ライフサイエンスコーパス: alpha-defensin

1 l mice and is able to interact directly with alpha-defensin.

2 enzyme required for the processing of mouse alpha-defensins.

3 ce with colchicine to inhibit the release of alpha-defensins.

4 Cys residues, consistent with identities as alpha-defensins.

5 ise diverse sequences of all known mammalian alpha-defensins.

6 f infection before the release of neutrophil alpha-defensins.

7 ise diverse sequences of all known mammalian alpha-defensins.

8 to the primary structures of rhesus myeloid alpha-defensins.

9 eutralized by an antibody specific for human alpha-defensins.

10 distinct from both hBD2 and other mammalian alpha-defensins.

11 host defense by activating murine intestinal alpha-defensins.

12 ce of MMP7, we characterized colonic luminal alpha-defensins.

13 ne residues, making them distinct from other alpha-defensins.

14 due positions that MMP-7 activates mouse pro-alpha-defensins.

15 n defensins, we chemically synthesized human alpha-defensin 1 (HNP1) and several HNP1 analogs where t

16 Taken together, our results indicate that alpha-defensin 1, 2, and 3 collectively account for much

17 These proteins were identified as alpha-defensin 1, 2, and 3 on the basis of specific anti

18 sistent with that of WT in response to human alpha-defensin 1, mutant kinase F33A did not properly tr

19 A recent study reports that alpha-defensins 1 to 3 account for CAF activity against

20 V-1 infection following viral entry but that alpha-defensins 1 to 3 are not responsible for the HIV-1

21 activity and a neutralizing antibody against alpha-defensins 1 to 3 did not reverse the inhibitory ef

22 Furthermore, alpha-defensins 1 to 3 were below the level of detection

23 Our screen revealed that human alpha-defensins 1-3 [known as human neutrophil peptides

24 nate immune response through modification of alpha defensin-1 and perhaps other basic molecules, with

25 n airway epithelial cells modifies Arg-14 of alpha defensin-1.

26 , we studied the antiviral activity of human alpha-defensin-1 (also known as "human neutrophil peptid

27 Both recombinant alpha-defensin-1 and CAF derived from herpesvirus saimir

28 nd analysis of HIV-1 products indicated that alpha-defensin-1 and Go6976 blocked HIV-1 infection at s

29 We have previously shown that alpha-defensin-1 can inhibit HIV-1 replication following

30 In contrast to CAF, alpha-defensin-1 did not inhibit phorbol myristate aceta

31 These defensin-like chemokines and human alpha-defensin-1 directly inhibited Ad3 and Ad5 but not

32 Pretreatment of cells with alpha-defensin-1 followed by a washing out prior to infe

33 Alpha-defensin-1 had a direct effect on HIV-1 virions at

34 Studying the complex function of alpha-defensin-1 in innate immunity against HIV has impl

35 ation in primary CD4+ T cells in response to alpha-defensin-1 indicated that alpha-defensin-1 inhibit

36 response to alpha-defensin-1 indicated that alpha-defensin-1 inhibited PKC activity.

37 kinetics of the HIV life cycle revealed that alpha-defensin-1 inhibited steps following reverse trans

38 Taken together, our results suggest that alpha-defensin-1 inhibits HIV-1 infection following vira

39 s demonstrate that, in the absence of serum, alpha-defensin-1 may act directly on the virus, but, in

40 is was accompanied by a ten-fold increase in alpha-defensin-1 mRNA.

41 ddress whether alpha-defensins, particularly alpha-defensin-1, contribute to CAF-mediated inhibition

42 Like alpha-defensin-1, the PKC isoform-selective inhibitor Go

43 activator, bryostatin 1, partially reversed alpha-defensin-1-mediated HIV inhibition.

44 re we examined the molecular mechanism(s) of alpha-defensin-1-mediated HIV-1 inhibition.

45 ors CCCR5, CXCR4, and anti-microbial protein alpha-defensin-1.

46 ins, we chemically prepared human neutrophil alpha-defensin 2 (HNP2) and five HNP2 analogs, R5E/E13R,

47 invariant Gly17 residue in human neutrophil alpha-defensin 2 (HNP2) by L-Ala or one of the D-amino a

48 efensin cryptdin 4 (Crp4) and rhesus myeloid alpha-defensin 4 (RMAD-4) were replaced with Lys to prep

49 Because rhesus myeloid pro-alpha-defensin-4 (proRMAD-4((20-94))) lacks bactericidal

50 n mouse cryptdin-4 (Crp4) and rhesus myeloid alpha-defensin-4 (RMAD4), complete substitutions of Arg

51 expression levels of innate antimicrobials, alpha defensin 5 (HD5) and regenerating islet-derived 3

52 an neutrophil peptides (HNPs) 1-3] and human alpha-defensin 5 (HD-5) are potent antagonists of infect

53 tial for the host barrier, principally human alpha-defensin 5 (HD5) and HD6.

54 human neutrophil protein 1 (HNP1) and human alpha-defensin 5 (HD5) inhibit BKV infection by targetin

55 Human alpha-defensin 5 (HD5) is an innate immune effector pept

56 The antimicrobial peptide human alpha-defensin 5 (HD5) is expressed in Paneth cells, sec

57 Human alpha-defensins, such as human alpha-defensin 5 (HD5), block infection of non-enveloped

58 onserved Arg(6)-Glu(14) salt bridge in human alpha-defensin 5 (HD5), we chemically prepared HD5 and i

59 the interaction of an alpha-defensin, human alpha-defensin 5 (HD5), with HAdV led to a proposed mech

60 Human alpha-defensin 5 (HD5, HD5(ox) to specify the oxidized a

61 the anti-HIV properties of recombinant human alpha-defensin 5, mouse alpha-defensins, cryptdins (Crp)

62 ins (human neutrophil peptides 1-3 and human alpha-defensin 5; HD5) have a lectin-like ability to bin

63 stic of mature Paneth cells, including human alpha-defensins 5 and 6 (HD5 and HD6) and Paneth cell ly

64 Human alpha-defensin 6 (HD6) is a 32-aa cysteine-rich peptide

65 terial action is described for human enteric alpha-defensin 6, which forms structured nanonets to ent

66 In vivo, alpha defensin administration protected mice from inflam

67 data expand the previously known activity of alpha -defensins against influenza virus.

68 study elucidates a new antiviral action for alpha-defensins against nonenveloped viruses in which HD

69 To determine if alpha-defensins also govern intestinal microbial ecology

70 Synthetic and purified preparations of alpha-defensins also inhibited the replication of HIV-1

71 receptors resulted in significant release of alpha-defensins, an effect also induced by both human po

72 , including neutrophil count, interleukin-8, alpha defensins and MMP-9, demonstrate highly replicable

73 inhibitor (SLPI), elafin, pentraxin, LL-37, alpha-defensins and beta-defensin-2, and the protease ne

74 s study, we examine the interactions between alpha-defensins and IL-1beta and the role of defensin de

75 associated with reduced levels of intestinal alpha-defensins and ileal Crohn's disease.

76 variety of microbicidal molecules, including alpha-defensins and lysozyme.

77 activator capable of inactivating neutrophil alpha-defensins and of impairing phagocytosis via opsoni

78 the small intestinal crypt, secrete abundant alpha-defensins and other antimicrobial polypeptides inc

79 assist researchers or students interested in alpha-defensins and related aspects of neutrophil functi

80 Based on their chemotactic properties, alpha-defensins and their release by ANCA may contribute

81 The ability of CD91 to internalize alpha-defensins and to cross-present exogenous antigen t

82 ro peptide in the folding and functioning of alpha-defensins and/or pro alpha-defensins, we chemicall

83 tive alpha-defensins, N-terminally truncated alpha-defensins, and alpha-defensin variants with novel

84 man infection, including cathelicidin LL-37, alpha-defensins, and beta-defensins.

85 The alpha-defensin antimicrobial peptide family is defined b

86 Impaired expression of alpha-defensin antimicrobial peptides and overproduction

87 Alpha defensins are antimicrobial peptides with expressi

88 Alpha-defensins are abundant antimicrobial peptides in p

89 Thus, despite the absence of MMP7, mature alpha-defensins are abundant in MMP7(-/-) cecum and colo

90 Enteric alpha-defensins are antimicrobial peptides secreted by P

91 n the mammalian small intestine, Paneth cell alpha-defensins are antimicrobial peptides that contribu

92 We investigated whether enteric alpha-defensins are autoantigens in humans and mice with

93 Human alpha-defensins are cationic peptides that self-associat

94 e conclusion that rhesus macaque myeloid pro-alpha-defensins are converted to active forms by serine

95 al consequences of Arg-->Lys replacements in alpha-defensins are dependent on the peptide primary str

96 The structural features of alpha-defensins are described extensively and their func

97 Human alpha-defensins are evolutionarily conserved effectors o

98 alpha-Defensins are expressed constitutively in human ne

99 Alpha-defensins are mammalian antimicrobial peptides exp

100 Human alpha-defensins are proteins of the innate immune system

101 n stimulation by bacterial antigens, enteric alpha-defensins are secreted into the intestinal lumen w

102 , antitoxic, and binding properties of human alpha-defensins are summarized.

103 properties of HD6, an enigmatic Paneth cell alpha-defensin, are contrasted with those of the four my

104 including calprotectin, myeloperoxidase, and alpha-defensins, are proteins contained in neutrophil gr

105 To investigate the role of high alpha-defensin Arg content, all Arg residues in mouse Pa

106 ost defense peptides and proteins, including alpha-defensins, as mediators of innate immunity.

107 This release of alpha-defensins, as well as of other granule constituent

108 this invariant structural feature determines alpha-defensin bactericidal activity, mouse cryptdin-4 (

109 Thus, rather than determining alpha-defensin bactericidal activity, the Crp4 disulfide

110 Cationic amino acids contribute to alpha-defensin bactericidal activity.

111 This review of human alpha-defensins begins by describing their evolution, in

112 ammalian antimicrobial peptides were tested: alpha-defensins, beta-defensins, and cathelicidins.

113 sapA exposed to several human APs, including alpha-defensins, beta-defensins, and the cathelicidin LL

114 in, interleukin-1beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha, defensin-beta4A, chemokine ligand 5, and serum am

115 lar catalysis of defensin folding as well as alpha-defensin binding, although their binding modes app

116 y, we now provide direct evidence that human alpha-defensins block adenovirus infection by preventing

117 es that Arg is strongly selected over Lys in alpha-defensins but not in beta-defensins.

118 To test for activation of secreted pro-alpha-defensins by host and microbial proteinases in the

119 Human myeloid alpha-defensins called HNPs play multiple roles in innat

120 ovar Typhimurium decreases the expression of alpha-defensins (called cryptdins in mice) and lysozyme.

121 Neutrophil-derived alpha-defensins can inhibit angiogenesis.

122 enteric host defenses in nonhuman primates, alpha-defensin cDNAs were isolated, alpha-defensin pepti

123 the hypothesis that reduced expression of PC alpha-defensins compromises mucosal host defenses and pr

124 Intestinal Paneth cell-derived alpha-defensins constitute an integral part of the gut m

125 alent electropositive charges at neutral pH, alpha-defensins contain an average of nine Arg residues

126 The recent demonstration that human alpha-defensins could prevent deleterious effects of ant

127 nes and members of the defensin subfamilies, alpha-defensins (Crp-4), beta-defensins (HBD-2, HBD-3),

128 ntent, all Arg residues in mouse Paneth cell alpha-defensin cryptdin 4 (Crp4) and rhesus myeloid alph

129 tein (BPI)-derived peptide P2 and the murine alpha-defensin cryptdin-4 (Crp4).

130 efflux, but in a manner different from mouse alpha-defensin cryptdin-4.

131 The bactericidal activity of mouse alpha-defensins (cryptdins) requires proteolytic activat

132 r several other defensins, MBD-2, MBD-3, and alpha-defensins (cryptdins)-3 and -17, consistent with a

133 of recombinant human alpha-defensin 5, mouse alpha-defensins, cryptdins (Crp) 3 and 4, and rhesus mac

134 mer disulfide exchange between the canonical alpha-defensin Cys(II)-Cys(IV) (Cys(5)-Cys(20)) bonds lo

135 encoding components of the small intestinal (alpha-defensins Defa24 and Defa-rs1) and colonic (trefoi

136 s in the rat, suggesting that the neutrophil alpha-defensin defect in mice resulted from progressive

137 l is not appropriate for studying effects of alpha-defensin deficiency in cecal or colonic infection

138 Although Paneth cell alpha-defensin deficiency is associated with ileal micro

139 omplementary models, we detected significant alpha-defensin-dependent changes in microbiota compositi

140 acteristic end-to-end, Cys(3,31) (C I:C VI), alpha-defensin disulfide bond was replaced by a backbone

141 o-receptors in health and high expression of alpha-defensin during CP may comprise endogenous factors

142 includes antimicrobial peptides, such as the alpha-defensins, encoded by DEFA1A3, is important in pre

143 Cryptdin-4 (Crp4) is an alpha-defensin expressed in Paneth cells of the mouse sm

144 hey are also homologues of the more familiar alpha-defensins expressed by humans and certain other ma

145 Innate immune control, mediated in part by alpha-defensins expressed in the genital mucosa, may inf

146 Mammalian alpha-defensins, expressed primarily in leukocytes and e

147 Mammalian alpha-defensins, expressed primarily in leukocytes and e

148 controls restored the attenuated Paneth cell alpha-defensin expression characteristic of patients wit

149 The functional consequence of alpha-defensin expression levels was examined by using a

150 The conserved tridisulfide array of the alpha-defensin family imposes a common triple-stranded b

151 l peptide cryptdin-4 (Crp4), a member of the alpha-defensin family, is shown to translocate cooperati

152 There are six members of the human alpha-defensin family: four human neutrophil peptides, i

153 sulting cyclic defensins retained the native alpha-defensin fold and showed equivalent or better micr

154 e adopts the canonical disulfide pairing and alpha-defensin fold.

155 ght on the molecular mechanisms by which pro alpha-defensins fold in vivo.

156 salt bridge is not required for correct pro-alpha-defensin folding.

157 , PsVs remained susceptible to inhibition by alpha-defensins for many hours after initial binding to

158 However, even the low concentrations of alpha-defensins found in normal human serum suffice to b

159 Here we report the discovery of new alpha-defensins from rhesus macaque oral mucosa and dete

160 Thus, compared to myeloid alpha-defensins from rhesus macaques, enteric alpha-defe

161 stinal microbiota of mice expressing a human alpha-defensin gene (DEFA5) and in mice lacking an enzym

162 In C57BL/6 mice, alpha-defensin gene diversification appears to have occu

163 uild with respect to the organization of the alpha-defensin gene locus.

164 ecently reported for innate immunity-related alpha-defensin genes DEFA1 and DEFA3 and beta-defensin g

165 number variation at the human anti-microbial alpha-defensin genes DEFA1 and DEFA3, encoding human neu

166 at are closely related to functional myeloid alpha-defensin genes in the rat, suggesting that the neu

167 lic octadecapeptides encoded by the modified alpha-defensin genes of certain nonhuman primates.

168 Conversely, alpha-defensin genes were upregulated in P9 tissues.

169 -37) and murine (CRAMP) cathelicidins, human alpha-defensin (HBD-1, HBD-2), and a control peptide.

170 Human alpha-defensin (HD) 6 is highly expressed by secretory P

171 In humans, the alpha defensin HD5 is produced by specialized epithelial

172 ides in the small intestine, including human alpha-defensins HD5 and HD6.

173 This study examined the ability of a human alpha defensin, HD5, to neutralize JCPyV infection in hu

174 ce to LL-37 and beta-defensin HBD-3, but not alpha-defensin HNP-2.

175 usceptible to destabilizing effects of human alpha-defensins HNP-1 and HD-5 and the synthetic theta-d

176 Here, we report that human alpha-defensins HNP-1 to HNP-3 acted in a concentration-

177 Human alpha-defensins HNP-4 and HD-6 and human beta-defensin-1

178 n neutrophils contain large amounts of three alpha-defensins (HNP-1-HNP-3), and smaller amounts of a

179 formed a comprehensive alanine scan of human alpha-defensin HNP1 and tested the ability of the result

180 re contrasted with those of the four myeloid alpha-defensins (HNP1-4) and of HD5, the other alpha-def

181 Noncytotoxic concentrations of all six alpha-defensins (HNP1-4, HD5, and HD6) and human beta-de

182 Human neutrophil peptide alpha-defensins (HNPs) and human beta-defensins (HBDs) a

183 Human neutrophil alpha-defensins (HNPs) are cationic antimicrobial peptid

184 Human neutrophil alpha-defensins (HNPs) are synthesized in vivo as inacti

185 tested the hypothesis that human neutrophil alpha-defensins (HNPs) inhibit hepatic glucose productio

186 We also show, for the first time, that human alpha-defensins, HNPs 1-3, are lectins that bind with re

187 ments indicated that retrocyclin 2 and human alpha defensins human neutrophil peptide 1 (HNP 1) to HN

188 Our data show that alpha-defensin human neutrophil protein 1 (HNP1) and hum

189 We have reported that the alpha-defensins human neutrophil peptides (HNP)-1 and HN

190 HDPs of relevant immune sources: neutrophil alpha-defensin (human neutrophil peptide 1 [hNP-1]), cut

191 d rhesus theta-defensins 1-3) and four human alpha-defensins (human neutrophil peptides (HNPs) 1-4) t

192 Four of the six human alpha-defensins (human neutrophil peptides 1-3 and human

193 In this study, we quantitated the release of alpha-defensins (human neutrophil peptides 1-3) from hum

194 Human alpha-defensins [human neutrophil peptides (HNPs)] are i

195 sm of action of the most abundant neutrophil alpha defensin, Human Neutrophil Peptide 1 (HNP1).

196 us structural study on the interaction of an alpha-defensin, human alpha-defensin 5 (HD5), with HAdV

197 Unlike alpha-defensins, human beta-defensins and mouse procrypt

198 inant functional role in the action of human alpha-defensins; hydrophobicity-mediated high-order asse

199 2-deficient mice by transgenic expression of alpha-defensin in Paneth cells rescued the Th1 inflammat

200 roHD5 and subsequent stabilization of mature alpha-defensin in vivo.

201 studies show that five abundant Paneth cell alpha-defensins in C57BL/6 mice are strain specific in t

202 To investigate the role of alpha-defensins in enteric host defenses in nonhuman pri

203 tribute to a debate over the role of enteric alpha-defensins in mucosal immunity against HIV-1 infect

204 elated sequence peptides form a subfamily of alpha-defensins in murine but not human Paneth cells tha

205 MMP7(-/-) mice lack mature alpha-defensins in Paneth cells, accumulating unprocesse

206 d facilitate further analyses of the role of alpha-defensins in primate enteric immunity.

207 Our data ascribe a new homeostatic role to alpha-defensins in regulating the makeup of the commensa

208 small intestinal crypts secrete microbicidal alpha-defensins in response to bacteria and bacterial an

209 Given the role of alpha-defensins in shaping the composition of the enteri

210 MMP7(-/-) mice only lack processed alpha-defensins in the small intestine, and the model is

211 nesis using transgenic mice expressing human alpha-defensins in their polymorphonuclear leukocytes (D

212 oduce procryptdins but not mature cryptdins (alpha-defensins) in the intestine, were more susceptible

213 It was found that alpha-defensins, including mouse Paneth cell defensins c

214 ity provides evidence that specific types of alpha-defensin-induced membrane curvature-generating ten

215 Together, these data show that alpha-defensins inhibit pathologic retinal neovasculariz

216 nd fusion and found that, surprisingly, this alpha-defensin inhibited multiple steps of virus entry,

217 Recently, we demonstrated that alpha-defensins interfere with alpha5beta1-FN interactio

218 Paneth cells secrete microbicidal enteric alpha-defensins into the small intestinal lumen, and cry

219 g5-Glu13 salt bridge found in most mammalian alpha-defensins is conserved for defensin in vivo stabil

220 d, demonstrating that only the pro-domain of alpha-defensins is normally accessible for cleavage by t

221 Accelerated Def(+/+) mice developed alpha-defensin.LDL complexes that accelerate the clearan

222 The alpha-defensin levels observed range from 1 to 10 microg

223 ed that the molecular masses of the putative alpha-defensins matched those of the six most abundant k

224 Characterizing the mechanism of action of alpha -defensins may lead to the identification of new s

225 des, suggesting that the high Arg content of alpha-defensins may be under selection to confer superio

226 Thus, alpha-defensins may play an important role in intestinal

227 Paneth cell alpha-defensins mediate host defense and homeostasis at

228 The alpha-defensin-mediated innate mucosal immunity was main

229 Small intestinal Paneth cells secrete alpha-defensin microbicidal peptides as mediators of inn

230 factor-alpha-induced shock, that Paneth cell alpha-defensins modulate the composition of the small in

231 idence that the disulfide array protects the alpha-defensin moiety from degradation by the myeloid co

232 Although native Crp4 and the alpha-defensin moiety of proCrp4 resisted proteolysis co

233 h significant mechanistic data are known for alpha-defensins, molecular details for beta-defensin inh

234 , abundance of chromogranin A, gut hormones, alpha-defensin, mucin 2, Na(+)/glucose co-transporter 1

235 Intact, native alpha-defensins, N-terminally truncated alpha-defensins,

236 ta-tile" peptide analogs of a typical rabbit alpha-defensin, NP-1.

237 pha-defensins (HNP1-4) and of HD5, the other alpha-defensin of human Paneth cells.

238 ingly, we tested the hypothesis that enteric alpha-defensins of Paneth cell origin persist in a funct

239 s, we studied the effect of human neutrophil alpha-defensins on low density lipoprotein (LDL) traffic

240 reviously ascribed to solution structures of alpha-defensins or to the beta-defensin BNBD-12.

241 Alpha-defensins (or Cryptdins [Crps]) are a group of ant

242 ependent secretion occurs within minutes and alpha-defensins, or cryptdins, account for 70% of the re

243 ion to informing the antiviral mechanisms of alpha-defensins, our studies highlight the critical role

244 Here, we address whether alpha-defensins, particularly alpha-defensin-1, contribu

245 lpha-defensins from rhesus macaques, enteric alpha-defensin peptides are highly variable in both prim

246 (Crp4) is the most bactericidal of the mouse alpha-defensin peptides in vitro.

247 rimates, alpha-defensin cDNAs were isolated, alpha-defensin peptides were purified from rhesus macaqu

248 n SFB dysbiosis due to reduced expression of alpha-defensins, Pigr, and Nox1.

249 Because mouse alpha-defensin precursors are cleaved and activated by m

250 cells is sufficient to process and activate alpha-defensin precursors.

251 ursors, and that catalysis at these sites in alpha-defensin pro-domains results in acquisition of def

252 lloproteinase-7 (MMP7) converts inactive pro-alpha-defensins (proCrps) to bactericidal forms by prote

253 In vivo, matrilysin (MMP7) activates pro-alpha-defensins (procryptdins), but in vitro, processing

254 efective NOD2 function can result in reduced alpha-defensin production by intestinal Paneth cells and

255 th mouse genome assemblies contain conserved alpha-defensin pseudogenes that are closely related to f

256 vage are more common at the amino termini of alpha-defensin rather than beta-defensin precursors, and

257 Six rhesus enteric alpha-defensin (RED) cDNAs, RED-1 to RED-6, were identif

258 ed the level of expression of rhesus enteric alpha-defensins (REDs) in the jejunal mucosa of rhesus m

259 Systemic and local administration of alpha-defensins reduced retinal neovascularization by 45

260 Mouse Paneth cells also express alpha-defensin-related Defcr-rs genes that code for cyst

261 rodimeric splicing of similar 76-amino acid, alpha-defensin-related precursors, termed RTD1a and RTD1

262 We previously reported that alpha defensins, released from apoptotic human neutrophi

263 Mouse Paneth cell alpha-defensins require the proteolytic activation of pr

264 efensins but had relatively little effect on alpha-defensin resistance.

265 Thus, alpha-defensins resulting from mutations at MMP-7 cleava

266 Microscopic studies of PsV inhibition by the alpha-defensins revealed that they block virion escape f

267 ther characterize the dimer interface of the alpha-defensins, revealing a crucial role of hydrophobic

268 Therefore, two alpha-defensins, RMAD-4 and Crp3, inhibit or augment HIV

269 ns (Crp) 3 and 4, and rhesus macaque myeloid alpha-defensins (RMADs) 3 and 4 were determined in vitro

270 alpha-defensins, termed rhesus macaque oral alpha-defensins (ROADs).

271 Thus, Paneth cell alpha-defensins secreted into the small intestinal lumen

272 rate that mIKCa1 is modulator of Paneth cell alpha-defensin secretion and disclose an involvement in

273 chia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, the six alpha-defensins showed bactericidal activity that correl

274 Human alpha-defensins, small cationic antimicrobial peptides,

275 In vitro, alpha-defensins specifically inhibited alpha5beta1-integ

276 macaque oral mucosa and determine the first alpha-defensin structure from that species.

277 ct surface features when compared with other alpha-defensin structures.

278 Human alpha-defensins, such as human alpha-defensin 5 (HD5), b

279 Enteric alpha-defensins, termed cryptdins (Crps) in mice, are hi

280 small intestinal crypts secrete microbicidal alpha-defensins, termed cryptdins (Crps) in mice, as med

281 In mouse Paneth cells, alpha-defensins, termed cryptdins (Crps), are activated

282 In mice, production of mature Paneth cell alpha-defensins, termed cryptdins (Crps), requires prote

283 Intestinal-specific antimicrobial alpha-defensins, termed cryptdins, are secreted into the

284 small intestine crypts secrete microbicidal alpha-defensins, termed cryptdins, as components of ente

285 hat contain antimicrobial peptides including alpha-defensins, termed cryptdins.

286 al mucosal tissues, disclosing three mucosal alpha-defensins, termed rhesus macaque oral alpha-defens

287 e between Arg and Lys is more evident in the alpha-defensin than in the beta-defensin and is more evi

288 This demonstrates that binding of alpha-defensin to molecules involved in HIV-1 fusion is

289 py showed RMAD-4 and Crp3 had characteristic alpha-defensin tridisulfide arrays.

290 N-terminally truncated alpha-defensins, and alpha-defensin variants with novel N termini due to alte

291 The specific decrease of alpha-defensins was independent of the degree of inflamm

292 nd functioning of alpha-defensins and/or pro alpha-defensins, we chemically attached the proHNP1 pro

293 s of the conserved Arg5-Glu13 salt bridge in alpha-defensins, we chemically prepared human neutrophil

294 These alpha-defensins were also shown to bind to surfactant pr

295 alpha-Defensins were detected in human diabetic retinas

296 Mature alpha-defensins were identified by N-terminal sequencing

297 Here, alpha-defensins were studied in hypoxia-induced prolifer

298 imens also showed decreased expression of PC alpha-defensins, whereas the expression of eight other P

299 Because alpha-defensins, which are cationic antimicrobial peptid

300 ty-mediated high-order assembly endows human alpha-defensins with an extraordinary ability to acquire