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   1 ising method for decreasing relapse in human addicts.                                                
     2 therapies for cue-induced relapse in cocaine addicts.                                                
     3 ing is a major cause of relapse in abstinent addicts.                                                
     4 uce cue-induced relapse in abstinent cocaine addicts.                                                
     5 w is bad is a major challenge for recovering addicts.                                                
     6 ing deficits of cognitive control in cocaine addicts.                                                
     7 potential to reduce relapse in human cocaine addicts.                                                
     8 l of cue-elicited craving in abstinent human addicts.                                                
     9 induced cocaine craving in abstinent cocaine addicts.                                                
    10 s that underlie craving and relapse in human addicts.                                                
    11 eterminants of relapse in recovering cocaine addicts.                                                
    12 t for previously unresponsive chronic heroin addicts.                                                
    13 l and therefore subsequent relapse in opiate addicts.                                                
    14  limited by a high relapse rate in abstinent addicts.                                                
    15 s aspects of compulsive drug intake in human addicts.                                                
    16 gesia and is the main cause of death in drug addicts.                                                
    17 k of continued drug seeking and use in human addicts.                                                
    18  the nucleus accumbens of male human cocaine addicts.                                                
    19 l for recovering cocaine and methamphetamine addicts.                                                
    20 he restoration of cognitive function in meth addicts.                                                
    21 ulnerability to craving and relapse in human addicts.                                                
    22  is a major trigger for relapse in abstinent addicts.                                                
    23 cription to which cancer cells become highly addicted.                                               
    24 y a small percentage of alcohol users become addicted.                                               
    25 ic driver mutations to which tumor cells are addicted.                                               
    26 genetic lesion to which the cancer cells are addicted.                                               
    27 confirming that these tumors remain oncogene addicted.                                               
    28 stress than those of individuals who are not addicted.                                               
  
  
    31 ion between resting and activation but also 'addicts' active T cells to certain metabolic pathways in
    32   Reduced effortful attention performance in addicts also correlated with thinner paralimbic cortices
  
  
    35 ne expression changes common to both cocaine-addicted and alcoholic individuals that may reflect neur
    36 pplying the monetary incentive delay task in addicted and at-risk adult populations are reviewed, wit
  
    38 strate that the CML stem cell is not BCR-ABL addicted and have important implications for developing 
    39 ions and socioeconomic disadvantage are more addicted and less likely to quit and experience greater 
    40 d state to which the tumor cells have become addicted and make them vulnerable to therapies and targe
  
  
  
  
    45 st that primitive CML cells are not oncogene addicted and that therapies that biochemically target BC
  
    47 e markers to measure African ancestry in 407 addicts and 457 comparison subjects self-identified as A
    48 ated cues trigger relapse to drug seeking in addicts and animals exposed to addictive drugs, even aft
    49  opiate withdrawal contributes to relapse in addicts and can be studied in rats by using the opiate w
    50 ential harmful effects of DCS-coupled CET in addicts and describe how these concerns might be mitigat
  
  
  
  
    55 ul motivational control over the behavior of addicts, and can contribute to relapse via multiple, dis
    56  Even after prolonged periods of abstinence, addicts are at risk of relapse, particularly when cues e
  
  
    59 uggest that brain structure abnormalities in addicts are related in part to drug use and in part to p
  
    61  (including reward-associated cues), putting addicts at increasing risk to relapse as addiction incre
    62 cocaine exposure are responsible for cocaine-addicted behaviors, the underlying molecular mechanism a
    63 is a key adaptation occurring in the cocaine-addicted brain, but the effect of cocaine on the fundame
  
  
  
    67 ontributors to relapse in recovering cocaine addicts, but the mechanisms by which they influence moti
    68 es that showed enhanced ability to kill PI3K-addicted cancer cells and to inhibit Akt phosphorylation
    69 ng incomplete tumor cell killing in oncogene-addicted cancer cells, we investigated the role of EGFR 
  
    71    We found that many drug-treated "oncogene-addicted" cancer cells engage a positive feedback loop l
    72 that targeting nutrient metabolism in energy-addicted cancers with high mTORC1 signaling may be an ef
    73 mors, suggesting that treatment of glutamine-addicted cancers with mTOR inhibitors might have benefic
    74 nd [hepatocyte growth factor receptor (MET)] addicted cancers, and reactivation of ErbB3 is a promine
    75 d PHA-665752, suppressed the growth of c-MET-addicted cancers, but not the growth of cancers that are
  
  
  
    79 rols, we hypothesized and found that cocaine-addicted carriers of a 9R-allele exhibited higher respon
    80 ion as a mechanism of cell death in oncogene-addicted cells and establish Par-4 as a negative regulat
    81 w that despite increased glucose uptake, GLN addicted cells do not metabolize glucose via the TCA cyc
  
  
    84  Consequently, ABT-263 failed to kill BCL-XL-addicted cells with low activator BH3s and BCL-XL overab
    85 nges following drug treatment of mutant EGFR-addicted cells, we identified the stem cell transcriptio
  
  
  
  
    90 ce self-administration paradigm to identify 'addicted' cocaine-preferring (CP) individuals and resist
    91 sults suggest a strategy in which recovering addicts could use a systemically active compound to prot
  
    93  also promotes counterselection of NF-kappaB-addicted DLBCL lines by a dual mechanism involving kinas
  
  
  
  
    98 nical observations imply that female cocaine addicts experience enhanced relapse vulnerability compar
    99 rose seeking, and may explain the difficulty addicts experience in managing relapse to cocaine use.  
  
  
  
  
  
   105 ethod reveals that the response of 'oncogene-addicted' human cancer cells to tyrosine kinase inhibito
  
  
  
   109 oral dependent variables in 73 human cocaine-addicted individuals and 47 healthy controls, we hypothe
  
   111 ug abstinence is frequently compromised when addicted individuals are re-exposed to environmental sti
   112 uring cognitive processing characterize drug addicted individuals as compared with healthy controls. 
   113 ioral trait frequently seen not only in drug-addicted individuals but also in individuals who patholo
  
   115 explanation for the puzzling question of why addicted individuals continue drug consumption despite n
  
   117 ned cues (stimuli associated with the drug), addicted individuals experience an intense desire for th
   118 trate fMRI response to drug words in cocaine-addicted individuals in mesencephalic regions as possibl
   119 ntions to change the maladaptive behavior of addicted individuals mainly rely on psychosocial approac
  
   121 een 1 month and 6 months of abstinence, when addicted individuals may be most vulnerable to, and perh
   122 in prescription opiates may reduce harm, but addicted individuals may switch to other opiates such as
  
   124 umption opportunities, are inappropriate for addicted individuals seeking treatment or abstaining.   
   125 ng positive for cocaine in urine, 26 cocaine addicted individuals testing negative for cocaine in uri
  
   127 dered neurobiology in a minority of severely addicted individuals, which undermines the implementatio
  
  
  
   131 ction, the only effective treatment for many addicts is contingency management, a behavioral treatmen
  
  
  
  
   136 ependent IL-6 secretion unleashed previously addicted lung tumor cells from their EGFR dependency.   
  
  
  
   140 because of hyperresponsiveness to food cues, addicts may relapse following exposure to their drug of 
  
   142 ion-related measures identified a subset of "addicted" mice ( approximately 19%) that exhibited inten
  
   144 f habitual behaviors, evidence suggests that addicts must be very creative and flexible when trying t
  
   146 ere performed in 66 people, involving a food-addicted obese group, a non-food addicted obese group an
   147   However food-addicted differ from non-food-addicted obese people by opposite activity in the anteri
   148 Brain activity in food-addicted and non-food-addicted obese people is compared to alcohol-addicted an
  
   150   However, to procure such drugs as cocaine, addicts often require considerable ingenuity and flexibi
   151 ), indicating that, e.g., astrocytes in drug addicts on average exhibit significant elongation of fib
  
   153 -glutamine levels in the striatum of cocaine-addicted participants (n = 15) compared with healthy con
   154 r p63-driven paracrine FGFR2 signaling as an addicting pathway in human cancer and suggest a new appr
   155 f principle that targeting multiple oncogene addicted pathways can prevent therapeutic resistance.   
   156 Positron emission tomography studies in drug-addicted patients have shown that exposure to drug-relat
   157     Here we report on impairments in cocaine-addicted patients to act purposefully toward a given goa
  
  
  
   161 e examined its role in the development of an addicted phenotype in intact male and female rats, and i
  
  
  
   165  are sex differences in the magnitude of the addicted phenotype under optimized conditions that induc
   166 e less cocaine exposure before developing an addicted phenotype with evidence implicating estradiol a
   167 additional measure for the development of an addicted phenotype, separate groups of rats were screene
   168 e an enhanced vulnerability to developing an addicted phenotype, they may be similar to males once ad
   169 tration, both males and females developed an addicted phenotype, with 9 of 11 males and 8 of 10 femal
  
  
   172  across abstinent, recreationally using, and addicted populations demonstrate complexities in interpr
  
  
  
   176 ibits miR-155 and slows the growth of these "addicted" pre-B-cell tumors in vivo, suggesting a promis
  
   178 om California who were enrolled in the Civil Addict Program from 1962 onward by use of a natural hist
   179 986 that cue-induced drug craving in cocaine addicts progressively increases over the first several w
   180 y smaller among cocaine, opiate, and alcohol addicts (proportion=0.76-0.78) than nonaddicted African 
  
   182 ferential DNA hydroxymethylation observed in addicted rats occurred mostly at intergenic sites locate
  
  
  
  
  
   188 elieved that addictive drugs often render an addict's brain reward system hypersensitive, leaving the
   189 -associated cues have profound effects on an addict's emotional state and drug-seeking behavior.     
   190 of the BCR-ABL kinase transforms cells to an addicted state that requires glucose metabolism for surv
  
  
  
  
  
   196 ested during early or protracted withdrawal, addicted subjects show lower levels of D2 receptors in s
  
   198  effects but have unexpectedly shown that in addicted subjects, drug-induced DA increases (as well as
  
  
   201 aFosB and CaMKII in the NAc of human cocaine addicts, suggesting possible targets for future therapeu
   202 targeting non-oncogenes to which cancers are addicted supports the future development and potential a
   203 bey and colleagues describe a unique antigen-addicted T cell population bearing characteristics of bo
  
  
   206 wed expression changes in alcoholics/cocaine addicts; these factors included genes involved in GABA s
  
  
   209 proneural" and "classical" subtypes that are addicted to aberrant signaling from integrin alphavbeta3
   210  based on the assumption that PDAC cells are addicted to activated KRAS, but this assumption remains 
   211  question the degree to which PDAC cells are addicted to activated KRAS, by illustrating adaptive non
  
   213 -resolution structural images of 42 patients addicted to alcohol and 32 healthy control participants.
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
   221 vide further evidence that myeloma cells are addicted to c-MYC activity and that c-MYC is a promising
   222 g, and Participants: Seventy-six individuals addicted to cocaine with varying durations of abstinence
  
  
  
  
   227 t cells transformed by oncogenic RasV12 were addicted to DDX5, because reduction of DDX5 was sufficie
   228 this difficulty, a cancer cell often becomes addicted to DNA repair pathways other than the one that 
   229 dual differences in the propensity to become addicted to drugs, leading to the description of addicti
  
  
   232 e large B cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) are mostly addicted to EZH2 but not the more differentiated activat
   233 tant plus c-Myc appeared to be become highly addicted to FGFR-dependent prosurvival activities, as sm
  
   235 d metabolism, rendering the transformed cell addicted to glucose for the maintenance of survival.    
   236  tumour cells are more proliferative but not addicted to HER2, consistent with activation of multiple
   237  kinases and the reason why some kinases are addicted to Hsp90 while closely related family members a
   238 Here we show that ALCLs of both subtypes are addicted to IRF4 signaling, as knockdown of IRF4 by RNA 
   239 ata demonstrate that miR-125a-induced MPN is addicted to its sustained overexpression, and highlight 
   240 n the degree to which pancreatic cancers are addicted to KRAS by illustrating adaptive nongenetic and
  
   242  we demonstrated that MYC-induced tumors are addicted to mutant beta-catenin, and the combined inacti
  
  
   245 ma (DLBCL) is an aggressive lymphoma that is addicted to NF-kappaB signaling through the CARD11-BCL10
   246 who think them safe or by those sufficiently addicted to nicotine to not be able to quit e-cigarette 
  
  
   249  results demonstrate that tumours can become addicted to oncomiRs and support efforts to treat human 
   250 annabis users progress to using and becoming addicted to other drugs, but the reasons for this progre
  
  
  
  
   255 PI3K/AKT-dependent GCB DLBCL subtype that is addicted to PI3K and MYC signaling and suggest that phar
  
  
  
   259 utant allelic ratios and, in vitro, are more addicted to the aberrant signaling from the FLT3/ITD onc
  
   261 RBB2-amplified breast tumour lines are truly addicted to the ERBB2 oncogene at the mRNA level and dis
  
   263 large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cell lines are addicted to the expression of OCT2 and its coactivator O
  
   265 d that tumor cells carrying a mutant p53 are addicted to the mutant for cell survival and resistance 
   266 carcinoma cells that carry a mutant p53, are addicted to the mutant for their survival and resistance
  
   268 gy enables melanomas that would otherwise be addicted to the Ras-Raf pathway to instead tolerate path
   269 tablished that glioblastomas are selectively addicted to this pathway as a strategy to evade oncogene
  
   271 on learning, however, impairs the ability of addicts to generalize extinction training to the drug-ta
  
   273 a failure of the brain mechanisms that allow addicts to learn about and mentally simulate non-drug co
   274 cci with high transformation capability are "addicted" to a "hypertransformable" state for optimal fi
  
   276 gly, MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cells are "addicted" to LDHA enzymatic activity, as its depletion c
   277 ors displaying c-MET gene amplification are "addicted" to MET signaling and therefore are very sensit
  
   279 on-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells are 'addicted' to basal autophagy that reprograms cellular me
   280  tumour cells expressing activated AKT1 are 'addicted' to FoxM1, as they require continuous presence 
   281  recent findings suggest that tumors can be 'addicted' to miRNA overexpression, yielding a possible t
   282 hese genetic aberrations cause tumors to be 'addicted' to NF-kappaB, which can be exploited therapeut
  
   284   Notably, increased NRP2 expression in EGFR-addicted tumor cells led to downregulation of EGFR prote
   285 er, STK38 knockdown suppresses growth of MYC-addicted tumors in vivo, thus providing a novel viable t
   286 er, STK38 knockdown suppresses growth of MYC-addicted tumors in vivo, thus providing a novel viable t
  
  
   289 cement theories of drug addiction posit that addicts use drugs to alleviate negative mood states.    
   290 morphology of hippocampal astrocytes in drug addicts versus controls and further supports the involve
  
   292 cue-elicited craving among detoxified heroin addicts was substantially attenuated following R-E train
   293 recipitates drug-seeking behavior in cocaine addicts, we also postulated that cocaine manifests its e
   294     To better model drug-seeking behavior in addicts, we first developed a novel cocaine self-adminis
  
  
   297 ral and connectivity changes in the brain of addicts which appear permanent, making control of learne
   298 controlled trial, we enrolled chronic heroin addicts who were receiving conventional oral treatment (
  
  
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