ライフサイエンスコーパス: amber

1 rock and as inclusions in fossilized resins (amber).

2 n Collembola (the first is also preserved in amber).

3 otransistors from 495 nm (blue) to 590 nm (amber).

4 re studied with the QM/MM method ONIOM(B3LYP:AMBER).

5 iments using a 20-million-year-old Dominican amber.

6 Ma older than the earliest prior records in amber.

7 croscopic "conservation traps" comparable to amber.

8 supported by the molecular modeling package AMBER.

9 f any phytophagous insect group preserved in amber.

10 emidid damselfly from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber.

11 force fields available for RNA, the parmbsc0 AMBER.

12 likely-termitophilous rove beetle in Burmese amber [2].

13 The force fields are AMBER 4.1, BMS, CHARMM22, and CHARMM27; the comparison o

14 ling and molecular dynamics simulations with AMBER 6.0, investigating a T7 DNA polymerase primer-temp

15 We use the AMBER 96 potential function with an implicit (GB/SA) mod

16 te termitophiles from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber (99 mya).

17 e potentials, including a new variant of the AMBER-99 force field, denoted AMBER-99 phi, which shows

18 From bulk analysis of the simulated AMBER-99 phi equilibrium, we find that the folding lands

19 variant of the AMBER-99 force field, denoted AMBER-99 phi, which shows improved agreement with experi

20 Escherichia coli for suppression of the lac amber A24 mutation; then relevant tRNA(Pyl) mutants were

21 Figure 1, left), from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber, about 99 million years old.

22 between 1 and 14 days for two beer types: an amber ale and an India pale ale.

23 ing evidence for melanin pigmentation in the amber and compression fossils, but Raman spectral bands

24 ized orthogonal translation system that uses amber and evolved quadruplet-decoding transfer RNAs to e

25 our of honey ranged from 34 to 85 with light amber and extra light amber colours.

26 cantly smaller than those generated by blue, amber and red lights.

27 poson as demonstrated by the substitution of amber and/or in-frame deletions in six different genes.

28 Molecular mechanics (Amber) and semiempirical (AM1) calculations suggested si

29 b files or trajectories taken from; Gromacs, Amber, and DL_POLY.

30 mbion compactus gen. et sp. nov., in Burmese amber ( approximately 99 million years old), displaying

31 from two specimens in mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber ( approximately 99 million years old).

32 (new family)] from Early Cretaceous Burmese amber (approximately 100 million years before the presen

33 eptor (A), and a photo-insensitive molecule (Amber) as a nonfluorescent (N) place holder: namely, NDA

34 ular mechanics method (SORCI+Q//B3LYP/6-31G*:Amber) between vertebrate (bovine) and invertebrate (squ

35 Here, we report a unique amber biota (50-53 million years ago) from the Lower Eoc

36 ted so far, making it among the most diverse amber biotas.

37 timated for the monopole-based force fields, AMBER, CHARMM, and OPLSAA.

38 art and a stop that can even be a suppressed amber codon 22 nucleotides further downstream from the r

39 yl- l-phenylalanine (Bpa) in response to the amber codon allowed the biosynthesis of Bpa-substituted

40 ded this unique amino acid in response to an amber codon allowing a single 1 to be placed at any loca

41 n from approximately 20% to >60% on a single amber codon and from <1% to >20% on two amber codons.

42 media and the protein of interest with a TAG amber codon at the desired incorporation site.

43 stal structure of MtmB demonstrated that the amber codon codes for pyrrolysine, the 22nd genetically

44 of unnatural amino acids in response to the amber codon in Escherichia coli.

45 Pyrrolysine is represented by an amber codon in genes encoding proteins such as the methy

46 Pyrrolysine is an amino acid encoded by the amber codon in genes required for methylamine utilizatio

47 oration of this amino acid in response to an amber codon in mammalian cells.

48 e activity in vitro is not solely due to the amber codon in ureD.

49 Expression of pylTSBCD also suppressed an amber codon introduced into the E. coli uidA gene.

50 The amber codon is recognized in the 30S subunit-decoding ce

51 In nearly all cases, the amber codon is used as a sense codon, and an orthogonal

52 the radical trap 3-amino tyrosine (NH2Y) by amber codon suppression at positions Y731 or Y730 and in

53 Amber codon suppression for the insertion of non-natural

54 Here we utilize amber codon suppression in a membrane-bound transporter

55 ite-specific incorporation into proteins via amber codon suppression in Escherichia coli and mammalia

56 vo incorporation of unnatural amino acids by amber codon suppression is limited by release factor-1-m

57 S can be redesigned to achieve high-fidelity amber codon suppression through delivery of p-bromopheny

58 We used amber codon suppression to introduce the photoreactive u

59 site-specific introduction into proteins via amber codon suppression using the wild-type pyrrolysyl-t

60 ters and (ii) selection of tRNA for enhanced amber codon suppression.

61 tem cells and mouse embryonic fibroblasts to amber codon suppression.

62 nzymes are encoded by genes with an in-frame amber codon that is translated as pyrrolysine.

63 fluoromethylphenylalanine in response to the amber codon UAG.

64 g the efficiency of suppression at a gene II amber codon upstream from the gene X start, the already

65 ne dihydrofolate reductase in response to an amber codon with at least 98% fidelity.

66 ight unnatural amino acids in response to an amber codon with high yields and fidelities.

67 cognate orthogonal tRNA that recognizes the amber codon, are encoded on the plasmid pSUPAR6-L3-3SY,

68 ecodes a series of quadruplet codons and the amber codon, providing several blank codons on an orthog

69 efficiently incorporated at a predefined UAG amber codon, thereby competing with RF1 rather than RF2.

70 system that site-specifically--using the UAG amber codon--inserts Sec depending on the elongation fac

71 ally encode this initiator in response to an amber codon.

72 the MaThg1 gene and transcript confirmed the amber codon.

73 red compared to results using the three-base amber codon.

74 cysteine codon has been replaced by the UAG amber codon.

75 Thg1 (MaThg1) gene contains an in-frame TAG (amber) codon.

76 -X) improves tRNA(CUA)-dependent decoding of amber codons placed in orthogonal mRNA.

77 ural amino acid incorporation in response to amber codons.

78 ngle amber codon and from <1% to >20% on two amber codons.

79 om 34 to 85 with light amber and extra light amber colours.

80 The method utilizes an amber (CUA) initiator suppressor tRNA chemically aminoac

81 an additional 17 fossil anoles in Dominican amber dating to 15-20 My before the present.

82 hetase, ligates pyrrolysine to tRNA(Pyl) for amber decoding as pyrrolysine.

83 rrolysine requires the pylT gene product, an amber-decoding tRNA(Pyl) that is aminoacylated with pyrr

84 The primary dentition showed amber discoloration, pulp obliteration, and severe attri

85 may have contributed to the formation of the amber droplets, but we find that the abundance of amber

86 droplets, but we find that the abundance of amber during the Carnian (ca. 230 Ma) is globally anomal

87 Previous attempts to visualize the amber-encoded residue by mass spectrometry identified on

88 m mass spectrometry revealed the mass of the amber-encoded residue in MtmB, MtbB, and MttB as 237.2 +

89 rrolysine and the first demonstration of the amber-encoded residue in proteins other than MtmB.

90 and feather development of DIP-V-15103, the amber-entombed tail section that we recently reported [2

91 The occurrence of arthropods in amber exclusively from the Cretaceous and Cenozoic is wi

92 DP agar and smaller amounts of yellow-brown (amber) extracellular pigment(s).

93 h a force field, the relative weights of the Amber ff03 all-atom potential supplemented by an explici

94 ll-atom molecular dynamics simulations using AMBER FF03 and the generalized-Born solvation model.

95 d-long molecular dynamics simulations, using AMBER FF03 force field and a generalized-Born solvation

96 ions, while that of PARSE, AMBER parm99, and AMBER ff03 performed more poorly.

97 "transferable." Here we show that, while the AMBER ff03 potential is known to favor helical structure

98 he relative weights of the components of the Amber ff03 potential on a large set of decoy structures

99 figurations, simulations of both proteins in Amber ff03( *) in explicit solvent fold to within 2.0 A

100 idues with two recent additive force fields, Amber ff03w and Amber ff99SB( *).

101 h an optimized all-atom protein force field (Amber ff03w) and an accurate water model (TIP4P/2005) to

102 an 0.8 mus MD simulation computed using the Amber ff10 force field as well as to determine an atomic

103 dilution by simulation with the CHARMM36 and Amber ff12SB force fields.

104 eine residues; the net simulation time using Amber ff14SB force field was 61 mus.

105 s by using new generation TIP4P-Ew water and Amber ff99SB protein force fields, in which the NMR vali

106 captured well by both energy functions, with Amber ff99SB( *) being more accurate.

107 g of residue charges for charged residues in Amber ff99SB( *) significantly improves their helix prop

108 ecent additive force fields, Amber ff03w and Amber ff99SB( *).

109 We identify AMBER ff99SB, AMBER ff99SB*, and OPLS-AA/L to be most suitable for stu

110 We identify AMBER ff99SB, AMBER ff99SB*, and OPLS-AA/L to be most su

111 erent simulation force fields (OPLS-AA/L and AMBER ff99SB-ILDN).

112 hlights the unique preservation potential of amber for understanding the morphology and evolution of

113 The AMBER force field and generalized Born implicit solvent

114 inst various types of experimental data, the AMBER force field ff99SB was benchmarked in recent years

115 h B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) for the QM part and the AMBER force field for the MM part were used to examine t

116 Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations using AMBER force field in explicit solvent were run for over

117 g mini-protein designated as tc5b with a new AMBER force field parameter set developed based on conde

118 P2/6-31+G* level and the MM method using the AMBER force field.

119 orted copper metal-ligand parameters for the AMBER force field.

120 for each isomer using minimization with the AMBER force field.

121 nctional and the environment by means of the AMBER force field.

122 ical force fields such as the ENZYMIX or the AMBER force fields.

123 ble, those obtained using last generation of AMBER force-fields (BSC1 and BSC0OL15) show predictive p

124 nov., from Early Cenomanian La Buzinie amber (France), preserved with its marsupial pouch and c

125 he first fossil neotropical flowers found in amber from a representative of the asterids.

126 Recent discoveries in Cretaceous amber from Canada, France, Japan, Lebanon, Myanmar, and

127 n the study of fossil insects, Chinese amber from Fushun has been largely overlooked.

128 ( approximately 52 million years old) Cambay amber from India.

129 ved in mid-Cretaceous ( approximately 99 Ma) amber from Kachin State, Myanmar [17], with plumage stru

130 Amber from Myanmar (Burmese amber) is an important sourc

131 preserved in Early Cretaceous (ca. 100 mya) amber from Myanmar, one described as Krishnatermes yoddh

132 New zhangsolvid specimens in amber from Spain (ca. 105 mega-annum [Ma]) and Myanmar (

133 f a green lacewing larva in Early Cretaceous amber from Spain with specialized cuticular processes fo

134 Abundant 230 million-year-old amber from the Late Triassic (Carnian) of northeastern I

135 uantum calculations than the ordering on the AMBER/GBSA(water) surface.

136 ring of the minimum energy structures on the AMBER/GBSA(water), OPLSAA/GBSA(water) and HF/6-311G/SCRF

137 files can be used for CHARMM, NAMD, GROMACS, AMBER, GENESIS, LAMMPS, Desmond, OpenMM, and CHARMM/Open

138 sing the conformers within 5 kcal/mol of the AMBER global minimum.

139 itive, and user-friendly environment and the AMBER GPU code for a robust and high-performance simulat

140 ent of an automated workflow tool to perform AMBER GPU MD simulations.

141 th an 'Anton' machine and large ensembles of AMBER GPU simulations.

142 ce by molecular mechanics calculations using AMBER has provided three-dimensional potential energy ma

143 sible traces of colour, while discoveries in amber have been disassociated from their source animals.

144 With the taxa reported herein, the Mexican amber holds the greatest diversity of fossil copepods wo

145 All the honeys, except for a Malaysian "Amber honey" stimulated the release of TNF-alpha from mo

146 nsect inclusions from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber in astonishing detail.

147 We have found Class I (polylabdanoid) amber in Carboniferous sediments dating to approximately

148 roplebeia dominicana, recovered from Miocene amber in the Dominican Republic, that is 15-20 million y

149 esy in 16 million-year-old Miocene Dominican amber involving a springtail being transported by a mayf

150 Mid-Tertiary Dominican amber is a rich source for such fossils, and representat

151 Fushun amber is derived from cupressaceous trees, as determined

152 anine-related phenotypic suppression of lacZ amber is enhanced by mutations in genes related to the p

153 Although amber is particularly noted for its detailed preservatio

154 rther recovery of arthropods in Carnian-aged amber is promising and will have profound implications f

155 The preservation of aquatic arthropods in amber is unusual but offers a unique insight into ancien

156 Amber from Myanmar (Burmese amber) is an important source of new information on the

157 electronic-embedding approach (B3LYP/6-31G*:AMBER) level of theory and the S0-->S1 electronic-excita

158 ding approach (TD-B3LYP/6-31G*//B3LYP/6-31G*:AMBER) level of theory, are in very good agreement with

159 ies were carried out at the ONIOM(B3LYP/BP86/Amber) level on the non-heme diiron enzyme benzoyl coenz

160 Illumination with amber light acidified the surrounding interstitium and l

161 tected without sample destruction through an amber matrix using confocal Raman spectroscopy.

162 Fossils preserved in amber may provide significant palaeoevolutionary and bio

163 of carotenoids in six feathers preserved in amber (Miocene to mid-Cretaceous) and in a feather prese

164 An energy- minimized AMBER model of the 1:2 complex, [d(GGAGCTCC)(2)(ACRAMTU)

165 An AMBER model reflecting the NMR results shows that bracke

166 T4 motA amber [motA(Am)] or asiA(Am) phage grows poorly in wild-

167 with plasmids carrying the genes for a pyrE2 amber mutant and the serine amber suppressor tRNA yielde

168 s a test, Bpa was incorporated using a Phe14 amber mutant isolated from the scanning library.

169 essor was demonstrated for the lacZ and xylA amber mutants.

170 For example, lambda phages with an amber mutation in any head gene or in FI, the gene encod

171 We were unable to isolate an amber mutation in ftsZ.

172 The strain carrying an amber mutation in murA was by far the most sensitive, sh

173 h a mutant N4 isolate (N4am229) harboring an amber mutation in Orf65 yielded virions containing (N4gp

174 Thus, an auxotrophic amber mutation in the pyrE2 gene can be complemented by

175 o position 14 in firefly luciferase using an amber mutation or introducing the four-codon nucleotide

176 superfolder green fluorescent protein at an amber mutation site in Escherichia coli.

177 ther understand the role of gp32, we created amber mutations at codons 24 and 204 of gene 32, which e

178 he six mutants that we examined retained two amber mutations in gene 38 and had a different coiled-co

179 pressor was used here in the construction of amber mutations in seven essential E. coli genes.

180 ne, was genetically encoded in E. coli by an amber nonsense codon and corresponding orthogonal tRNA/a

181 oded in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by using an amber nonsense codon and corresponding orthogonal tRNA/a

182 g the modified amino acid in response to the amber nonsense codon TAG.

183 For example, the amber nonsense codon, TAG, together with orthogonal Meth

184 lly inserts sulfotyrosine in response to the amber nonsense codon, TAG.

185 ode unnatural amino acids in response to the amber nonsense codon, TAG.

186 protein in mammalian cells in response to an amber nonsense codon.

187 essed in Escherichia coli in response to the amber nonsense codon.

188 amino acids in response to three independent amber nonsense codons in sperm whale myoglobin or green

189 amino acids at specific sites designated by amber nonsense codons.

190 a complete set of orthogonal 21st synthetase-amber, ochre and opal suppressor tRNA pairs including th

191 Amber, ochre and opal suppressor tRNAs with a wide range

192 We show that amber, ochre and opal suppressor tRNAs, derived from Esc

193 roteins and for the regulated suppression of amber, ochre and opal termination codons in mammalian ce

194 using the beta-gal gene as a reporter, that amber, ochre, and opal suppressors derived from the seri

195 lized pollination mode from Early Cretaceous amber of Spain, wherein four female thrips representing

196 Fossil amber offers the opportunity to investigate the dynamics

197 eadache significantly less than white, blue, amber or red lights.

198 gnificant criteria required for an efficient amber orthogonal suppressor tRNA are a CU(X)XXXAA antico

199 mplicit-solvent model, as implemented in the AMBER package.

200 zations, parm99chi_YIL and parm99TOR, of the AMBER parm99 force field improve the agreement between s

201 arger rmsd value of 1.28 pH units, while the AMBER parm99 parameter set resulted in a considerably po

202 bly robust predictions, while that of PARSE, AMBER parm99, and AMBER ff03 performed more poorly.

203 cations according to packaging material (PET amber, PET transparent and tinplate can) and light expos

204 ambda, a negative model proposes that in the amber phages, unassembled capsid components are inhibito

205 om simulations under several variants of the AMBER potential in explicit solvent using a global distr

206 of a set of eight helical peptides under the AMBER potential using implicit solvent.

207 Here we report the first discovery of amber-preserved harpacticoid copepods, represented by te

208 40 ns MD trajectories were obtained with the AMBER program suite.

209 rich deposits of 99 million-year-old Burmese amber resolves ambiguity regarding sociality and diversi

210 using enzyme design modules from Rosetta and AMBER's MMPBSA.

211 t evidence in 99 million-year-old Cretaceous amber showing that hard ticks and ticks of the extinct n

212 tic affinities to those from coeval European ambers, showing a biotic interchange between the eastern

213 persists for at least 1 mus, whereas in the AMBER simulation, it remains highly dynamic; additional

214 The simulations were carried out using the Amber software on inexpensive GPUs, providing approximat

215 A. margulisae from Late Albian Penacerrada I amber (Spain) possess four pairs of rudimentary oostegit

216 McKellar et al. analyzed Late Cretaceous amber specimens from Canada and identified some filament

217 is caused by a transversion that produces an amber stop at codon 87.

218 lcrV alleles with missense mutations in its amber stop codon (lcrV(*327)).

219 amino acid incorporation in response to the amber stop codon (UAG) in mammalian cells is commonly co

220 e a suppression-mimicking allele lacking the amber stop codon and extended 7 amino acids did not.

221 n of different amino acids in response to an amber stop codon by utilizing switchable designer transf

222 dentified, resulting in a substitution of an amber stop codon for glutamine.

223 )-phenylalanine (VSF, 3), in response to the amber stop codon in Escherichia coli.

224 We observed extensive opal and amber stop codon reassignments in bacteriophages and of

225 sidues introduced into viral capsids through amber stop codon suppression.

226 amino acids into proteins in response to the amber stop codon UAG.

227 l) was developed to scan a gene with the TAG amber stop codon with complete synthetic control.

228 Using the amber stop codon, the incorporation efficiencies of inje

229 o acid, is incorporated in response to a UAG amber stop codon.

230 nd nsP4 was replaced with an opal, ochre, or amber stop codon.

231 en reading frames (ORFs) that terminate with amber stop codons in the Escherichia coli genome, includ

232 nical translation machinery and can suppress amber stop codons to incorporate selenocysteine with hig

233 Amber stop codons were introduced as "tagalong" mutation

234 urine dihydrofolate reductase in response to amber stop codons with at least 98% fidelity.

235 ues into recombinant proteins in response to amber stop codons.

236 om unmeasurably low levels up to 43% of a no amber stop control.

237 in vitro translation of mRNAs containing an amber-stop codon in the signal peptide in the presence o

238 The calculations were performed using the AMBER suite of programs and the parm94 force field, vali

239 ll-defined state-of-the-art MD protocol, the AMBER suite of programs, and the parm94 force field.

240 rried out using a well-defined protocol, the AMBER suite of programs, and the parm94 force field.

241 ) calculations were then performed using the AMBER suite to validate the newly generated force field.

242 RNA synthetase (RS) pair is used to generate amber suppressing tRNAs charged with the UAA.

243 nthetase (PylRS) attaches pyrrolysine to the amber-suppressing tRNA(Pyl).

244 Using the amber suppression approach, N() -(4-azidobenzoxycarbonyl

245 a variant exhibiting significantly improved amber suppression efficiency.

246 Using amber suppression in coordination with a mutant pyrrolys

247 growth rates and is mutually orthogonal with amber suppression, permitting the simultaneous incorpora

248 In this work, by combining amber suppression-mediated non-natural amino acid incorp

249 ve site are replaced by 3-chlorotyrosine via amber suppression.

250 or U50:A64 base pairs increases the in vivo amber suppressor activity of initiator tRNA mutants that

251 and in the anticodon sequence necessary for amber suppressor activity.

252 mino acids (ncAAs) by introducing orthogonal amber suppressor aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase/tRNA pairs in

253 ylation modulates RAD52 function, we used an amber suppressor technology to substitute tyrosine 104 w

254 M. barkeri encodes a special amber suppressor tRNA (tRNA(Pyl)) that presumably recogn

255 eRS (T415G) and a mutant yeast phenylalanine amber suppressor tRNA (ytRNAPheCUA_UG) into an E. coli e

256 ystem, multiple copies of a gene encoding an amber suppressor tRNA derived from a Methanocaldococcus

257 This mutant aaRS together with an amber suppressor tRNA from Bacillus stearothermophilus i

258 ichia coli that uses a plasmid to produce an amber suppressor tRNA regulated by the arabinose promote

259 Expression of an amber suppressor tRNA should result in read-through of t

260 suppressor tRNAs are less efficient than the amber suppressor tRNA THG73 (Tetrahymena thermophila G73

261 g aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases aminoacylate an amber suppressor tRNA with a desired unnatural amino aci

262 enes for a pyrE2 amber mutant and the serine amber suppressor tRNA yielded transformants that grow on

263 on levels of the orthogonal Escherichia coli amber suppressor tRNA(CUA) and cognate aminoacyl-tRNA sy

264 ttaches Pyl to its cognate tRNA, the special amber suppressor tRNA(Pyl).

265 In the process of developing an amber suppressor tRNA, we discovered that the Escherichi

266 approach we developed an arabinose inducible amber suppressor tRNA.

267 ene can be complemented by expression of the amber suppressor tRNA.

268 don with high efficiency using an orthogonal amber suppressor tRNA/aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (aaRS) p

269 Recently, it has been shown that an amber suppressor tRNA/aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase pair der

270 was responsible for misacylating the initial amber suppressor version of the yeast tryptophanyl tRNA.

271 ilon)-(5-azido-2 nitrobenzoyl)-Lys-tRNA(amb) amber suppressor.

272 1', 'New Big' and 'Amber Sweet Goji').

273 id residues in Ste2p with Bpa by engineering amber TAG stop codons into STE2 encoded on a plasmid.

274 ynthetase pair in Escherichia coli to decode amber (TAG), opal (TGA), and four-base (AGGA) codons.

275 rolysine, the 22nd amino acid, is encoded by amber (TAG=UAG) codons in certain methanogenic archaea a

276 a 28 bp deletion that introduces a premature amber termination codon into the open reading frame of a

277 gment of a fertile leaf preserved in Burmese amber that represents the first fossil evidence of the f

278 leaves enclosed in a piece of Eocene Baltic amber that share relevant morphological features with ex

279 The presence of amber, the fossil form of the resins produced by many ty

280 (Staphylinidae) from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber, the latter belonging to Oxyporinae, modern member

281 band (NEB) technique has been implemented in AMBER to calculate low-energy paths for conformational c

282 bound to the 70S ribosome in response to an amber (UAG) codon at 3.6-A resolution.

283 mino acid, because it is encoded by a single amber (UAG) codon in methylamine methyltransferase trans

284 The DNA template contains a complementary amber (UAG) codon instead of the normal initiation (AUG)

285 Single in-frame amber (UAG) codons are found in the genes encoding MtmB,

286 g from two different DNA conformations using AMBER v8.0.

287 e to inhibit replication and thereby inhibit amber/W editing and its own synthesis.

288 verediting mutant, and even higher levels of amber/W editing resulted.

289 No further increase in amber/W editing was observed following the cessation of

290 epatitis delta virus (HDV) antigenome at the amber/W site by the host RNA adenosine deaminase ADAR1 i

291 created and the effects of these changes on amber/W site editing, RNA replication, and virus product

292 econdary structure around the HDV genotype I amber/W site has been selected not for the highest editi

293 The 25-nt region 3' of the HDV amber/W site in HDV genotype I RNA consists of a conserv

294 in RNA structure required for editing at the amber/W site in HDV genotype III RNA.

295 In addition, the structure adjacent to the amber/W site is suboptimal for editing, and this creates

296 cted secondary structure downstream from the amber/W site, a replication-competent HDV mutant that ex

297 d only at later times via RNA editing of the amber/W site, and is required for virion assembly.

298 antioxidant capacity and arbutin levels than amber walnuts.

299 rap-jaw ant from 99 million-year-old Burmese amber with head structures that presumably functioned as

300 onally preserved theropod wings from Burmese amber, with vestiges of soft tissues.