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1 in regulating the behavioral responses to an addictive drug.
2 the reinforcing actions of cocaine and other addictive drugs.
3 receptors in the effects of psychoactive and addictive drugs.
4 at mediate vision, memory, and the action of addictive drugs.
5 m was stimulated by food, sexual arousal, or addictive drugs.
6 liking of various rewards including food and addictive drugs.
7 tural rewards converges with that engaged by addictive drugs.
8 nt role in homeostatic adaptations caused by addictive drugs.
9 r system, modulates the rewarding effects of addictive drugs.
10 mission and a target for antidepressants and addictive drugs.
11 ological reward processes may be affected by addictive drugs.
12 an identifying functional characteristic of addictive drugs.
13 ehaviors involved in responses to stress and addictive drugs.
14 ental conditioned stimuli and the effects of addictive drugs.
15 behavioral markers of the propensity to take addictive drugs.
16 o the rewarding effects of several different addictive drugs.
17 ave been implicated in enhanced responses to addictive drugs.
18 tical site of synaptic plasticity induced by addictive drugs.
19 entral tegmental area in response to several addictive drugs.
20 accompany some of the behavioural effects of addictive drugs.
21 ilar methods to examine the effects of other addictive drugs.
22 ventral tegmental area (VTA) in response to addictive drugs.
23 egion important for the rewarding effects of addictive drugs.
24 vironment or by the inappropriate stimuli of addictive drugs.
25 vational effects of both natural rewards and addictive drugs.
26 er' and become possible treatments for other addictive drugs.
29 internally acknowledged that nicotine is an addictive drug and cigarettes are the ultimate nicotine
30 l studies indicate that experimentation with addictive drugs and onset of addictive disorders is prim
31 ystem can modulate the reinforcing effect of addictive drugs and the anxiolytic effect of nicotine.
33 ral tegmental area (VTA) are a key target of addictive drugs, and neuroplasticity in this region may
34 s compulsive motivation or "wanting" to take addictive drugs; and (d) the idea that dysfunction of fr
36 Alterations in behavior after exposure to addictive drugs are a striking example of chemical alter
37 duced in the central nervous system (CNS) by addictive drugs are of interest because of their relatio
38 The response to novelty and sensitivity to addictive drugs are positively correlated with the hormo
39 esolimbic dopamine-a defining feature of all addictive drugs-as a neural substrate for these drug-ada
40 Environmental stimuli repeatedly linked to addictive drugs become learned associations, and those s
41 vern activity-dependent synaptic plasticity, addictive drugs can derail the experience-driven neural
48 s motor effects produced by marijuana and by addictive drugs enhancing dopamine levels in the Acb.
49 ug seeking in addicts and animals exposed to addictive drugs, even after abstinence or extinction.
51 n for and the reinforcement by both food and addictive drugs extends the argument for a common mechan
55 ely used to study motivational properties of addictive drugs in animals, but has rarely been used in
62 oadaptations induced by repeated exposure to addictive drugs is a persistent sensitized behavioral re
64 red the observation that a common feature of addictive drugs is to activate, by a double tyrosine/thr
67 a (VTA) dopamine (DA) neurons in response to addictive drugs may underlie the transition from casual
68 ysiologically relevant concentrations of the addictive drug nicotine directly cause in vivo hippocamp
69 t of tobacco that drives use, and like other addictive drugs, nicotine reinforces self-administration
73 SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: It is believed that addictive drugs often render an addict's brain reward sy
75 aal et al. find that exposure to any of five addictive drugs or exposure to a brief stressor produces
76 ressive predominance of rewarding effects of addictive drugs over their aversive properties likely co
77 l area (VTA) are modified during exposure to addictive drugs, producing sensitization, a progressive
78 Questions about the molecular actions of addictive drugs, prominently including the actions of al
82 ine reward circuits known to be activated by addictive drugs (right posterior amygdala, posterior hip
84 te into psychotic symptoms and contribute to addictive-drug-seeking behavior, anxiety and phobia.
85 and that it produces the hallmark effects of addictive drugs: sensitization, tolerance, physical depe
89 inforcing biologically rewarding events, but addictive drugs such as cocaine can inappropriately exer
93 as adaptations to chronic administration of addictive drugs such as psychostimulants and therapeutic
95 yle but also the immunomodulatory effects of addictive drugs, such as cocaine, may account for their
100 Although cocaine is known to be a highly addictive drug, there appears to be a select subset of i
101 tamate interaction in MSN that is usurped by addictive drugs to elicit persistent behavioural alterat
104 Many studies support a perspective that addictive drugs usurp brain circuits used by natural rew
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