adaxial-abaxial (upper-lower) polarity.

236 arying degree of asymmetry along the adaxial/abaxial (upper/lower) axis.

237 tructures with distinct adaxial (dorsal) and abaxial (ventral) sides.