ライフサイエンスコーパス: adhere

1 ad to tail to which other cells subsequently adhere.

2 uged onto a coated coverslip upon which they adhered.

3 nd mRNA levels peaked as the palatal shelves adhered.

4 : Premier+ (0.8%-23.1%), LAPS2 (0.7%-19.0%), ADHERE (1.2%-17.4%), EFFECT (1.0%-12.8%), GWTG-Eapen (1.

5 izations characterized as lowest risk by the ADHERE (57% of hospitalizations; 180-day mortality 16.2%

6 ity apparatus of living Toxoplasma gondii by adhering a microsphere to the surface of an immobilized

7 e a high quality diet to which patients will adhere accompanied by an exercise prescription describin

8 models developed from 3 clinical databases (ADHERE [Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Regis

9 arted ART during pregnancy and breastfeeding adhered adequately during the first 2 years of ART, but

10 s nucleated at the posterior of the cell and adhered along the cell surface.

11 m onto which a minimal quantity of cells can adhere and be exposed to unique treatment conditions.

12 erial factors are needed for the bacteria to adhere and colonize the intestinal epithelium.

13 s, cells of the proepicardial organ migrate, adhere and envelop the maturing heart, forming the epica

14 ons in 3745 patients) from 2000 to 2013, the ADHERE and GWTG risk scores were calculated from admissi

15 The simple ADHERE and GWTG scores stratify hospitalized HF patients

16 complementary DNA tethers directing cells to adhere and spread reversibly over multiple cycles.

17 compensated Heart Failure National Registry (ADHERE) and Get With The Guidelines (GWTG) registries ha

18 ty (odds ratios high versus low risk of 5-8 [ADHERE] and 11-18 [GWTG] across time points; P<0.0001 fo

19 ontact angle combinations where the surfaces adhere at contact in the absence of cavitation.

20 Without ND10-ES, ICP0 adheres at the ND10 surface but fails to enter.

21 s formed from MT1-MMP-T567E-expressing cells adhere avidly to both intact ex vivo peritoneal explants

22 P. aeruginosa adhered avidly to lung vasculature, where patrolling neu

23 gulated expression of a gene, HP0102, in the adhered bacteria in all strains examined, including seve

24 binding tethers, (2) vibration amplitudes of adhering bacteria parallel to a surface decreased with i

25 isms, we found that Pf4-Lox(tg/tg) platelets adhere better to collagen and have greater aggregation r

26 S. gallolyticus strain UCN34, adhered better to mucus-producing cells such as HT-29-MT

27 The phosphorous diffuser adhered blue GaN LD broadens luminescent spectrum and di

28 odel to characterize the permeabilization of adhered brain endothelial cells to large molecules in re

29 Barnacles adhere by producing a mixture of cement proteins (CPs) t

30 Both the ADHERE (C statistic 0.66 and 0.67, 0.64, and 0.64) and G

31 fer-scale process for manufacturing strongly adhering carbide-derived carbon films and interdigitated

32 on-myogenic MSCs (nmMSCs); and (ii) a slowly adhering cell population which is Pax7(+) and highly myo

33 ed cells from skeletal muscle: (i) a rapidly adhering cell population, which is non-myogenic, Pax7(-)

34 imposed by networks of cell walls that both adhere cells and contribute to the form and function of

35 ology apply longitudinal uniaxial stretch to adhered cells using elastomeric membranes to study mecha

36 Reversible mechanical signaling to adhered cells was demonstrated with human mesenchymal st

37 cytoskeleton of shear forces experienced by adhering cells.

38 oleophobic surfaces typically rely on poorly adhered coatings or delicate surface structures, resulti

39 ntrol the deformation of a lipid membrane by adhering colloidal particles.

40 Pathogenic bacteria adhere despite severe mechanical perturbations induced b

41 rce (500 V max) was used to selectively lyse adhered endothelial cells in a tapered region of the cha

42 1 co-localize with GPR124 at lamellipodia of adhering endothelial cells, where GPR124 expression cont

43 lium where it activates leukocytes to firmly adhere engaging integrin clustering, a process of crucia

44 cate that compromised ependymal cells of the adhering ependymal layers upregulate PV and display phen

45 ent endothelial cells enables neutrophils to adhere firmly, via LFA-1-mediated binding to ICAM-1 cons

46 ty, we established a bilayer system based on adhered giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) to be able to

47 The shape of each individual adhered GUV as well as its adhesion area was monitored b

48 cagA promoter was active specifically in AGS-adhered H. pylori, and this motif might be associated wi

49 In AGS cell-adhered H. pylori, it has a role in upregulation of cagA

50 icantly increases the adhesiveness of poorly adhering highly capsulated strains in vitro.

51 At low shear particularly, platelets adhered in plaque flow niches to GPVI-Fc-free segments o

52 d of women retained in the Option B+ program adhered inadequately during pregnancy and breastfeeding,

53 Attaching and effacing (A/E) pathogens adhere intimately to intestinal enterocytes and efface b

54 rains comprising four species, that bacteria adhere irreversibly to surfaces through multiple, revers

55 The DeltainvDeltayadA double mutant adhered least to cells and so was not significantly inte

56 junctions in response to the presence of an adhering leukocyte.

57 nce quenching assays, we detect that, in the adhering membrane segment, only the outer bilayer leafle

58 ffusion is not significantly affected in the adhering membrane segment.

59 illar membrane, which is 14x higher than the adhering membrane without load sharing.

60 these latest displaying different amounts of adhered microbial biomass and significantly distinct bac

61 Application of force to adhering monocytes potentiated the effects of simvastati

62 The pulp adhered only partially to the seeds in 5 of the 6 access

63 Thus, common grades of PE and iPP do not adhere or blend, creating challenges for recycling these

64 nd physical properties, which enable them to adhere or stick to tissues, possess sufficient mechanica

65 Analysis of simulated position-maps of adhering particles using a new, in silico model confirme

66 adhesion and binding to toxins and platelet-adhering pathogens, such as Shiga toxin and Staphylococc

67 ures as well as enhanced binding to platelet-adhering pathogens.

68 Only 49% of the patients adhered (PDC >/=80%) to all 3 therapies.

69 he A1 domain's efficacy to bind collagen and adhere platelets under shear flow.

70 The mutant CD4(+) T cells adhered poorly to high endothelial venules and exhibited

71 All strains studied adhered predominantly to the edge surfaces of kaolinite

72 n of 2D materials with non-2D materials that adhere primarily through non-covalent interactions.

73 d construct both demonstrated that the cells adhered, proliferated, and maintained their phenotype we

74 om slowly adhering (SA) but not from rapidly adhering (RA) fractions of cardiac mesenchymal cells (CM

75 The ADHERE risk score identified 10% and the GWTG risk score

76 The GWTG but not ADHERE risk score was well calibrated for in-hospital mo

77 tive (c-kit(POS)) cells isolated from slowly adhering (SA) but not from rapidly adhering (RA) fractio

78 We observed that PEDOT-PSS adhered significantly better to GC than Pt, and allowed

79 single-molecule arrays by electrostatically adhering single-stranded DNA of gene-like length onto po

80 Second, we physically adhered spheres to the surface of erythrocytes.

81 ropy difference between the freestanding and adhered states of the two-dimensional materials.

82 a diagnosis of NCWS; 145 of 148 patients who adhered strictly to a gluten-free diet (98%) had reduced

83 how strongly impaired migratory activity and adhere strongly to their substrates.

84 ted kidneys, exhibited altered motility, and adhered strongly to the renal vascular wall in a chemoki

85 Sputtered silicon coatings adhered strongly to their surfaces, as they were able to

86 , which contains alkaline and ionic species, adheres strongly to the surface, often through chemical

87 ffective delivery of molecules into specific adhered target cells, with unprecedented spatial resolut

88 Individuals who adhered the most to the 2015 DGAI recommendations (quart

89 g the flagellum attachment zone (FAZ), which adheres the flagellum to the cell surface.

90 e bacteriophage KP32, and is responsible for adhering the bacteriophage to host cells.

91 ters related to the bioassay were optimized, adhering the piece of paper onto a conventional screen-p

92 radation of the substrate to which the cells adhere, the effect of elastase on satellite cell-derived

93 Epithelial tissue, in which cells adhere tightly to each other and to the underlying subst

94 ngi produce enable them to form communities, adhere tightly to surfaces, evade host immunity, and res

95 ct factor of 10 or greater, 16 (67%) did not adhere to 1 or more practices, and 9 (38%) did not adher

96 120 published studies, 85% (n = 102) did not adhere to 1 or more required practices and 62% (n = 74)

97 5 (95% CI, 852-998) NIS publications did not adhere to 1 or more required practices and 696 (95% CI,

98 to 1 or more practices, and 9 (38%) did not adhere to 2 or more practices.

99 required practices and 62% (n = 74) did not adhere to 2 or more required practices.

100 6 (95% CI, 596-796) NIS publications did not adhere to 2 or more required practices.

101 compared with 30 of 52 patients who did not adhere to a gluten-free diet (58%) (P < .0001).

102 selection practices favor those who already adhere to a norm of reciprocity?

103 ry ducts and glands at the time of lactation adhere to a perfect fractal geometry - which is destroye

104 ate of 1 m(2) min(-1) using premixed flames, adhere to a variety of substrates, and tolerate foot tra

105 Of products, 40% (26 of 65) did not adhere to AAD guidelines (broad spectrum, SPF >/=30, and

106 n products, a significant proportion did not adhere to AAD guidelines, mostly attributable to a lack

107 lity of an isogenic ClfB-deficient mutant to adhere to AD corneocytes compared to that of its parent

108 ity to colonize the mouse nasopharynx and to adhere to and be internalized by cultured human epitheli

109 Comparatively less is known about how cells adhere to and exert forces in soft, three-dimensional (3

110 nistically, Th1 cells use integrin alpha4 to adhere to and induce TGF-beta in CFB in an IFN-gamma-dep

111 The capacity of pneumococci to adhere to and infect lower airway cells is mediated by h

112 d cells within the population preferentially adhere to and invade bladder epithelial cells.

113 results were correlated with the ability to adhere to and invade cultured human bladder cells.

114 Both serovars can adhere to and invade M cells and enterocytes, and it has

115 The need to adhere to and penetrate the host cuticle led to a select

116 rier phenotype to be an increased ability to adhere to and persist on epithelial surfaces and a decre

117 lity and local clustering coefficient, could adhere to Benford's law for scalefree networks but only

118 reduction in infectivity and the ability to adhere to CD36.

119 d in such a context are mainly IFN-gamma(+), adhere to CFB, and induce their transition into myofibro

120 Overall, clinicians did not adhere to clinical guidelines in 368 of 614 (60%) subjec

121 ir parents rated EEN to be more difficult to adhere to compared to an example SFD (p < 0.05), and the

122 side, metagenomic data reinforce our need to adhere to current antibiotic guidelines to minimize the

123 an polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) ex vivo to adhere to denatured collagen in serum and polymyxin B in

124 iduals do vary in preferences and ability to adhere to different diets.

125 surfaces, but how these proteins selectively adhere to different surfaces is not clear.

126 Proteins adhere to DNA at locations and with strengths that depen

127 Because different types of particles adhere to electrostatic netting, it is also possible to

128 seria meningitidis use Type IV pili (T4P) to adhere to endothelial cells and breach the blood brain b

129 atherogenesis, a disorder in which monocytes adhere to endothelial cells and subsequently migrate int

130 lity models must be established, models must adhere to established standards and model components mus

131 iotic prescribing patterns frequently do not adhere to evidence-based practices; surgeons are in a po

132 ampered by the fact that many authors do not adhere to existing annotation standards when describing

133 kindlin failed to activate beta1 integrins, adhere to fibronectin (FN) or maintain their integrins i

134 patients are fully informed and consent, can adhere to follow-up, and alert providers to hepatitis sy

135 flammation-associated HA matrices but do not adhere to HA constitutively expressed under homeostatic

136 Most clinicians do not adhere to IDSA guidelines, delaying diagnostic LP and in

137 Activated platelets adhere to intravascular neutrophils through P-selectin/P

138 d the ability of the surface protein SdrF to adhere to keratin, a major molecule expressed on the ski

139 Candida spp. adhere to medical devices, such as catheters, forming dr

140 phenotype defined by an increased ability to adhere to mucosal surfaces and a decreased ability to ca

141 Adults who adhere to national guidelines for a healthful diet and p

142 , the latter able to chemically interact and adhere to natural tissue amines in the tumour.

143 enomenon in their interaction, wherein voids adhere to only one side of the bimetal interfaces rather

144 Among comparable patients who adhere to optimal medical therapy, outcomes of PCI and C

145 Over 85% of US centers adhere to practice guidelines that consider morbid obesi

146 st equation and find that STG neurons do not adhere to prevailing hypotheses regarding wiring optimiz

147 Individuals who adhere to reduced-sodium diets come to prefer less salt

148 used data from the NIS, the majority did not adhere to required practices.

149 ate present in Bk(IV) that does not strictly adhere to Russel-Saunders coupling and Hund's Rule even

150 er and encouraged to modify risk factors and adhere to site-specific population cancer screening.

151 We found that individuals who tend to adhere to social rules and regulations (who are high in

152 Patients may adhere to some, but not all, therapies.

153 vailable evidence, and future studies should adhere to Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy

154 Pericytes adhere to the abluminal surface of endothelial tubules a

155 nd vasculature with astrocytic processes and adhere to the adjacent processes of astrocytes.

156 odium spp. infect red blood cells, which may adhere to the blood vessels supplying AT.

157 The resulting aggregates largely adhere to the cell surface to induce cell necroptosis.

158 , and could be injected through a syringe to adhere to the convex contour of a tissue surface.

159 r-protein regimen, whereas those who did not adhere to the diet had no marked improvements.

160 to colonize various organs, bacteria need to adhere to the endothelial cells of the vascular wall, an

161 and generate reproducible publications that adhere to the FAIR guiding principles of data stewardshi

162 ialization of low-entropy states and readily adhere to the Fermi-Hubbard Hamiltonian.

163 obulins revealed that cruciferin ISDs likely adhere to the following rules: (1) ISDs are adjacent to

164 Thus, if SprB were to adhere to the glass rather than to a nanoparticle, the c

165 These multifunctional yeast cells adhere to the gold sensor surface while simultaneously a

166 temporal choice nor valuation without choice adhere to the independence principle.

167 ydrophobicity and the ability of L. casei to adhere to the intestinal wall.

168 ding sites do not have a similar tendency to adhere to the membrane surface.

169 ction, cells on the inner layer of the shell adhere to the nematode cuticle, swarm over its body and

170 r aggregates (MCAs) present in ascites fluid adhere to the peritoneum and induce retraction of the pe

171 NTs adhere to the postsynaptic membrane surface whenever the

172 The higher the rates of failure to adhere to the protocol and dropout from the study, the g

173 ting allowed AuNPs to follow the contour and adhere to the PS nanospheres.

174 If multiple particles adhere to the same vesicle, their initial single-particl

175 ance: CRC screening is effective if patients adhere to the steps in each screening program.

176 ven performance, reliability, and ability to adhere to the strict requirements associated with space

177 depends on Type IV pili, which are extended, adhere to the substrate and then retract to pull the cel

178 Moreover, EPS(-) cells do not adhere to the surface as strongly as wild-type and EPS o

179 Cells adhere to the surrounding tissue and probe its mechanica

180 laria parasite Plasmodium falciparum (iRBCs) adhere to the vascular endothelium through adhesive prot

181 agen and observe the rate at which platelets adhere to the wall.

182 ts in a periodic channel where platelets can adhere to the wall.

183 Online users tend to select claims that adhere to their system of beliefs and to ignore dissenti

184 ies provide evidence for systems that do not adhere to this archetypal TCST signaling model.

185 We review how riboswitch folds adhere to this fundamental strategy and propose future r

186 um intake during renal insufficiency and may adhere to this principle after transplantation.

187 cts and resultant failure of the patients to adhere to treatment.

188 efore diagnosed later and are less likely to adhere to UVR protection.

189 rate by which tumor cells tether, roll, and adhere to vascular walls.

190 rs are considered "unresectable" if they are adhere to vital structures or the surgery would cause ir

191 Remora fishes adhere to, and maintain long-term, reversible attachment

192 udying the stability of thrombin (0-1400 nM) adhered to a fibrin matrix (0.1-0.4 mg/mL fibrinogen, 10

193 population of active thrombin remains stably adhered to a fibrin matrix over a range of venous shear

194 Bacteria are adhered to a quartz crystal resonator in an electronic b

195 the use of a nonocclusive style sweat patch adhered to a skin.

196 ls were massively invaded by bacteria, which adhered to and formed pedestals on endothelial cells and

197 oscopy, we showed that S. pneumoniae rapidly adhered to and invaded cardiomyocytes.

198 recruited patients aged 18-75 years who had adhered to antidepressants for at least 6 weeks and had

199 member of the B. burgdorferi s. l. complex, adhered to biglycan expressed by human endothelial cells

200 We adhered to Cochrane methods for trial selection, data ex

201 In the usual care arm, programs adhered to current ACGME resident duty hour standards.

202 an acute PE finding in the ED when providers adhered to evidence presented in CDS were nearly double

203 ved by the animal care and use committee and adhered to experimental animal care guidelines.

204 When patients adhered to F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose PET recommendations,

205 aginalis to displace lactobacilli previously adhered to HeLa cells.

206 recruited inflammatory monocytes with stress adhered to IL-1R1(+) neurovascular endothelial cells and

207 operative weight-reducing regimen is usually adhered to in most centers performing bariatric surgery

208 nt of SAB were significantly more frequently adhered to in the intervention group (68.9% vs 92.3%; P

209 In total, 239 datasets adhered to inclusion criteria.

210 n population, only one-third of participants adhered to interval recommendations for follow-up eye ap

211 SdrF bound human keratins 1 and 10 and adhered to keratinocytes and epithelial cells.

212 LV12 cells adhered to liver-derived but not to lung-derived endothe

213 -associated L. monocytogenes in the gut were adhered to Ly6C(hi) monocytes, a cell type that ineffici

214 Platelets instantaneously adhered to molecularly altered sinusoidal endothelium ad

215 ge with Hoc proteins exposed on their capsid adhered to mucin glycoproteins and protected mucus-produ

216 val recommendation types, 29.9% (284 of 949) adhered to obtaining comprehensive follow-up eye care wi

217 Conidia of H. minnesotensis adhered to passing nematodes within 8 h post-inoculation

218 When only patients who adhered to PET recommendations were included, the hazard

219 The meta-analysis adhered to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Revi

220 The model adhered to previous experimentally determined secondary-

221 that natural populations of Prochlorococcus adhered to Redfield ratio dimensions when comparing cell

222 lization, were compared between patients who adhered to serial evaluation guidance and those who did

223 nusoids by docking onto platelets previously adhered to sinusoidal hyaluronan via CD44.

224 have heterogeneous structures, with microbes adhered to sodium chloride nodules surrounded by magnesi

225 nts with hypertension, relative to those who adhered to statins and antihypertensive therapy, the odd

226 The numbers of microplastics that adhered to the algae correlated with the concentrations

227 If our ED adhered to the CDC guidelines, 51 (25.0%) patients with

228 ., by measuring the number of particles that adhered to the channel wall.

229 N=37 adhered to the exercise, most attending >/=1 session/wee

230 for nanosilver transformations either still adhered to the fabric or when released after washing.

231 In addition, our study adhered to the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in

232 ysis followed the PRISMA guidelines and also adhered to the MOOSE guidelines.

233 c cells as functionally matured macrophages, adhered to the newly formed subventricular vascular plex

234 h negatively charged cell walls, CeO2(+) NPs adhered to the plant roots the strongest.

235 weight management were detected in those who adhered to the prescribed higher-protein regimen, wherea

236 Our search and study screening process adhered to the PRISMA Guidelines.

237 In contrast, Ag2S-NPs remained largely adhered to the root exterior, and the presence of cytopl

238 Our study adhered to the Transparent Reporting of a Multivariable

239 cholesterolemia are appropriate and are well-adhered to, whereas guidelines for glycated hemoglobin A

240 locoregional management principles should be adhered to.

241 Hospitalization due to EGS adheres to a consistent cyclical pattern, with more admi

242 ecovery from the consequences of MD likewise adheres to a critical period that ends by about 3 months

243 We show that the remodeling adheres to a Hill-Scatchard model whereby the Abeta(1-40

244 evidence-based, peer-reviewed literature and adheres to accepted psychometric assessment standards.

245 After ingestion, it adheres to and invades the host epithelium while evading

246 emic infection model showing that Pg rapidly adheres to and penetrates the zebrafish vascular endothe

247 A DeltaeseJ mutant strain adheres to epithelioma papillosum of carp (EPC) cells 3

248 a-containing peptide (MFP-3s peptide), which adheres to organic surfaces just as effectively as its w

249 Triggered by shear-stress, it adheres to platelets at sites of vascular injury.

250 on IrAl2.75 , a binary compound that closely adheres to the 18-n rule.

251 between SN and nvPM mass concentration still adheres to the first order approximation (FOA3), and thi

252 This review adheres to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Sys

253 clear methodology, and study execution that adheres to the protocol together and serve as the critic

254 The former adheres to the substrate by electrostatic interactions,

255 It is fully reversible and strictly adheres to the thermodynamics governing the reactions.

256 nto the surface of infected erythrocytes and adheres to various host receptors.

257 sition, a heretofore unsolved problem, while adhering to a constraint on the number of primers needed

258 The growing number of individuals adhering to a gluten-free diet (GFD) without exclusion o

259 Difficulties adhering to a gluten-free diet have led to the developme

260 Adhering to a healthy lifestyle is associated with a sub

261 ysical activity and cognitive activities and adhering to a Mediterranean style diet promote 'brain he

262 hen the two-dimensional material was loosely adhering to a substrate.

263 to describe the mechanical behavior of cells adhering to a substrate.

264 Whether adhering to a traditional Mexican diet or adopting a US

265 Blood eosinophils adhering to adsorbed periostin were imaged at different

266 withstand large mechanical shear forces when adhering to and colonizing hosts.

267 10), did not produce CS23 yet was capable of adhering to Caco-2 cells.

268 ration of each branch and connect tubules by adhering to each other and simultaneously changing into

269 lthcare; 4. Receiving a prescription; and 5. Adhering to effective PrEP.

270 ory mechanism that prevents neutrophils from adhering to endothelial cells is identified with TG2 S-n

271 s of HSIL would have been missed by strictly adhering to existing AC screening guidelines.

272 Resting platelets adhering to fibrinogen-coated electrodes were activated

273 med the molecular clutch model, of how cells adhering to flat surfaces such as a microscope coverslip

274 yses of confined Brownian-motion of bacteria adhering to glass and their AFM force-distance curves an

275 Factors associated with adhering to interval appointments were having an advance

276 (+)CD16(+) monocytes showed a preference for adhering to microvascular over macrovascular endothelium

277 ma were diagnosed longitudinally by strictly adhering to predefined algorithms.

278 Childhood clinic at 7 years of age, strictly adhering to predefined algorithms.

279 Our results support the importance of adhering to recommendations for a healthy lifestyle with

280 Objectives: To assess the rate of adhering to recommended follow-up eye care in a DR scree

281 itectures, rather than a common architecture adhering to strict rules.

282 rather than posterior brain regions, without adhering to structural connectivity, between modules as

283 They pull cells forward by extending, adhering to surfaces, and then retracting.

284 innovative approaches to support patients in adhering to TB treatment, such as this, are needed.

285 sk estimates for primary prevention patients adhering to the appropriate ABCS over time, alone or in

286 Instead of adhering to the concordance-discordance dichotomy, compa

287 clear.We sought to determine the effects of adhering to the consumption of a MedDiet for 6 mo on blo

288 g nano-holes in graphene through metal atoms adhering to the edges of these holes.

289 in all public medical electronic databases, adhering to the PRISMA guidelines.

290 Adhering to the recommendations is both feasible and ach

291 ased foods, including vegetables and grains, adhering to this diet might also bring about environment

292 f trained community health workers (CHWs) in adhering to this recommendation to restrict artemisinin-

293 For adhering to three-dimensional (3D) surfaces or objects,

294 d student rooms on two U.S. college campuses adhering to two different furniture flammability standar

295 can interact with each other, for example by adhering together in order to produce bundles (fascicula

296 agree well with each other and show that the adhering vesicles are in the weak adhesion regime for th

297 Existing adhesives are cytotoxic, adhere weakly to tissues, or cannot be used in wet envir

298 vation that dispersed islet cells spread and adhere well on glass surfaces in neuronal co-culture and

299 Activated platelets adhered were and ultimately digested by ECs in vivo and

300 The polymer layer adheres/wets the lithium metal surface and makes the Li-