ライフサイエンスコーパス: aboveground

1 ii) responses belowground would mirror those aboveground.

2 te difference was larger than the difference aboveground.

3 ase CUE, and the fraction of GPP partitioned aboveground.

4 n controlling how plants respond defensively aboveground.

5 uct plants that would mobilize more arsenate aboveground.

6 Here we show how aboveground adults and belowground larvae of the tallow

7 Conspecific aboveground adults facilitate belowground larvae, but ot

8 important mediators of interactions between aboveground (AG) and belowground (BG) pathogens, arthrop

9 lsewhere, N addition significantly increased aboveground (AGB) and belowground biomass (BGB), litter

10 Canopy warming caused a large shift in aboveground allocation by stimulating season-long vegeta

11 timated to be 247 Gt C, with 193 Gt C stored aboveground and 54 Gt C stored belowground in roots.

12 We determined the associations between plant aboveground and belowground (root) distributions and the

13 All modelling that includes major aboveground and belowground biomass pools shows a long-t

14 Interactions between aboveground and belowground biota have the potential to

15 independently, yet their combined effect on aboveground and belowground C storage remains largely un

16 enever possible, simultaneously measure both aboveground and belowground CO2 fluxes.

17 hibition to co-occur, likely shaping diverse aboveground and belowground communities.

18 art inter- and intraspecific interactions in aboveground and belowground compartments.

19 g in strong and reciprocal links between the aboveground and belowground components of a North Americ

20 Aboveground and belowground factors play important roles

21 Conspecific and heterospecific aboveground and belowground herbivores often occur toget

22 arbon density of 140 +/- 9 MgC ha(-1) in the aboveground and belowground live trees.

23 formation pertaining to the diversity of the aboveground and belowground microbes associated with pla

24 , we report the effects of elevated CO(2) on aboveground and belowground net primary productivity (NP

25 ile preserving the essential balance between aboveground and belowground organs.

26 Aboveground and belowground perennial plant biomass was

27 alibrate a model that can project integrated aboveground and belowground responses to nitrogen and cl

28 However, NSC in older aboveground and belowground tissues was enriched in (14)

29 ation and reallocation of carbon among plant aboveground and belowground tissues.

30 on that had accumulated at elevated CO(2) in aboveground and coarse root biomass.

31 kely due to the large accumulation of carbon aboveground and in the surface soil.

32 We documented different patterns of aboveground-belowground diversity relationships in these

33 multigeneration experiment that manipulated aboveground-belowground feedbacks between plants and soi

34 negative consequences by restoring positive aboveground-belowground interactions.

35 This study sheds new light on the potential aboveground-belowground linkage in natural ecosystems, w

36 wground contributes significantly to shaping aboveground biodiversity and the functioning of terrestr

37 The consequences of deforestation for aboveground biodiversity have been a scientific and poli

38 Positive impacts of aboveground biodiversity on belowground communities and

39 average of 91%), followed by litter (8%) and aboveground biomass (<1%).

40 combined two existing datasets of vegetation aboveground biomass (AGB) (Proceedings of the National A

41 re, we present the first field assessment of aboveground biomass (AGB) across three main forest types

42 tions to examine changes in distribution and aboveground biomass (AGB) among five different forest ty

43 Deadwood is a major component of aboveground biomass (AGB) in tropical forests and is imp

44 osphorus (SAP), soil NH4(+)-N, soil NO3(-)N, aboveground biomass (AGB), coverage, height, and litter

45 ception (epsilon(i)) and its conversion into aboveground biomass (epsilon(ca)).

46 lted in an approximately 40-fold increase in aboveground biomass and a 20-fold increase in plant cove

47 is treatment also prompted a 23% increase in aboveground biomass and a 49% increase in foliar N pools

48 Aboveground biomass and density of the understory decrea

49 noculated with CMV had significantly reduced aboveground biomass and flower production relative to co

50 sand grain weight, warming had no impacts on aboveground biomass and grain yield traits.

51 so restrain dust storms through accumulating aboveground biomass and increasing surface roughness.

52 Pooled correlations between aboveground biomass and nodule number and nodule biomass

53 We quantified the changes in aboveground biomass and NPP resulting from (i) observed

54 Aboveground biomass and root growth were also limited wi

55 arcity of inventories where carbon stocks in aboveground biomass and species identifications have bee

56 Seed addition enhanced aboveground biomass and species richness compared with n

57 n Spartina while significantly lowering live aboveground biomass and stem density of Juncus.

58 nd raise new questions regarding the role of aboveground biomass as a source of atmospheric H2 and me

59 are needed to develop accurate estimates of aboveground biomass at landscape scales.

60 chastic variation in mortality for long-term aboveground biomass changes across the eastern United St

61 this species explained 91% of the change in aboveground biomass during the 5 year period.

62 e thresholds are approximately 25 and 15% of aboveground biomass for switchgrass and miscanthus, resp

63 The 3-PG model predicted that aboveground biomass growth and net primary productivity

64 We quantify how variables influence aboveground biomass growth of individual trees from a re

65 opy structure (height, gaps, and layers) and aboveground biomass in both lowland Amazonian and montan

66 he models predicted negligible reductions in aboveground biomass in response to the drought treatment

67 In regrowth stands, aboveground biomass increased rapidly during the first 2

68 izobium nodulation competitiveness and plant aboveground biomass is 0.65 across five experiments that

69 frequency are predicted to cause additional aboveground biomass loss and reductions in forest extent

70 l-scale mortality events are responsible for aboveground biomass losses of ~1.7 Pg C y(-1) over the e

71 est-sensitive species will lead to losses in aboveground biomass of between 2.5-5.8% on average, with

72 rease in water deficit lost 5.3 megagrams of aboveground biomass of carbon per hectare.

73 ight and crown diameter jointly quantify the aboveground biomass of individual trees and find that a

74 The aboveground biomass of the antisense clone R100 reached

75 models for estimating both the diameter and aboveground biomass of trees from attributes which can b

76 avouring the allocation of photosynthates to aboveground biomass over allocation to roots.

77 Here, four species traits and aboveground biomass production (ABP) were considered.

78 o estimate GHG emissions, the tree and grass aboveground biomass production and carbon storage in dif

79 Aboveground biomass recovery after 20 years varied 11.3-

80 Aboveground biomass recovery after 20 years was on avera

81 Here we analyse aboveground biomass recovery during secondary succession

82 ic spatiotemporal variability in terrestrial aboveground biomass stem growth across Canada's boreal f

83 Aboveground biomass stocks took a median time of 66 year

84 otype diversity had weak positive effects on aboveground biomass through complementarity effects, whe

85 For ED2, the timing of the decline in aboveground biomass was accurate, but the magnitude was

86 ng duration was reduced by 0.30-0.60%, total aboveground biomass was reduced by 0.37-0.43%, and grain

87 n mean mortality rates would support greater aboveground biomass when expressed through disturbance e

88 s an overall log-linear reduction of average aboveground biomass with loss of species.

89 ct the structure (tree diameter, density and aboveground biomass), and dynamics (growth, mortality, a

90 50 cm accounting for on average 59% of live aboveground biomass, 45% of woody productivity and 49% o

91 tions in grain filling duration, final total aboveground biomass, and grain yield, as well as the obs

92 traits included plant size and architecture, aboveground biomass, and underlying physiological proces

93 tors affecting plant species composition and aboveground biomass, density and diversity.

94 heat stress on grain filling duration, total aboveground biomass, grain yield, and grain protein conc

95 Phenotype data on aboveground biomass, height, leaf width, and chlorophyll

96 lated with the ratio of grain yield to total aboveground biomass, known as the harvest index (HI) in

97 lthough there were strong associations among aboveground biomass, litter disappearance and climatic f

98 fected revegetation characteristics, such as aboveground biomass, plant density and diversity.

99 interacted with planting density, including aboveground biomass, root-shoot ratio, root fraction, br

100 Despite treatment-induced differences in aboveground biomass, soil temperature and water content

101 r, the CO2 and N treatments had no effect on aboveground biomass, tree density, community composition

102 ues across a wide range of metrics including aboveground biomass, tree diameter growth, tree size cla

103 osystems, belowground plant biomass exceeded aboveground biomass, with the exception of polar desert

104 d, including 2395 trees harvested to measure aboveground biomass.

105 story affects the fate of these two forms of aboveground biomass.

106 increase in crop yield and a 23% increase in aboveground biomass.

107 nge in either CO2 treatment despite doubling aboveground biomass.

108 ominated by reductions to the respiration of aboveground biomass.

109 y related to plant biomass and in particular aboveground biomass.

110 The aboveground body of higher plants has a modular structur

111 At all sites, aboveground C cycle contributions peaked below 50-cm ste

112 We show that net aboveground C recovery over 10 years is higher in the Gu

113 rted, but at the expense of biodiversity and aboveground C stocks.

114 with a recovery of total C stocks but not of aboveground C stocks.

115 ant H2 sink (-2.0 +/- 1.0 kg H2 ha(-1) ) and aboveground canopy emissions as the dominant H2 source (

116 ed photosynthetic capacity and by a shift in aboveground carbon allocation away from reproduction.

117 rovided estimates of mean and uncertainty of aboveground carbon density at provincial scales and were

118 e used a multi-model ensemble to investigate aboveground carbon density of the CHF from 2010 to 2300

119 e data to quantify net annual changes in the aboveground carbon density of tropical woody live vegeta

120 Gabon holds 0.74 Pg C, or 21% of total aboveground carbon in deadwood, a threefold increase ove

121 in total system carbon, predominately in the aboveground carbon pools, but offset somewhat by losses

122 -dispersed trees have contrasting effects on aboveground carbon stocks across Earth's tropical forest

123 tion and ranging, and field plots, we mapped aboveground carbon stocks and emissions at 0.1-ha resolu

124 use change, we found that at least 0.8 Pg of aboveground carbon stocks are at imminent risk of emissi

125 rent land-use strategies on biodiversity and aboveground carbon stocks in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexi

126 important role in explaining variability in aboveground carbon stocks of disturbed forests.

127 Among extinction scenarios, aboveground carbon stocks varied by more than 600%, and

128 nderstory fires stored, on average, 40% less aboveground carbon than undisturbed forests and were str

129 Lianas altered how aboveground carbon was stored.

130 location to belowground biomass, and gain of aboveground carbon, primarily in large wood, with an ove

131 Because belowground stresses also result in aboveground changes and vice versa, we then outline how

132 The controls on aboveground community composition and diversity have bee

133 Soil organisms have an important role in aboveground community dynamics and ecosystem functioning

134 Aboveground consumers are believed to affect ecosystem f

135 Aboveground consumers in diverse communities often respo

136 lts facilitate belowground larvae, but other aboveground damage inhibits larvae or has no effect.

137 Aboveground emissions of H2 were an unexpected and subst

138 r content (SWC) and temperature (SoilT)] and aboveground factors (e.g., vapor pressure deficit, photo

139 rnators terminate hibernation in spring when aboveground food becomes available; in contrast, heavier

140 oss the Brazilian Amazon to model changes in aboveground forest biomass under different scenarios of

141 ortality of large trees (>/=30 cm dbh), (ii) aboveground forest carbon stocks, and (iii) soil respira

142 meworks to better simulate root feedbacks to aboveground function.

143 ated CO(2) (580 mumol mol(-1)) for 4 yr, and aboveground growth characteristics were measured.

144 from one to four species and sampled before aboveground growth differences between the two phenotype

145 soil organic matter for nutrients to support aboveground growth eased due to pine mortality, and subs

146 thways on the interactions between corn, the aboveground herbivore adult Diabrotica speciosa, the bel

147 ontrol programs are equal or exceed those of aboveground herbivores (67.2% for aboveground herbivores

148 egatively affected by competitively superior aboveground herbivores may be limited to early successio

149 tems is amply recognized, but the effects of aboveground herbivores on soil biota remain challenging

150 Our findings imply that losses and gains of aboveground herbivores will interact with climate and la

151 d those of aboveground herbivores (67.2% for aboveground herbivores, 77.5% for belowground herbivores

152 Aboveground herbivores, even at high population levels,

153 oorly from our understanding of responses to aboveground herbivores.

154 We show that adult D. speciosa recruit to aboveground herbivory and methyl salicylate treatment, t

155 pendent feedback control of voltage input to aboveground infrared heaters and belowground buried resi

156 c adult feeding, but decrease heterospecific aboveground insect feeding and abundance.

157 ed for genetic engineering, the influence of aboveground insect infestation on Agrobacterium induced

158 of mutualistic microorganisms is limited to aboveground insects, whereas there is little understandi

159 ground carbon pools, but a large increase in aboveground large wood pools, resulting in a substantial

160 Aboveground litter decomposition is one of the main proc

161 there is a threshold effect in the amount of aboveground litter input in the soil after harvest that

162 r disappearance (represented by mass loss of aboveground litter) do not strongly covary.

163 rp declines in canopy cover (23 and 31%) and aboveground live biomass (12 and 30%) and favoring wides

164 tervals (CI) for all five IPCC carbon pools (aboveground live carbon, litter, coarse woody debris, be

165 dominant in which neither survival nor final aboveground mass were adversely affected by the climate

166 tionships we evaluated (diameter vs. length, aboveground mass, stem mass, and leaf mass) the empirica

167 ld for 27 grassland species and measured the aboveground morphological responses of each species to c

168 s than grasslands, potentially related to of aboveground N interception.

169 (x1.4) and N (x1.2) retention compared with aboveground needles.

170 The estimated fraction of aboveground net ecosystem production due to growth enhan

171 ere positively affected by the proportion of aboveground net primary production (ANPP) contributed by

172 ecipitation on plant community structure and aboveground net primary production (ANPP) in a northern

173 Aboveground net primary production (ANPP) increased from

174 ary climatic determinant of plant growth and aboveground net primary production (ANPP) over much of t

175 ary climatic determinant of plant growth and aboveground net primary production (ANPP) over much of t

176 ellite imagery, tree-ring growth series, and Aboveground Net Primary Production (ANPP) records.

177 in the Patagonian steppe that evaluated the aboveground net primary production (ANPP) response to ma

178 iomes differ substantially in sensitivity of aboveground net primary production (ANPP) to between-yea

179 Interannual variability in aboveground net primary production (ANPP) was assessed w

180 nitrogen (N) is deemed a key determinant of aboveground net primary production (ANPP)(2,3), the prev

181 n soil CO2 efflux rates by increasing annual aboveground net primary production (NPP) and belowground

182 reduced plant species diversity and enhanced aboveground net primary production and nitrogen minerali

183 maintaining constant biomass, we found that aboveground net primary production increased with the nu

184 nas were present, the partitioning of forest aboveground net primary production was dominated by leav

185 show that live plant biomass (an estimate of aboveground net primary production) and litter disappear

186 shrublands using indices of C assimilation (aboveground net primary production: aNPP) and soil C eff

187 xplore how climate regulates tropical forest aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) and organic

188 However, aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) did not decl

189 Nitrogen (N) is a key limiting resource for aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) in diverse t

190 would amplify the initial CO2 stimulation of aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) of tallgrass

191 dies in grasslands have shown sensitivity of aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) to both prec

192 lux, CO2 uptake by the dominant grasses, and aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) were reduced

193 on dynamics and ecosystem processes, such as aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP), are increas

194 es and mediates ecosystem processes, such as aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP).

195 However, two key ecosystem processes, aboveground net primary productivity and net ecosystem p

196 diversity increased the effect of warming on aboveground net productivity and moderated the effect on

197 o search for generalities and asymmetries of aboveground NPP (ANPP) and belowground NPP (BNPP) respon

198 that BNPP was more sensitive to warming than aboveground NPP (ANPP) since warming did not change ANPP

199 st, the O-CN only simulated a 6% increase in aboveground NPP at the N-fertilization sites.

200 that the CLM-CN simulated a 46% increase in aboveground NPP in response to N, which exceeded the obs

201 For broadleaf forests, the fraction of aboveground NPP partitioned to wood biomass saturated wi

202 ences in growing season length, we show that aboveground NPP responded to [CO2] only through the enha

203 reases in fine root production, and elevated aboveground NPP.

204 cificities defined by the LRR domain, either aboveground or belowground.

205 inter-cell layer coordination during SAM and aboveground organ development, cell division in the epid

206 While less conspicuous than introduced aboveground organisms, introduced belowground organisms

207 asslands, particularly for rarer species and aboveground organisms, whereas common species and belowg

208 Switchgrass aboveground organs (leaves, stems and inflorescences) an

209 of root-derived oxylipins in colonization of aboveground organs by an insect.

210 Total N content in aboveground organs increased from spring until the end o

211 enance and organogenesis to generate all the aboveground organs of the plant.

212 SAM), where organ primordia arise, to mature aboveground organs.

213 ound can be highly attuned to changes in the aboveground parts of plants and that biological control

214 from subterranean root-feeding to feeding on aboveground parts of the host plant occurs.

215 taxonomic and phylogenetic structure of the aboveground plant assemblages even after controlling for

216 ometry play major roles in shaping below and aboveground plant biodiversity, but their importance for

217 While total aboveground plant biomass did not differ between treatme

218 The combined effects of eCO2 and warming on aboveground plant biomass were less positive in 'wet' gr

219 ctor of soil N leaching was the C/N ratio of aboveground plant biomass.

220 ) and found that herbivore removal increased aboveground plant C stocks, particularly in moss, shrubs

221 the inhibition of microbial decomposition of aboveground plant inputs to the soil.

222 Cuticular waxes coat all primary aboveground plant organs as a crucial adaptation to life

223 ulatory proteins in the expression of ISR in aboveground plant parts are highlighted.

224 cing arsenic transfer and translocation into aboveground plant parts for both higher P-fertilization

225 e Desert ecosystems, despite studies showing aboveground plant physiological responses to these envir

226 We found that annual aboveground plant production doubled during the experime

227 eater temporal stability of ecosystem annual aboveground plant production.

228 Aboveground plant productivity responses to CO2 were con

229 Furthermore, frost reduced aboveground plant survival and seed production for Polem

230 d water exchange between the environment and aboveground plant tissues, including hypocotyls, leaves,

231 ntrol the differential allocation of C among aboveground pools in different forest types.

232 Aboveground primary productivity was increased by both h

233 d nitrogen deposition on soil decomposition, aboveground processes, and the forest carbon balance rem

234 Improved understanding of the links between aboveground production and allocation of photosynthate t

235 Based on regional-scale studies, aboveground production and litter decomposition are thou

236 n in parameterizing litter decomposition and aboveground production in future regional and global car

237 (2) efflux and ratios of belowground flux to aboveground productivity differ by as much as 50-150% as

238 y caused a greater than additive increase in aboveground productivity.

239 n which the oxyanion arsenate is transported aboveground, reduced to arsenite, and sequestered in thi

240 m belowground resources at high latitudes to aboveground resources at low latitudes as C-intensive ro

241 We measured the fluxes of aboveground respiration (Ra ), GPP and their ratio (Ra /

242 thesis drawn from site-specific results that aboveground respiration and belowground allocation decre

243 h bark beetles killed or infested 85% of the aboveground respiring biomass.

244 Our results show that the aboveground response to elevated CO(2) is affected signi

245 On the other hand, the pulse of aboveground RH from coarse woody debris lasted only 2 ye

246 une temperature will yield a 19% increase in aboveground S. pulchra biomass at the upland site and a

247 , and droughts, changes in L, reflecting the aboveground sink for net primary productivity, were acco

248 e time, (11)C-photosynthate remaining in the aboveground sink tissues showed preferential allocation

249 Bikasha collaris and multiple heterospecific aboveground species interact to determine herbivore perf

250 mycoheterotrophic gametophyte to mutualistic aboveground sporophyte.

251 ndergo considerably stronger fluctuations in aboveground stand biomass over time.

252 Here we investigate the effects of aboveground stimulation of plant defense pathways on the

253 Typical aboveground symptoms of Verticillium infection on Brassi

254 vival due to preferential biomass allocation aboveground that (1) predispose plants to hydraulic cons

255 ing periods by senescing cheaply constructed aboveground tissue.

256 e necessary for postembryonic development of aboveground tissues and roots, respectively, while secon

257 ty diversity and composition found on and in aboveground tissues of individual Ginkgo biloba trees.

258 this framework to microbiota associated with aboveground tissues, termed 'plant-phyllosphere feedback

259 uiterpene and diterpene tertiary alcohols in aboveground tissues, we demonstrate that Arabidopsis roo

260 f accumulating large quantities of As in its aboveground tissues.

261 Improving nitrogen (N) remobilization from aboveground to underground organs during yearly shoot se

262 However, selection for aboveground traits under favorable environments in moder

263 Aboveground treatment stability and control were better

264 e growth can lead to structural overshoot of aboveground tree biomass due to a subsequent temporal mi

265 We studied the relationship between aboveground tree biomass dynamics (Deltabiomass) and mul

266 Aboveground tree grass biomass and carbon storage in all

267 zed for azimuthal concentration gradients in aboveground tree tissues, revealing contaminant centroid

268 Carbon storage in the aboveground trees and grass biomass were 54.6, 11.4, 25.

269 anges, particularly in plant diversity, than aboveground variables, although tests of this hypothesis

270 both antecedent environmental conditions and aboveground vegetation activity are critical to predicti

271 effects of N pollution on seed banks than on aboveground vegetation as cover and flowering is not sig

272 eduction in albedo and greater C fixation in aboveground vegetation as well as increased rates of soi

273 ctivity (GPP) incorporated into growth - and aboveground versus belowground C partitioning is poorly

274 s of signal sensitivity to changes in forest aboveground volume (AGV) above a certain 'saturation' po

275 The aboveground warming effects increased over time, particu

276 forest overstory and substantially increased aboveground water content.

277 h a plethora of species both belowground and aboveground, which can result in indirect effects mediat

278 These results suggest that aboveground whitefly infestation elicits systemic defenc

279 d on many factors, including the response of aboveground wood production (AWP; MgC ha(-1 ) yr(-1) ) t

280 ent forest plots across Europe, we show that aboveground wood production is inherently more stable th

281 d biomass), and dynamics (growth, mortality, aboveground wood productivity) of nutrient-poor tropical

282 terrestrial water storage, water content in aboveground woody and leaf biomass, and the canopy backs

283 , our species grown in polyculture increased aboveground woody biomass from 12.9 +/- 1.4 to 18.9 +/-

284 ), whereas, in an elevated CO(2) atmosphere, aboveground woody biomass increased from 15.2 +/- 0.6 to

285 ture, the mean effect of CO(2) enrichment on aboveground woody biomass was + 29, + 22 and + 16% for A