ライフサイエンスコーパス: amorphous

1 region of the recovered target is completely amorphous.

2 Both crystalline Ag2S and amorphous Ag2S and/or Ag-thiol were identified.

3 es lower free-energy minima which are either amorphous (ageing) or crystalline (devitrification).

4 lasticity, switching irreversibly between an amorphous aggregate state and the crystalline state.

5 omyces cerevisiae solubilizes stress-induced amorphous aggregates and amyloids.

6 1:50) facilitates the accumulation of large amorphous aggregates of p53C.

7 and pentamers, that ultimately matures into amorphous aggregates.

8 t, at a high RNA:protein ratio (>/=1:8), the amorphous aggregation of p53C is clearly suppressed.

9 asurements, coupled with simulations in ZrCu amorphous alloys.

10 (alpha-CD) inclusion complexes produced from amorphous alpha-CD powder at moisture contents (MC) clos

11 in the gas phase, deposited on an ultrathin amorphous alumina support, and tested as catalysts exper

12 to assess the ability to form the mixture of amorphous (am) and fcc-aluminum (alpha-Al) phases.

13 inal peptides (TCPs), which bind to and form amorphous amyloid-like aggregates with both bacterial li

14 esses, and our data indicate that widespread amorphous and amyloid protein aggregation is an unantici

15 nite, demonstrating the co-existence of both amorphous and crystalline material within the same arago

16 (in the range of a few nanoseconds) between amorphous and crystalline phases of the PCM section (her

17 This different bonding in amorphous and crystalline phases provides a direct expla

18 Our findings indicate that transient amorphous and crystalline precursors can play a role in

19 keeping the lengths and compositions of the amorphous and crystalline regions fixed.

20 uccessful thermally-induced cycling, between amorphous and crystalline states, of large-area phase-ch

21 l pH, the protein forms aggregates that look amorphous and disordered by electron microscopy, reminis

22 gh intrinsic activity of NiFe-LDH due to (i) amorphous and distorted LDH structure, (ii) enhanced act

23 This applies to both crystals and amorphous and glassy materials.

24 egies for modelling porosity in crystalline, amorphous and liquid phases and also describe the state-

25 hat the active electrocatalyst was primarily amorphous and predominantly consisted of near-zerovalent

26 Capsules containing 10 mg of nifedipine were amorphous and stable for over 3 months at approximately

27 the weld joint can be maintained completely amorphous as confirmed by X-ray diffraction and differen

28 yond there, the structure exhibits arrays of amorphous bands which are preceded by planar defects suc

29 The direct observation of amorphous barium carbonate (ABC), which transforms into

30 laser group were irregular and presented an amorphous basophilic line and bone necrosis that was slo

31 oil (TTO) by direct complexation with solid amorphous beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) was investigated.

32 This amorphous beta-Ga2O3 phase could not be identified using

33 field disorder in a nano-patterned array of amorphous Bi islands.

34 The amorphous blue phase III of cholesteric liquid crystals,

35 d the first atomic layer of the as-deposited amorphous boron is the dominant factor leading to the fo

36 The as-deposited films are amorphous but can be readily crystallized by annealing.

37 marine organisms employs transient phases of amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) in the construction of

38 ursors exist, one hydrated and one anhydrous amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC); that these are formed

39 e three major mineral types found in leaves: amorphous calcium carbonate cystoliths, calcium oxalates

40 ovided for the solid-state transformation of amorphous calcium carbonate to aragonite, demonstrating

41 This system enables the deposition of amorphous calcium carbonate, amorphous calcium phosphate

42 Particles of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) were incorporated into

43 tion of biomimetic hydroxyapatite through an amorphous calcium phosphate precursor.

44 e deposition of amorphous calcium carbonate, amorphous calcium phosphate, calcite and apatite at vari

45 ell defined, but octacalcium phosphate-like, amorphous calcium phosphate-like, and HPO4(2-)-enriched

46 is reported, at mild conditions and using an amorphous calcium-barium carbonate (ACBC) (Ca1-x Ba x CO

47 egrated carbon nanostructures on tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C), it is possible to take the perf

48 e aquatic environment, and that the residual amorphous carbon associated with SWCNTs plays a role in

49 tput (>100-fold improvement over traditional amorphous carbon AuNP supports).

50 lat (0.43 nm of root-mean-square roughness), amorphous carbon film consisting of a mixture of sp(2)-

51 (3) bonds, purely sp (3)-bonded tetrahedral amorphous carbon has not yet been obtained.

52 In contrast, amorphous carbon is known to be very brittle and can sus

53 to our knowledge, the highest density among amorphous carbon materials, and shows incompressibility

54 ents on individual nanospheres show that the amorphous carbon nanospheres with an optimized structure

55 terface by reaction of diffused Cr atoms and amorphous carbon of MWCNTs would assist in improving the

56 The amorphous carbon structure of biochar was preserved afte

57 er with the rGO sheets and in situ generated amorphous carbon that serve as a dual carbon support and

58 ed van der Waals forces holding together the amorphous carbon units of biochar and C60 packing in the

59 alcite (c-axis = 17.062 A), interleaved with amorphous carbon with a nominal thickness of 8 A.

60 organic ligand decomposes and transforms to amorphous carbon with graphitic nanodomains by catalytic

61 ic polymers, 23.6% were pigments, 5.50% were amorphous carbon, and 29.1% remained unidentified.

62 integration of reduced graphene oxide (rGO), amorphous carbon, and MgO nanocrystallites.

63 mode by introducing an intermediate layer of amorphous carbon.

64 undergo differing fates, with at least 14% (amorphous carbonate) likely dissolving rapidly.

65 6% aragonite, 60% high-Mg calcite, and 14% amorphous carbonate.

66 Amorphous carbons contain persistent free radicals that

67 ctrochemical route for the graphitization of amorphous carbons through cathodic polarization in molte

68 conversion of other carbon allotropes, even amorphous carbons, into graphite is extremely hard.

69 cantly enhanced light absorption compared to amorphous CDs (a-CD) yet undoped g-CD display limited ph

70 Despite recent interest in amorphous ceramics for a variety of nuclear applications

71 phase, followed by crystallization of these amorphous clusters.

72 simple one-step synthesis of well-dispersed amorphous cobalt hydroxide/oxide-modified graphene oxide

73 he self-assembly of ThT-negative fibrils and amorphous complexes.

74 show that these fluctuations in diameter of amorphous core and overall track diameter are attributed

75 stability of crystalline (CoS2 and MoS2) and amorphous (CoSx and MoSx) hydrogen evolution catalysts.

76 Here, it is shown that amorphous CP can be used as general synthesis precursors

77 Unlike crystalline MOF, amorphous CP is nonspecific to metal cation species, the

78 omic-level deformation and flow processes of amorphous creep in response to stress and thermal activa

79 Controlling the molecular structure of amorphous cross-linked polymeric materials is a longstan

80 m to approximately 15mN/m in the presence of amorphous curcumin particles in water phase compared to

81 In this study, nano-sized amorphous curcumin particles were fabricated using nanon

82 py, reminiscent of the reported formation of amorphous deposits by other crystallin mutants.

83 risingly, solid-state NMR reveals that these amorphous deposits have a high degree of structural homo

84 This transparent quenchable amorphous diamond has, to our knowledge, the highest den

85 es to convert glassy carbon into "quenchable amorphous diamond", and recover it to ambient conditions

86 l variation of nanocrystalline (ordered) and amorphous (disordered) structures remains elusive.

87 gands do however exist in the crystalline or amorphous domain.

88 arrier to market for medicines containing an amorphous drug is poor stability.

89 the idea of analyzing atom-atom contacts in amorphous drug-polymer systems has been of major interes

90 ial recrystallization of the original, fully-amorphous Durango apatite was clearly evident and quanti

91 ) (Fe(II)aq) is oxidized and precipitated as amorphous Fe(III) oxyhydroxide minerals (iron precipitat

92 ab electrochemical systems on delta-MnO2 and amorphous Fe(OH)3 at pH 11.

93 splitting via in situ vertical growth of 2D amorphous FePO4 nanosheets on Ni foam (Am FePO4 /NF).

94 or suppressor p53 rapidly aggregate but form amorphous fibrils.

95 In this study, a 100 nm-thick amorphous film of tantalum oxide and yttrium oxide with

96 M = Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, or Zn) to form uniform, amorphous films of metal oxides.

97 et diffusion lengths for nanocrystalline and amorphous films of TIPS-Pn were estimated to be approxim

98 E) coatings based on polytetrafluoroethylene amorphous fluoroplastics (PTFE AF 2400) as a particle bi

99 on in the glass blends, able to remain fully amorphous for >1 month at 60 degrees C.

100 ch to the surface of coral skeletons, remain amorphous for hours, and finally, crystallize into arago

101 Conversion into the amorphous form enhances the dissolution of poorly solubl

102 The aim was to produce the amorphous form of a drug within a capsule, without therm

103 Here authors synthesize a bulk sp (3)-bonded amorphous form of carbon under high pressure and tempera

104 alline gamma and alpha forms, as well as the amorphous form-were clearly distinguished using both app

105 rom various botanical sources in granular or amorphous forms are modified by chemical, physical, and/

106 germanium have complementary crystalline and amorphous forms consisting of purely sp (3) bonds, purel

107 diverse carbonate phases (i.e., mineral and amorphous forms of CaCO3) they produce, and their roles

108 observation of high-harmonic generation from amorphous fused silica.

109 tal nucleation during the crystallization of amorphous germanium antimony telluride (Ge2Sb2Te5).

110 structurally flexible building units of the amorphous GST network, intimately linked to the presence

111 rsyas and show that it possesses substantial amorphous gyroid character, demonstrating the subtle ord

112 Amorphous gyroid samples are fabricated via three-dimens

113 mportance in gap formation through design of amorphous gyroid structures.

114 onary optimization and the possibility of an amorphous gyroid's self-assembly.

115 during the high-to-low-density transition in amorphous ice at 1 bar.

116 Water exists in high- and low-density amorphous ice forms (HDA and LDA), which could correspon

117 particularly of CO or CO2 ices, or contained amorphous ice, which could have triggered activity at gr

118 The MOF becomes amorphous in >60% relative humidity; however, impedance

119 The particles are also amorphous in nature and consist of polymeric chains of F

120 ravimetric properties with four mass losses, amorphous in nature and negative optical rotations.

121 XRD indicated that PAA/QU/beta-CD-IC-NF were amorphous in nature without the crystalline peaks of QU.

122 oxide semiconductor (AOS) materials such as amorphous InGaZnO (a-IGZO) possess mechanical flexibilit

123 fide and the fast diffusion of Mg ion in the amorphous intermediate.

124 r and inhibits the phase transformation from amorphous iron (oxy)hydroxide to goethite, resulting in

125 smooth, continuous, coherent and apparently amorphous iron oxyhydroxide surface layer is observed, w

126 ip and promote a rational synthesis of X-ray amorphous IrOx hydroxides that contain a favorable arran

127 ted with Cr redistributed into the oxide, an amorphous layer is generated at the interface.

128 to a desired value (between crystalline and amorphous limits) with high spatial resolution through s

129 Si nanoparticles and nanowires transform to amorphous LixSi phase, which is due to the effect of dom

130 molecular weight, narrow polydispersity, and amorphous, low Tg, poly(alpha-olefinate)s (xPAOs) as a n

131 rogel electrodes were modified by depositing amorphous manganese dioxide layers via cyclic voltammetr

132 Amorphous materials are used for both structural and fun

133 Here, we tested the validity of the PGM for amorphous materials by assuming the PGM is applicable, a

134 We showed that amorphous materials in cell walls have key roles in the

135 Many amorphous materials show spatially heterogenous dynamics

136 relaxation time calculations suggest that in amorphous materials there is little, if any, connection

137 ible rapid formation of the network produces amorphous materials with locked-in disorder.

138 In the case of amorphous materials, strong links between processing and

139 also demonstrates how structural features of amorphous materials, traditionally difficult to characte

140 formation and growth of both crystalline and amorphous materials.

141 or structure-property relationships in these amorphous materials.

142 f both simple crystalline intermetallics and amorphous materials; e.g., it has a well-defined superco

143 homogeneous dispersion of nanocrystals in an amorphous matrix.

144 Amorphous metal oxides are central to a variety of techn

145 ghly ordered mesoporous material (COF) or an amorphous, microporous material (COP).

146 as the redox center is of broad interest for amorphous Mo-S (a-MoSx) electrocatalytic materials and a

147 eristics, construction of composite MOFs and amorphous MOFs, as well as providing new synthetic route

148 oscopy identified reduced Pt covered with an amorphous molybdenum oxyhydroxide hydrate with a local s

149 Amorphous molybdenum sulfide (MoSx) is covalently anchor

150 and solute-poor liquid phases, nucleation of amorphous nanoclusters within the metal-rich liquid phas

151 y phase for both the powders and films is an amorphous/nanocrystalline beta-Ga2O3 phase, with a minor

152 Randomly arranged, amorphous nanoparticles are initially deposited in micro

153 microalgae whose cell walls are composed of, amorphous nanopatterned biosilica that cannot be replica

154 lline curcumin particles were converted into amorphous, nanosized particles of approximately 220nm.

155 We present a model whereby the amorphous nature of the aggregates results from multisit

156 Amorphous nature of the particle was evident from the de

157 The amorphous network reacts at higher voltages reforming a-

158 hydrogens pair up at oxygen vacancies in the amorphous network, where they form metal-H-metal bridge

159 Here we show that the amorphous neuroglia networks of the mouse ENS are compos

160 esize porous hybrid nanostructures combining amorphous nickel-cobalt complexes with 1T phase molybden

161 direct synthesis of interconnected ultrafine amorphous NiFe-layered double hydroxide (NiFe-LDH) (<5 n

162 one single sheet results in fully integrated amorphous NiFe-LDH/C nanohybrid, allowing the harness of

163 This work reports a class of bulk amorphous NiFeP materials with metallic bonds from the v

164 rystalline block co-oligomers, comprising an amorphous oligodimethylsiloxane block and a crystalline

165 ith substrates, cofactors and, in this case, amorphous or crystalline biominerals.

166 ity is not a trivial process, especially for amorphous or liquid phases.

167 rease in the digestates of the proportion of amorphous or nanostructured copper sulfides as well as a

168 or nanostructured copper sulfides as well as amorphous or nanostructured zinc sulfides and zinc phosp

169 ongst monosaccharides in honey yields a semi-amorphous or semi-crystalline system.

170 tep nucleation pathways in which disordered, amorphous, or dense liquid states precede the appearance

171 nces between long-range order in disordered, amorphous, or liquid states and processes such as ionic

172 Amorphous oxide films of iron, nickel and a combination

173 Inorganic amorphous oxide semiconductor (AOS) materials such as am

174 gen is known to be present as an impurity in amorphous oxide semiconductors at the 0.1% level.

175 hese results illuminate a potential route to amorphous oxides at scale using simple metal precursors

176 rder can be induced throughout a 40-nm-thick amorphous paramagnetic layer through proximity to ferrom

177 In the current study, ultrafine amorphous particles (UAPs) of cyclosporin A (CsA) were p

178 Input of dissolved and amorphous particulate silica into natural waters stimula

179 a 10 nm thick transition layer composed of amorphous phase and nanocrystallines, which was believed

180 s a typical crystallization process, with an amorphous phase formed at the initial stage which then t

181 echniques, that Pd-Ni-P alloys have a hidden amorphous phase in the supercooled liquid region.

182 dvantage of the electrical properties of the amorphous phase of the GST section we adjusted the extin

183 shock compression and then converting to an amorphous phase on shock release in only 2.4 ns from 33.

184 elements (i.e. Al and Cu) was noticed in the amorphous phase, which was mainly driven by plastic defo

185 the electronic structure of the active X-ray amorphous phase.

186 g 'defective by design' crystals, as well as amorphous phases such as glasses and gels.

187 ructural information on both crystalline and amorphous phases that are present during cycling by Riet

188 Comparison of two X-ray amorphous phases with distinctively different electrocat

189 of two original models of the mechanisms of amorphous plasticity: one focusing on atomic diffusion v

190 Amorphous poly(ethylene ether carbonate) (PEEC), which i

191 sirolimus-eluting ultrahigh molecular weight amorphous poly-l-lactic acid-based BRS (APTITUDE, Amaran

192 mide frameworks (CAFs) by devitrification of amorphous polyamide network polymers using high-temperat

193 nventional reference package consisting of a amorphous polyethylene terephthalate/polyethylene (APET/

194 lid-state, plasticity-induced bonding; where amorphous polymeric films were bonded together in a peri

195 The hydrophobic surfaces are composed of amorphous polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) with a static c

196 cipitation from solution or by attachment of amorphous precursor particles as observed in other miner

197 These findings demonstrate that amorphous precursor pathways are powerfully enabling and

198 e observed that calcite crystals form via an amorphous precursor phase.

199 nce in Stylophora pistillata corals that two amorphous precursors exist, one hydrated and one anhydro

200 advanced functional properties, often using amorphous precursors.

201 tissue compartments as insoluble amyloid or amorphous protein aggregates are a hallmark feature of m

202 Here we show that amorphous protein aggregates interact with tissue-type p

203 nhibition by alpha2-antiplasmin and degrades amorphous protein aggregates to release smaller, soluble

204 d molecular chaperone ability that prevented amorphous protein aggregation, suggesting a potential ro

205 Our results support the formation of an amorphous protein phase of MBP between two membrane bila

206 ns influence the water sorption isotherms of amorphous protein powders.

207 Interestingly, Ti was present as TiO2 in an amorphous rather than rutile or anatase physical form.

208 rmation in vitro by causing the formation of amorphous, redissolvable aggregates.

209 f the material remains intact after shaping, amorphous regions form where the beam has been used to t

210 re observed and related to plasticization of amorphous regions in the granules.

211 y(3-hexylthiophene) core and a solubilizing, amorphous regiosymmetric poly(3-hexylthiophene) or polys

212 7) Se NMR signatures and 2) the structure of amorphous Se consists exclusively of infinity1Se chains.

213 imary controversy regarding the structure of amorphous Se relates to the relative fraction of Se atom

214 g crystalline allotropes of Se as well as of amorphous Se to unequivocally demonstrate that 1) the Se

215 ived biofilms is approximately 25-300 nm red amorphous Se(0) aggregates of colloidal nanoparticles.

216 ption fine-structure spectroscopy showed red amorphous Se(0) with a first shell Se-Se interatomic dis

217 Amorphous selenium, owing to its tremendous technologica

218 Charge carrier dynamics in amorphous semiconductors has been a topic of intense res

219 dynamics of photo-excited charge carriers in amorphous semiconductors remain poorly understood.

220 he rich dynamics of hot carrier transport in amorphous semiconductors that can be revealed by direct

221 f the coordinated existence of nanotwins and amorphous shear bands in B6O, provide a plausible atomis

222 and mineraloids including gypsum, clays, and amorphous silica (opal).

223 contribute to the formation of an isolating amorphous silica alumina envelope.

224 ies and chemical reactivities (fumed silica, amorphous silica and MCM-41) was evaluated herein.

225 Amorphous silica comprises >95% of this flux and is high

226 Thermal modeling links this freshening to amorphous silica dehydration driven by rapid burial-indu

227 Our dissolved and amorphous silica flux is 0.20 (0.06-0.79) Tmol year(-1),

228 re likely responsible for high dissolved and amorphous silica fluxes into the ocean during the last d

229 ea 10 times smaller than that of the altered amorphous silica formed at the wollastonite surface in a

230 Here we measure dissolved and amorphous silica in Greenland Ice Sheet meltwaters and i

231 del the electrolytes at a negatively-charged amorphous silica substrate and predict the adsorption of

232 structure of an organometallic complex on an amorphous silica surface using solid-state NMR measureme

233 Among the products of reaction, amorphous silica, rather than calcite, covered the wolla

234 of the outermost particle layer into a dense amorphous silica-alumina shell further reduces the mass

235 red (mid-IR) photonic circuits consisting of amorphous silicon (a-Si) waveguides on an epitaxial bari

236 time after photo-excitation in hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) by scanning ultrafast electro

237 ricated array of 25x25microm(2) hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) photosensors below the microf

238 Amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) solar cells have been constru

239 gn to produce quasi-random nanostructures in amorphous silicon at wafer scales that achieved over 160

240 Thin films of hydrogenated amorphous silicon can be produced at MPa pressures from

241 ilms acting as heating sources; hydrogenated amorphous silicon diodes acting both as temperature sens

242 ere we investigated the short-range order of amorphous silicon oxycarbide (SiOC) alloys by using the

243 rabolic similaritons in tapered hydrogenated amorphous silicon photonic wires at telecom (lambda 15

244 of optical field in the tapered hydrogenated amorphous silicon photonic wires with either decreasing

245 for spherical nanoparticles array on top of amorphous silicon show that both silicon and silver coat

246 ructure decorated substrates integrated with amorphous silicon solar cells.

247 source integrating a lithium ion battery and amorphous silicon solar module, optimized to supply powe

248 nce switching behaviour in sputter-deposited amorphous silicon suboxide (a-SiO x ) films with varying

249 esting of 3 microm thin films spin-coated on amorphous silicon validates its use for on-chip energy-s

250 lity, retaining values comparable to that of amorphous silicon.

251 With Ag nanocrystals supported on amorphous SiO2 as a typical example, we establish that t

252 durable polymer drug-eluting stents eluting amorphous sirolimus.

253 re (e.g., a heterostructure consisting of an amorphous, slightly elliptical Co40Fe40B20 nanomagnet on

254 Pair Distribution Function (PDF) analysis in amorphous solid dispersions of lapatinib in hypromellose

255 Amorphous solid granules containing calcium and phosphor

256 An amorphous solid usually forms under driven conditions su

257 ubisco and is thought to be a crystalline or amorphous solid.

258 ard packing of its 2D polymer chains in a 3D amorphous solid.

259 well below the silica melting point to form amorphous, solid, transparent glass structures.

260 TDPs form non-crystalline amorphous solids (vitrify) upon desiccation, and this vi

261 Contrary to crystalline solids, amorphous solids always become softer when vitrifying th

262 ty of this phenomenon over a huge variety of amorphous solids calls for a generic theory that is free

263 ng to this cooling-rate-induced softening of amorphous solids have remained elusive, especially the d

264 Amorphous solids increase their stress as a function of

265 niversal in nature and can be applied to any amorphous solids that undergo mechanical yield.

266 Comparing experimental data from 3D and 2D amorphous solids with 2D crystals, we disentangle Mermin

267 is for the mechanical-performance control of amorphous solids.

268 that higher harmonics can be generated from amorphous solids.

269 sion from 53 GPa leads to the recovery of an amorphous state.

270 studies revealed the transformation of TM to amorphous state.

271 nds that stabilize crystal precursors in the amorphous state.

272 h the goal of enhancing the stability of the amorphous state.

273 The low and high density amorphous states are distinguished by their distinct pre

274 nt temperature to the deeply supercooled and amorphous states, and of water diffusive and collective

275 The response of amorphous steels to shock wave compression has been expl

276 computer simulations confirm its tetrahedral amorphous structure and complete sp (3) bonding.

277 erties have yet to be made because measuring amorphous structure remains a significant challenge.

278 to the synergistic effects of 2D morphology, amorphous structure, conductive substrate, and Ni-Fe mix

279 ered structures, through to degrading large, amorphous structures into short, chain-shaped structures

280 In addition, the amorphous structures of many surface oxides have hindere

281 Electrically biasing thin films of amorphous, substoichiometric silicon oxide drives surpri

282 ting the structures and coverages of stable, amorphous surface oxides at temperatures between 430-680

283 s diffraction-based method can be applied to amorphous systems across decades in length scale to conn

284 e between amorphous systems with domains and amorphous systems which are molecular mixtures.

285 s had the potential to differentiate between amorphous systems with domains and amorphous systems whi

286 ra-broadband imaging but polycrystalline and amorphous thin films have shown inferior performance com

287 ting onto Si electrodes coated with 60 nm of amorphous TiO2 and 20 nm of a layer of sputtered C.

288 %) brookite thin films prepared by annealing amorphous titania precursor films deposited by pulsed la

289 ate during or just after transformation from amorphous to crystalline phase, similarly to segregation

290 We also demonstrate a transformation from amorphous to crystalline thermal transport behaviour thr

291 y, the synthesized Si nanosheets evolve from amorphous to nanocrystalline to crystalline structures d

292 re we present details of the dynamics of the amorphous-to-crystalline transition process during alpha

293 Beyond a threshold dose, a crystalline-amorphous transition was observed.

294 play a role in triggering the crystalline-to-amorphous transition.

295 rption spectroscopy shows that the initially amorphous TT film can eventually form crystals in which

296 The XRD and DSC results indicated that the amorphous TTO-beta-CD complex was crystallized by the ad

297 the surface layers of Avicel are essentially amorphous while the surface layers of Ibeta cellulose ar

298 formed upon FeS reaction with CT were mostly amorphous with localized areas of poorly crystalline two

299 hitic with the sublimation carbon source and amorphous with the atomic carbon source.

300 Using amorphous ZnO as a simplified model system, we show that