ライフサイエンスコーパス: adenylation

1 cant role in ATP binding as well as cysteine adenylation.

2 NAs were degraded slower than others without adenylation.

3 first irreversible step of catalysis is acyl-adenylation.

4 se IV and sites impacting upon DNA ligase IV adenylation.

5 mRNAs by preventing their otherwise rapid de-adenylation.

6 domain occur primarily at steps after enzyme adenylation.

7 e changes in active site geometry that favor adenylation.

8 which is believed to be the proposed site of adenylation.

9 and necessary for the 3' end processing and adenylation.

10 oncomitant increase in non-templated 3' mono-adenylation.

11 t require synthesis of a template strand for adenylation.

12 folding of two helices that are required for adenylation.

13 types of 3'-modifications (e.g. uridylation, adenylation), 5'-modifications and also internal modific

14 er a novel natural product arising from rare adenylation (A) and reductase (Red) domains in its biosy

15 For a typical NRPS initiation module, an adenylation (A) domain activates an amino acid and insta

16 ication of the 3-methyl glutamate activating adenylation (A) domain of the CDA NRPS enables the incor

17 The adenylation (A) domain of the Yersinia pestis nonribosom

18 rier protein domains (ArCP, PCP1, PCP2), one adenylation (A) domain, and two cyclization domains (Cy1

19 f Yersinia pestis, has one cysteine-specific adenylation (A) domain, three carrier protein domains (A

20 these two domains are not associated with an adenylation (A) domain.

21 etermined the amino acid specificity of each adenylation (A) domain.

22 ificities of nonribosomal peptide synthetase adenylation (A) domains from DNA sequences, which enable

23 en linked to the domain alternation cycle of adenylation (A) domains, and recent complete NRPS module

24 factor-carrier proteins with acyl-activating adenylation (A) domains.

25 nked to E1, one noncovalently associated for adenylation), a catalytically inactive E2 (Ubc12), and M

26 hat domain alternation and remodeling of the adenylation active site are interconnected and are intri

27 ion domains that effectively disassemble the adenylation active site.

28 ester co-factors or amino acid residues, and adenylation activity arose independently through functio

29 The small fragment lacks adenylation activity but binds to nicked DNA with a simi

30 otope exchange assay was used to demonstrate adenylation activity in a glutathione S-transferase-JAR1

31 The large fragment retains the full self-adenylation activity of the intact enzyme, has minimal D

32 The adenylation activity of the large domain is stimulated b

33 ast 76 amino acids of the DNA ligase, had no adenylation activity or DNA binding activity.

34 report shows that this hybrid enzyme retains adenylation activity, characteristic of DNA ligases but,

35 A synthetases reported that are defective in adenylation activity.

36 , could not be valylated and had very low 3'-adenylation activity.

37 he 454-pyroseqencing of nonribosomal peptide adenylation (AD) and polyketide ketosynthase (KS) domain

38 Adenylation/adenylate-forming enzymes catalyze the activ

39 comprising two domains (104-kDa condensation-adenylation and 73-kDa adenylation-PCP), and one domain

40 that MOCS3 activates both MOCS2A and URM1 by adenylation and a subsequent sulfur transfer step for th

41 ce enzyme from Serratia marcescens catalyzes adenylation and acetylation of aminoglycoside antibiotic

42 acil some 50-fold, but left overall rates of adenylation and aminoacylation unaffected.

43 eighboring Glu 115 and Arg 121 affected both adenylation and aminoacylation, consistent with their pr

44 of the resulting effects on the kinetics of adenylation and aminoacylation.

45 Mg(2+) ions play critical roles in both the adenylation and beta-lactamization reactions.

46 les, including the module core formed by the adenylation and condensation domains as well as the orie

47 S. aureus DNA ligase, consisting of separate adenylation and DNA binding activities.

48 the in vitro catalytic activity of Lig4p in adenylation and DNA ligation.

49 LF is not essential for NHEJ but promotes LX adenylation and hence ligation.

50 in this complex overall process of substrate adenylation and intramolecular ring formation.

51 ) motif in the SUMO E1 is important for SUMO adenylation and is critical for the E1 pseudo-ordered su

52 The larger N-terminal domain retains adenylation and ligase activities, though both at a redu

53 hese three relatives catalyze substrate acyl-adenylation and nucleophilic acyl substitution by either

54 erall production of light and the individual adenylation and oxidation partial reactions.

55 tions on the individual luciferase-catalyzed adenylation and oxidation reactions.

56 find that the CepA1-575 fragment, containing adenylation and peptidyl carrier protein domains (A1-PCP

57 dings that classic ligases can duplicate the adenylation and phosphate cyclization activity of RtcA s

58 s, whereas overexpression of Wispy increases adenylation and reduces microRNA levels in S2 cells.

59 Knockout of wispy abrogates adenylation and results in microRNA accumulation in eggs

60 is capable of performing two functions: the adenylation and S-methylation of l-cysteine.

61 BirA catalyzes the adenylation and subsequent covalent attachment of biotin

62 a1 and that the overall structural basis for adenylation and thioester bond formation exhibited by SU

63 Although the mechanisms of adenylation and thioester bond formation revealed by SUM

64 l) proteins in two steps by carboxy-terminal adenylation and thioester bond formation to a conserved

65 ies that are required for Ub/Ubl activation: adenylation and thioester bond formation.

66 be required to facilitate chemistry prior to adenylation and thioester transfer.

67 ees between the two states that catalyze the adenylation and thioester-forming half-reactions.

68 ylate-forming enzymes that catalyze two-step adenylation and thioester-forming reactions.

69 Ubiquitin conjugation involves adenylation and thioesterification of the carboxy-termin

70 ) have been developed to target E1-catalyzed adenylation and thioesterification of the Ub/Ubl C-termi

71 Adenylation and thiolation activities of the loading mod

72 dule that contains domains homologous to the adenylation and thiolation domains of nonribosomal pepti

73 nts of ATP affinities and rate constants for adenylation and TRAMP dissociation.

74 The modifications result predominantly from adenylation and uridylation and are seen across tissue t

75 RNA turnover is controlled in part by RNA 3' adenylation and uridylation status, with trans-acting fa

76 with vibriobactin synthetase proteins VibE (adenylation) and VibB (aryl carrier protein) condenses a

77 is responsible for cofactor binding and self adenylation, and a C-terminal DNA-binding domain which c

78 e minimally consisting of a condensation, an adenylation, and a peptidyl carrier protein domain respo

79 single T nucleotides and likely completed by adenylation, and atypical TTT start codons was predicted

80 interaction of free E1 and E2 inhibits SUMO adenylation, and the interfaces responsible for the inhi

81 When applied to adenylation- and ketosynthase-domain amplicons derived f

82 essels wherein the products of deoxyribozyme adenylation are purified before their use as substrates

83 adenosine analogs were found to inhibit the adenylation assay and had similar potency of inhibition

84 In the E1-catalyzed probe adenylation assay, peptide probe 3 with a RLRGG recognit

85 Using a novel high throughput adenylation assay, we characterized the acyl substrate p

86 large discrepancies were found between prior adenylation assays and the current MS-based readouts.

87 cannot substitute for the essential 3'-OH in adenylation at a nick or even in strand closure at a pre

88 fine a mechanism for detecting and reversing adenylation at RNA-DNA junctions.

89 Aprataxin (APTX) reverses DNA adenylation but the context for deadenylation repair is

90 ThiF catalyzes the adenylation by ATP of the carboxyl-terminal glycine of T

91 pathway is the activation of sulfate through adenylation by the enzyme ATP sulfurylase (ATPS), formin

92 e heptapeptide MccA is converted into McC by adenylation catalyzed by the MccB enzyme.

93 domain organization: cyclization-cyclization-adenylation-condensation-peptidyl carrier protein-conden

94 domain fragments: a 108-kDa condensation and adenylation construct, EntF C-A, and a 37-kDa peptidyl c

95 of these are primarily the result of nuclear adenylation coupled with rhythmic transcription.

96 at recruitment of LX by Ku is impaired in an adenylation-defective mutant providing further evidence

97 y short (1-5 nt), potentially explaining why adenylation destabilizes these RNAs while stabilizing mR

98 uggest that, during the first half-reaction (adenylation), DHB binds first to the free enzyme, follow

99 aA indicated that there were two domains, an adenylation domain (A domain) and a thiolation domain (T

100 protein (ArCP) domain, the cysteine specific adenylation domain (A), and the first condensation/cycli

101 in Escherichia coli for determination of the adenylation domain (A-domain) substrate specificity usin

102 The adenylation domain activity of EntF C-A formed seryl-AMP

103 MOCS3 has an N-terminal adenylation domain and a C-terminal rhodanese-like domai

104 e, we present detailed binding studies of an adenylation domain and its partner carrier protein in ap

105 nical E1 activating enzyme that possesses an adenylation domain but lacks a distinct cysteine domain.

106 This establishes an anthranilate adenylation domain code for fungal NRPS and should facil

107 pantetheine to the carrier domains allow the adenylation domain editing function to be bypassed.

108 lectively aminoacylated with cysteine by the adenylation domain embedded in the HMWP2 subunit of yers

109 is selected and activated as l-prolyl-AMP by adenylation domain enzymes (CloN4 and CouN4) and then in

110 s not observed by three different assays for adenylation domain function.

111 rate that a conformational change within the adenylation domain guides transfer of intermediates betw

112 A structure of an MLP bound to an adenylation domain has been previously reported using a

113 r elaborate the residues that define the MLP-adenylation domain interface.

114 iocoraline biosynthesis, TioN, a stand-alone adenylation domain interrupted by the S-adenosyl-l-methi

115 These observations suggest that the adenylation domain of FkbP serves as the primary selecti

116 pha-ketoisocaproate (alpha-KIC) by the first adenylation domain of PksJ (a hybrid PKS/NRPS) and insta

117 The adenylation domain of the A/PCP fragment activated S-car

118 tructure-based redesign of the phenylalanine adenylation domain of the nonribosomal peptide synthetas

119 nding the influence of the MLP on the intact adenylation domain or on the dynamics of the entire NRPS

120 ach E1 activity is specified by a domain: an adenylation domain resembling bacterial adenylating enzy

121 used bioinformatic predictions about fungal adenylation domain selectivities to identify and confirm

122 Adenylation domain specificity for the first step of rev

123 n in a single module knockout and the use of adenylation domain specificity prediction software, TxtB

124 Biochemical analysis of adenylation domain specificity supports the assignment o

125 ased upon the functional characterization of adenylation domain specificity, a model for cupriachelin

126 eracting sequence (UIS), located outside the adenylation domain that is required for UFM1 activation.

127 e have assayed the selectivity of the PheATE adenylation domain with a number of proteinogenic amino

128 -phenylalanine (L-Phe) and activating it (by adenylation domain) as tightly bound L-phenylalanyl-aden

129 r domains putatively involved in activation (adenylation domain), autoaminoacylation (peptidyl carrie

130 tidyl carrier protein, an amino acid-loading adenylation domain, and a condensation domain that catal

131 s been previously reported using a truncated adenylation domain, precluding any insight that might be

132 differ in the sequence composition of their adenylation domain.

133 r of pyrophosphate (PP(i)) released from the adenylation domain.

134 the amino acid onto the cofactor within the adenylation domain.

135 amolecular interactions between the SCCH and adenylation domains and translocation of the catalytic c

136 Adenylation domains are critical enzymes that dictate th

137 diction for non-ribosomal peptide synthetase adenylation domains based on the new SANDPUMA algorithm,

138 Biochemical analysis of the NcpA1 and NcpB1 adenylation domains coupled with the recent characteriza

139 mical analysis of the NosA1, NosC1 and NosD1 adenylation domains coupled with the recent characteriza

140 To identify adenylation domains for future combinatorial production

141 hase domains from polyketide biosynthesis or adenylation domains from nonribosomal peptide biosynthes

142 Traditionally, activity of adenylation domains has been measured by radioactive ATP

143 Some adenylation domains interact with small partner proteins

144 tested by using NcpB-A(4), one of the seven adenylation domains involved in nostocyclopeptide biosyn

145 cid residue of all alpha-amino acid-specific adenylation domains known to date was prepared as a prel

146 The activity assay of adenylation domains of barD (A(D)), barE (A(E)) and barG

147 enzymes, including acyl-CoA synthetases, the adenylation domains of non-ribosomal peptide synthetases

148 yrosine and subsequently SgcC1 homologous to adenylation domains of nonribosomal peptide synthetases,

149 CoA synthetases, firefly luciferase, and the adenylation domains of the modular nonribosomal peptide

150 es, amino acid monomers are activated by the adenylation domains of the synthetase and loaded onto th

151 ne structure shows that the condensation and adenylation domains simultaneously adopt their catalytic

152 ed by conformational changes within the Uba1 adenylation domains that effectively disassemble the ade

153 nsform mass spectrometry with the ability of adenylation domains to select their own substrates, the

154 A genealogy of adenylation domains was utilized to identify orthologous

155 biosynthetic modules, eight of which contain adenylation domains with recognizable amino acid specifi

156 The three proteins contain three adenylation domains, one specific for salicylate activat

157 ing aminoacyl-AMP formation by action of the adenylation domains.

158 in-like protein (UBL) activating enzyme (E1) adenylation domains.

159 was obtained from the disruption of two NRPS adenylation domains.

160 compared to structures of peptide synthetase adenylation domains.

161 epresents the first beta-amino acid-specific adenylation enzyme characterized biochemically.

162 nstrated that a bisubstrate inhibitor of the adenylation enzyme MbtA, which is responsible for the se

163 hesis pathway initiates with a self-standing adenylation enzyme, BasE, that activates the DHB molecul

164 In a second half-reaction, adenylation enzymes catalyze the transfer of the acyl mo

165 development of novel engineered interrupted adenylation enzymes for combinatorial biosynthesis.

166 haracterizing the activity and inhibition of adenylation enzymes that acylate a protein substrate and

167 pled continuous spectrophotometric assay for adenylation enzymes that employs hydroxylamine as a surr

168 of related non-ribosomal peptide synthetase adenylation enzymes.

169 uggest that, during the first half-reaction (adenylation), fatty acid binds first to the free enzyme,

170 anism consisting of two chemical steps, acyl-adenylation followed by beta-lactam formation.

171 cycles of CarA and beta-LS mediate substrate adenylation followed by beta-lactamization via a tetrahe

172 stereospecific activation of citric acid by adenylation, followed by attack of the enzyme-bound citr

173 atalyzed activation of the carboxyl group by adenylation, followed by PubC-catalyzed nucleophilic att

174 vate UBLs by catalysing UBL carboxy-terminal adenylation, forming a covalent E1 throught UBL thioeste

175 lyze the complete reaction yet catalyzes the adenylation half-reaction with activity comparable to th

176 es to catalyze the complete reaction and the adenylation half-reaction.

177 a random sequential enzyme mechanism for the adenylation half-reaction.

178 y shown to be important for catalysis of the adenylation half-reaction.

179 In some cases, this adenylation has been shown to catalyze hormone conjugati

180 tive transcription initiation, splicing, and adenylation, identified the antisense and noncoding tran

181 rase, as the enzyme responsible for microRNA adenylation in flies.

182 that a conformational change is required for adenylation in the full length protein.

183 The adenylation inhibitor 5'-O-[N-(salicyl)sulfamoyl]adenosi

184 mically or enzymatically prepared, enzymatic adenylation is preferred due to its ease and high yield.

185 rdingly, MccB-catalysed C-terminal MccA-acyl-adenylation is reminiscent of the E1-catalysed activatio

186 Maternal microRNA adenylation is widely conserved in fly, sea urchin, and

187 35 microM) and the forward rate constant for adenylation (k(+5) = 29 +/- 4 s(-1)) were determined.

188 tase (NRPS) module comprised of condensation-adenylation-ketoreduction-thiolation (C-A-KR-T) domains.

189 rst molecular view of an artificial didomain adenylation/ketosynthase fusion protein.

190 Thus, adenylation may contribute to the clearance of maternall

191 nt, template- and purification-free, adapter adenylation method using T4 RNA ligase 1.

192 Expression of both wild-type and adenylation-mutant ligase IV in ligase IV-deficient cell

193 This repression involved neither adenylation nor the 3' untranslated region, but it corre

194 These results show that the adenylation observed in the in vitro system reflects the

195 tro system reflects the post-transcriptional adenylation occurring in vivo.

196 While the aberrant adenylation of 16S mt-rRNA did not affect the integrity

197 iron siderophore enterobactin, catalyzes the adenylation of 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid, followed by it

198 oenzyme A (CoA) biosynthesis: the reversible adenylation of 4'-phosphopantetheine yielding 3'-dephosp

199 onformation 1, CBL is poised to catalyze the adenylation of 4-chlorobenzoate (4-CB) with ATP (partial

200 lts, which indicate reduced catalysis of the adenylation of 4-chlorobenzoate in the mutant enzymes, a

201 ion in a two-step reaction consisting of the adenylation of 4-chlorobenzoate with adenosine 5'-tripho

202 /14-kDa protein heterodimer was required for adenylation of Alu RNA in vitro.

203 NaMN AT catalyzes the reversible adenylation of both NaMN and the nicotinamide mononucleo

204 transformation was shown to proceed via the adenylation of CDG, which activates it to form the newly

205 reased ATP concentrations allow quantitative adenylation of DNA with a 3'-unprotected end.

206 e both the phosphorylation of riboflavin and adenylation of FMN to produce FAD.

207 The resulting enzyme catalyzes the adenylation of FMN with ATP to produce FAD and PP(i).

208 centrations of lysine, Mg(2+), or LysRS, the adenylation of Hint was found to be dependent on the for

209 uclear extract in vitro; however, the 3'-end adenylation of human SRP RNA or Alu RNA, which correspon

210 reatment with jasmonic acid, suggesting that adenylation of jasmonic acid is not necessary.

211 We show that XLF stimulates adenylation of LX complexes de-adenylated by pyrophospha

212 which may allow the effective and selective adenylation of microRNAs.

213 is at least 20 times faster than the rate of adenylation of nicotinamide mononucleotide.

214 This enzyme catalyzes the reversible adenylation of nicotinate mononucleotide and shows produ

215 The rate of adenylation of nicotinate mononucleotide is at least 20

216 Adenylation of peptide precursors is carried out by MccB

217 recombinant PAP I, we show that differential adenylation of RNA substrates by PAP I occurs in vitro a

218 YbtE catalyzes the adenylation of salicylate and the transfer of this activ

219 This suggests that the exosome inhibits adenylation of some GAL1 transcripts, which results in t

220 h other data, show that post-transcriptional adenylation of SRP and Alu RNAs is carried out by a nove

221 d the enzyme that is involved in this 3'-end adenylation of SRP RNA.

222 The enzyme first catalyzes the adenylation of substrate luciferin with Mg-ATP followed

223 is suggest that, following initial enzymatic adenylation of substrates, amidation of the carboxylic a

224 that decreasing posttranscriptional 3' oligo-adenylation of TERC would counteract the deleterious eff

225 nd 5'-phosphate termini, but cannot catalyze adenylation of the 5'-end.

226 pectrometry to determine the yields for both adenylation of the 5'-probe strand and joining of the tw

227 In this cascade, ThiF catalyzes adenylation of the C terminus of ThiS.

228 t, E1 associates with the Ublp and catalyses adenylation of the carboxy terminus of the Ublp.

229 ThiF catalyzes the adenylation of the carboxy terminus of ThiS and the subs

230 The enzyme first catalyzes the adenylation of the carboxylate substrate luciferin with

231 The initial step involves adenylation of the enzyme by ATP, which is then transfer

232 stimulatory effect is shown to occur at the adenylation of the enzyme.

233 two-step reaction that includes the initial adenylation of the luciferin substrate, followed by an o

234 ide insight into a preference for ATP during adenylation of the protein ThiS.

235 tivates each ubiquitin-like protein (Ubl) by adenylation of the Ubl C-terminal COOH group and then fo

236 rotein (ubl) transfer cascades by catalyzing adenylation of the ubl's C terminus.

237 The E1 first binds the UBL and catalyzes adenylation of the UBL's C-terminus, prior to promoting

238 of the proteins involved: ThiF catalyzes the adenylation of ThiS; NifS catalyzes the transfer of sulf

239 NaMN and reveal the structural mechanism for adenylation of tiazofurin nucleotide.

240 Adenylation of wild-type, V97D, and V97E hHint1 by human

241 place on the 6'-amine of kanamycin A and the adenylation on 3''- and 9-hydroxyl groups of streptomyci

242 ty on one side of the nick affects substrate adenylation on the 5'-side of the nick junction.

243 rnate substrates in aminoacyl-AMP formation (adenylation or A domain), aminoacyl-S-enzyme formation (

244 However, no amino acid-dependent adenylation or aminoacylation activity was detected for

245 AutoSUMOylation of SAE2 did not affect SUMO adenylation or formation of E1.SUMO thioester, but did s

246 entifies amino acids required for the ligase-adenylation or phosphodiester synthesis steps of the lig

247 sts of four successive domains: cyclization, adenylation, oxidation, and peptidyl carrier protein (Cy

248 (104-kDa condensation-adenylation and 73-kDa adenylation-PCP), and one domain (18-kDa PCP) were also

249 s a full-length 155-kDa enzyme, as a 105-kDa adenylation/peptidyl carrier protein (A/PCP) fragment (r

250 lly distinct modifications are manifested by adenylation prior to editing, and by post-editing extens

251 The ArCP mutant cannot be salicylated by the adenylation protein YbtE; the PCP1 mutant releases salic

252 at KPAF3 selectively directs pre-mRNA toward adenylation rather than uridylation, which is a default

253 implicated as specific catalysts of the RNA adenylation reaction (step 2) of the ligation pathway.

254 efine the microscopic rate constants for the adenylation reaction and the thioesterification reaction

255 Conducting the adenylation reaction at the elevated temperature (65 deg

256 The rate of the isolated adenylation reaction in single turnover studies was also

257 The MthRnl adenylation reaction is specific for ATP and either ssDN

258 re a high-throughput assay that measures the adenylation reaction specifically by monitoring ligase-A

259 We find that the adenylation reaction speed can differ between DNA and RN

260 state kinetic analysis of the ThRS-catalyzed adenylation reaction was carried out by monitoring chang

261 nciple of induced fit in the ThrRS-catalyzed adenylation reaction, in which substrate binding drives

262 ymes whereby, upon completion of the initial adenylation reaction, the C-terminal domain of these enz

263 of ThiS into the ThiF active site during the adenylation reaction.

264 H-like proteins are required for some of the adenylation reactions in NRP biosynthesis, but the mecha

265 In mitochondrial extracts, 3' adenylation reportedly influences degradation kinetics o

266 a high energy conformation that stages acyl-adenylation requires binding of both substrates.

267 ecificity factor (CPSF) to the upstream poly-adenylation sequence (AAUAAA).

268 r counterparts containing the Heliothis poly-adenylation sequence.

269 iction sites flanking the promoters and poly-adenylation sequences make it possible to transfer the e

270 3' UTR increased while its noncanonical poly-adenylation signal abolished reporter gene expression in

271 encer inhibited splicing, even when the poly-adenylation signal was deleted or replaced by a 5' splic

272 UMO C-terminus remains unmodified within the adenylation site and 35 A from the catalytic cysteine, s

273 e promoters with either a short, double poly-adenylation site derived from the Heliothis virescens p6

274 The adenylation site found in the top 10 homologs (consensus

275 uggesting that additional changes within the adenylation site may be required to facilitate chemistry

276 th the early 3' untranslated region and poly-adenylation sites of SV40.

277 omplex, and modules with the same amino acid adenylation specificity share up to 95% identity.

278 mRNA localization, mRNA stabilization, poly-adenylation, splicing and translation.

279 or, which provides a mechanism to assess the adenylation status of unsealed nicks.

280 intermediate, indicating that the substrate adenylation step is also a control point for ligation fi

281 Specifically, after the initial adenylation step, the C-terminal domain rotates by appro

282 he BRCT domain plays a role in the substrate adenylation step.

283 the BRCT domain could also affect the enzyme adenylation step.

284 be attributable to a defect at the substrate adenylation step.

285 sequent rounds of nick joining at the ligase adenylation step.

286 of 3'-terminal adenosines and, over several adenylation steps, elicits precisely tuned adjustments o

287 E1 enzyme that catalyzes carboxy-terminal Ub adenylation, thioester bond formation to a catalytic cys

288 biquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins through adenylation, thioester transfer within E1, and thioester

289 unit by monomodular NRPS enzymes containing adenylation, thiolation, and condensation (A-T-C) domain

290 ed four-domain organization of condensation, adenylation, thiolation, and reductase* (C-A-T-R*), wher

291 sis of the dapdiamide antibiotics encodes an adenylation-thiolation didomain protein, DdaD, and an Fe

292 te has to be activated prior to reduction by adenylation to adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (APS).

293 chain contacts to ATP.Mg are released after adenylation to facilitate a 130 degree rotation of the C

294 me adenylation to form AMP-ligase, substrate adenylation to form AMP-DNA, and nick closure.

295 ning entails three consecutive steps: enzyme adenylation to form AMP-ligase, substrate adenylation to

296 AsbC catalyzes adenylation to the corresponding AMP ester of the unusua

297 KPAF1 and KPAF2 function as general mRNA 3' adenylation/uridylation factors.

298 ent process, whereas edited mRNAs undergo 3' adenylation/uridylation prior to translation.

299 mRNAs are not destabilized by the lack of 3' adenylation, whereas short A-tails are required and suff

300 se changes displace side chains required for adenylation with side chains required for thioester bond