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   1 f leguminous plants such as Medicago sativa (alfalfa).                                               
     2 s well as its ortholog from Medicago sativa (alfalfa).                                               
     3 a and Arabidopsis) and symbiotic nodules (in alfalfa).                                               
     4 rogen-fixing symbiosis with Medicago sativa (alfalfa).                                               
     5  its leguminous plant host, Medicago sativa (alfalfa).                                               
     6 rts of many agronomically important genes in alfalfa.                                                
     7  truncatula genes for genetic improvement of alfalfa.                                                
     8  pathogen that causes anthracnose disease of alfalfa.                                                
     9 uticular wax loading on leaves of transgenic alfalfa.                                                
    10 en-fixing symbiosis between the bacteria and alfalfa.                                                
    11 than did the wild type during symbiosis with alfalfa.                                                
    12 nal view of random chromosome segregation in alfalfa.                                                
    13 12 is targeted and downregulated by SPL13 in alfalfa.                                                
    14 ssary for its nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with alfalfa.                                                
    15 nal view of random chromosome segregation in alfalfa.                                                
    16 infection within the cells of its host-plant alfalfa.                                                
    17 t invasion of root nodules on the host plant alfalfa.                                                
    18 ting winter hardiness in bivalent tetraploid alfalfa.                                                
    19 tion and extension (root nodule invasion) on alfalfa.                                                
    20 lgT mutation did not affect its virulence on alfalfa.                                                
    21 response mechanisms for grazing tolerance in alfalfa.                                                
    22  to flavonoid and other inducers released by alfalfa.                                                
    23  in isoflavonoid phytoalexin biosynthesis in alfalfa.                                                
    24 wth of S. meliloti near germinating seeds of alfalfa.                                                
    25 alyze alpha-tubulin expression in transgenic alfalfa.                                                
    26 rts to develop grazing-tolerant cultivars of alfalfa.                                                
    27 in plants and regulates MsPRP2 expression in alfalfa.                                                
    28 retards growth and development of transgenic alfalfa.                                                
    29 invasion by the bacterium of its host plant, alfalfa.                                                
    30 genic pea hairy root cultures or regenerated alfalfa.                                                
    31 tween R. meliloti Rm1021 and its host plant, alfalfa.                                                
    32 us), and the constructs were introduced into alfalfa.                                                
    33 esses to Al(3+)-inhibition of root growth in alfalfa.                                                
    34  genes and introduced them individually into alfalfa.                                                
    35 nd pathways that control grazing response in alfalfa.                                                
    36 zium colony-forming units (cfu) than corn or alfalfa.                                                
    37 ased linearly with the dietary proportion of alfalfa.                                                
    38 etition with alfalfa race aphids on bean and alfalfa.                                                
    39 d to the production of stay-green transgenic alfalfa.                                                
    40 forage to obtain four dietary proportions of alfalfa (0%, 25%, 50% and 75%) for 98 days on average be
    41 romoter-reporter genes when transformed into alfalfa, a heterologous legume, showed significant induc
    42 mylase mRNA levels were measured in roots of alfalfa after defoliation, in suspension-cultured cells 
  
    44 a 4-yr rotation (maize-soybean-small grain + alfalfa-alfalfa) managed with lower synthetic N fertiliz
  
    46 tely required for S. meliloti symbiosis with alfalfa and also for the protection of the bacterium fro
    47 ol of the CaMV promoter, both the transgenic alfalfa and Arabidopsis lines exhibited dramatic alterat
    48 elated with development of lateral roots (in alfalfa and Arabidopsis) and symbiotic nodules (in alfal
    49 te compound leaf development, are present in alfalfa and are still sensitive to KNOX1 regulation.    
  
    51 n in a more complex agricultural mosaic with alfalfa and broad bean, a second experiment was conducte
  
    53 ally processed Hg) in leaves of both plants (alfalfa and M. vulgare) was similar, in spite of the big
  
  
    56  into Arabidopsis to demonstrate that, as in alfalfa and pea, PsUGT1 expression occurs in regions of 
    57  their capacity to use the legume crops pea, alfalfa and red clover, respectively, were analysed, and
  
  
  
    61  is required for invasion of root nodules on alfalfa and successful establishment of a nitrogen-fixin
    62 methylation step in S lignin biosynthesis in alfalfa and that there is redundancy with respect to the
    63 chemical and structural properties of Tulsi, Alfalfa and two varieties of Manuka honey derived from m
    64 owed that Hg accumulated at the root apex of alfalfa and was distributed through the vascular system 
    65 ssella, and Anaerolinea, was associated with alfalfa and zinc removal, and the inverse was found for 
    66 tutive CaMV 35S promoter in Medicago sativa (alfalfa) and Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco), we show that t
  
  
    69 rs to be an over-simplification, at least in alfalfa, and additional enzymes may be needed for the 3-
    70 le N consumption, N fixation by soybeans and alfalfa, and N yield by corn, soybeans, and pasture, alt
    71 edia and fails to establish a symbiosis with alfalfa, and these defects can be rescued by the additio
  
    73 ated leaves of six additional plant species: alfalfa, Arabidopsis, Brassica, cucumber, maize, and ric
    74  events demonstrated here in the S. meliloti-alfalfa association may be widely important across many 
  
    76 bium meliloti and its leguminous host plant, alfalfa, bacterial nodulation (nod) genes are controlled
  
  
    79 o terminus, fixes nitrogen in symbiosis with alfalfa, but the plants cannot use this nitrogen for gro
  
  
    82 ing of a poly(A)+ library from salt-tolerant alfalfa cells, encodes a novel protein with a Cys4 and H
  
    84 ere not increased by expressing both IFS and alfalfa chalcone isomerase, but levels of flavonol conju
    85 port here the three-dimensional structure of alfalfa chalcone reductase bound to the NADP+ cofactor a
    86 simple laboratory communities of interacting alfalfa, chemical defense, armyworm caterpillars, and pa
  
    88 sed on the recently determined structure for alfalfa CHS, predicts significant effects on protein str
    89 oumarins, being predominantly fodder plants (alfalfa, clover and some grasses) considered to be safe.
  
    91 , isoflavone O-methyltransferase (IOMT) from alfalfa converts the isoflavone daidzein to 7-O-methyl d
    92 el resource to develop anthracnose-resistant alfalfa cultivars and contributes to our understanding o
  
    94 gle-dose restriction fragment autotetraploid alfalfa data, and the performance is investigated throug
    95 obium meliloti and its host Medicago sativa (alfalfa) depends on several signaling mechanisms, such a
  
    97 ylase enzyme specific activity in transgenic alfalfa did not result in increased root exudation of or
  
  
  
  
   102 essed red clover PPO proteins were active in alfalfa extracts as evidenced by o-diphenol-dependant ex
   103 ule deer selected areas closer to forest and alfalfa for most periods during 2012, but selected areas
   104  supplemented with different levels of fresh alfalfa forage to obtain four dietary proportions of alf
   105 g Lygus hesperus Knight is a pest of cotton, alfalfa, fruit and vegetable crops, and potentially of s
   106 encing of additional clones reveals that the alfalfa genome contains multiple CPSase II gene copies w
  
  
  
   110 symbiosis between Sinorhizobium meliloti and alfalfa has been studied for over a decade, its function
   111 um meliloti, the nitrogen-fixing symbiont of alfalfa, has the ability to catabolize myo-, scyllo-, an
   112  the study, rice straw (RS, low-quality) and alfalfa hay (AH, high-quality) diets were fed to lactati
   113 ddition of organic amendments in the form of alfalfa hay or alfalfa meal was also helpful in lowering
  
   115 reactor columns containing varying ratios of alfalfa hay, pine woodchips, and sawdust were analyzed o
   116 BacA function are impaired in symbiosis with alfalfa host plants and display altered sensitivities to
  
  
  
  
  
   122 mino acid sequence information from purified alfalfa IOMT, we have isolated three full-length IOMT cD
   123 e altered growth phenotype of reduced-lignin alfalfa is a direct result of changes in nodulation or n
   124 lic acid 3/5-O-methyltransferase (COMT) from alfalfa is an S-adenosyl-L-Met-dependent O-methyltransfe
  
   126 iosis between S. meliloti and its plant host alfalfa is dependent on bacterial transcription of nod g
  
  
   129 xically, reverse genetic evidence implicates alfalfa isoflavone O-methyltransferase (IOMT) in the bio
  
   131  AK631 to establish effective symbiosis with alfalfa, it must be able to synthesize a symbiotically a
  
  
   134 sed IOMT-green fluorescent protein fusion in alfalfa leaves show that the operationally soluble IOMT 
  
  
   137 activity in root tips of selected transgenic alfalfa led to a 4.2-fold increase in root concentration
  
   139 lover, white clover, hairy vetch, mung bean, alfalfa, lentil, snow pea, and lupine, as well as from t
  
  
  
  
   144 nse down-regulation, we generated transgenic alfalfa lines with a range of differences in lignin cont
   145  When constitutively expressed in transgenic alfalfa, M. truncatula or white clover, LAP1 induced mas
   146  encoding 4-coumarate 3-hydroxylase (C3H) in alfalfa massively but predictably increased the proporti
   147 on of cDNAs encoding five different forms of alfalfa MDH, including a plant cytosolic MDH (cMDH) and 
   148 nic amendments in the form of alfalfa hay or alfalfa meal was also helpful in lowering Se levels.    
  
   150 l molecule that enhances root respiration in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and also triggers a compens
  
  
   153 s 1D1609, which was originally isolated from alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), contains genes that increa
   154 the first to the sixth internode in stems of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), preceding the deposition o
  
   156 dies of calcium spiking in M. truncatula and alfalfa (Medicago sativa) also uncovered the possibility
  
   158 ons of these findings for the development of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) as a dedicated bioenergy crop.
   159 uction of lignin levels in the forage legume alfalfa (Medicago sativa) by down-regulation of the mono
  
  
   162 n Sinorhizobium meliloti and its legume host alfalfa (Medicago sativa) depends on the timely expressi
  
  
   165 T) in thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa) leads to strongly reduced lign
   166 0 nmol g(-1) fresh weight) was engineered in alfalfa (Medicago sativa) leaves by constitutive express
   167 ated compositional changes in two low-lignin alfalfa (Medicago sativa) lines with antisense down-regu
  
  
   170     Expression of MtPAR in the forage legume alfalfa (Medicago sativa) resulted in detectable levels 
  
   172 tubulin gene TubA1 in situ and in transgenic alfalfa (Medicago sativa) to explore its use as a probe 
   173 rements were used to construct an all-native alfalfa (Medicago sativa) transfer DNA vector that can b
   174  pathway were independently downregulated in alfalfa (Medicago sativa) using antisense and/or RNA int
   175 isms of uptake and distribution of silver in alfalfa (Medicago sativa) were quantified and visualized
  
  
   178 thia suspensa), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), alfalfa (Medicago sativa), and soybean (Glycine max).   
   179 guminous plants such as pea (Pisum sativum), alfalfa (Medicago sativa), barrel medic (Medicago trunca
   180 xceed efflux rates by 5% to 545% in roots of alfalfa (Medicago sativa), Medicago truncatula, maize (Z
   181 dulate, Maackia amurensis Rupr. & Maxim. and alfalfa (Medicago sativa), produced pseudonodules after 
   182 x production and confer drought tolerance in alfalfa (Medicago sativa), the most important forage leg
   183 ecretion and thereby enhance Al tolerance in alfalfa (Medicago sativa), we produced transgenic plants
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
   194  subgroup of the plant MAPKs, containing the alfalfa MMK3 and tobacco NTF6, are only active in mitoti
  
   196 c plants expressing the coat protein (CP) of alfalfa mosaic virus (AIMV) are resistant to infection b
  
  
   199 e, satellite tobacco necrosis virus RNA, and alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) 4, were used in wheat germ in
   200 s of two members of the Bromoviridae family, alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) and cucumber mosaic virus (CM
  
   202 tional switch model describing regulation of alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) replication have been tested 
  
  
   205 (Pfs25-CP VLP) comprising Pfs25 fused to the Alfalfa mosaic virus coat protein (CP) and produced thes
   206 engineered as translational fusions with the alfalfa mosaic virus coat protein and individually expre
  
  
  
  
   211 symbiosis between Sinorhizobium meliloti and alfalfa, mutations in GlnD, the major bacterial nitrogen
  
  
  
  
  
   217  and 70 genes were up-regulated in leaves of alfalfa or M. truncatula, respectively, in response to c
   218 es between individuals specialized to either alfalfa or red clover in order to perform both a biometr
   219    Nitrogen-fixing nodules on plants such as alfalfa, pea and vetch arise from the root inner cortex 
  
  
  
  
   224 spension cultures derived from the antisense alfalfa plants exhibited a delay in cell cycle from 24-h
   225 ve alfalfa lectin genes, lines of transgenic alfalfa plants expressing approximately half of the open
   226  levels and growth in a series of transgenic alfalfa plants in which lignin biosynthesis has been per
   227 is consistent with the fact that most of the alfalfa plants inoculated with the lsrB1 mutant were sho
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
   238 usly showed that transgenic Medicago sativa (alfalfa) plants overexpressing microRNA156 (miR156) show
   239 affordable, mass-produced nesting materials; alfalfa pollination efficacy; and emergence synchrony wi
   240 based/organic inputs; three perennial crops (alfalfa, poplar, and conifers); and four unmanaged ecosy
  
   242 the relative fitness on clover race (CR) and alfalfa race (AR) pea aphids on broad bean, red clover a
  
  
  
   246 hat forms between Sinorhizobium meliloti and alfalfa requires biosynthesis of Nod factor, a beta-1,4-
   247     Over-expression of UGT78G1 in transgenic alfalfa resulted in increased anthocyanin accumulation w
   248 ined high-pressure frozen/freeze-substituted alfalfa root cap cells with electron microscopy/tomograp
  
   250 r example, applying 5 nM lumichrome to young alfalfa roots increased plant growth by 8% (P < 0.05) af
   251  found that nodule-like structures formed on alfalfa roots only when the rhizobial strains produced N
  
  
  
  
  
   257 acquisition of such knowledge is hampered by alfalfa's tetrasomic inheritance and outcrossing nature.
  
  
   260 ee (GF) cereal-based foods, GF cookies using alfalfa seed flour (ASF), at different substitution leve
  
   262 urasian nonsocial pollinator transformed the alfalfa seed industry in North America, tripling seed pr
   263 e studies also demonstrated that the wounded alfalfa seedling infection model is a useful tool to ide
  
  
  
  
  
  
   270 trated that the M. truncatula sgr mutant and alfalfa SGR-RNAi lines showed hypersensitive-response-li
   271 hloem fibers in stems of forsythia, tobacco, alfalfa, soybean, and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). 
  
   273 tios for the association between illness and alfalfa sprout consumption ranged from 5.0 to infinity (
  
   275 nity control subjects to report having eaten alfalfa sprouts in the 5 days preceding illness (41% [17
  
  
   278 und that elevated bank strength (provided by alfalfa sprouts) relative to the cohesionless bed materi
   279 ever, new food sources such as leaf lettuce, alfalfa sprouts, and goat's milk have been identified, a
  
  
   282 ates in the monolignol pathway in developing alfalfa stem extracts revealed activities in the order: 
   283 y versus 5-hydroxyferuloyl CoA is present in alfalfa stem internodes, in which relative O-methyltrans
  
   285 eases of grapevines, citrus, coffee, almond, alfalfa, stone fruits, landscape ornamentals, and native
   286 19 cases and no controls recalled eating raw alfalfa-style sprouts in the 5 days before the patient's
   287 are unable to form an optimal symbiosis with alfalfa, suggesting that these novel genes may play a gr
   288 tant was also found to form pseudonodules on alfalfa that were delayed in appearance relative to thos
   289 should facilitate the genetic improvement of alfalfa, the acquisition of such knowledge is hampered b
   290 terium Rhizobium meliloti and plants such as alfalfa, the bacteria elicit the formation of nodules on
   291 olletotrichum trifolii, a fungal pathogen of alfalfa, the mutationally activated oncogenic fungal Ras
  
  
   294     Alfin1 function was tested in transgenic alfalfa under the control of the 35S promoter in the sen
  
  
   297 nificance of the two classes of GS1 genes in alfalfa, we have utilized antisense gene constructs aime
  
  
  
  
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