ライフサイエンスコーパス: amphibian

1 sh and the first hepadnavirus genome from an amphibian.

2 tal model Xenopus laevis, a pseudotetraploid amphibian.

3 er threatened species, especially threatened amphibians.

4 onflying mammals, bats, birds, reptiles, and amphibians.

5 tion vary across defensive traits throughout amphibians.

6 ossils ranging from feathers, to mammals, to amphibians.

7 mportant in globally threatened taxa such as amphibians.

8 for mammals; and decreasing for reptiles and amphibians.

9 threats to Madagascar's unique "megadiverse" amphibians.

10 origins of fin mesenchyme and tail muscle in amphibians.

11 nd birds with only a few studies focusing on amphibians.

12 s implicated in the recent global decline of amphibians.

13 xa, including bats, corals, bees, snakes and amphibians.

14 at evolved after anurans diverged from other amphibians.

15 cted the evolutionary history (framework) of amphibians.

16 l crest streams to the osteocranium in these amphibians.

17 insic part of the developmental programme in amphibians.

18 une function and energy allocation in larval amphibians.

19 ly different impact on memory in mammals and amphibians.

20 matching the sensitivity of night vision in amphibians.

21 smallest distribution ranges of any European amphibian (8 km(2)) and is considered critically endange

22 port on sublethal end points for azo dyes in amphibians, a growing environmental pollutant of concern

23 Widespread observations of malformed amphibians across North America have generated both conc

24 nism of weak TCDD binding is shared by other amphibian AHRs.

25 aluates the association between stressor and amphibian, all else equal.

26 Here we report 36 lineages of basal amphibian and fish foamy-like endogenous retroviruses (F

27 Although amphibian and fish models of heart regeneration have exi

28 factors produced by B. dendrobatidis impair amphibian and mammalian lymphocytes in vitro, but previo

29 e assess the climatological affinities of 33 amphibian and reptile species, showing that across both

30 sian method to estimate the number of recent amphibian and squamate extinctions in nine important tro

31 ns 24% of interspecific variation in ASRs in amphibians and 36% in reptiles.

32 ctinopterygian fishes that resemble those of amphibians and amniotes.

33 al glia in species phylogenetically bridging amphibians and birds.

34 er a practical way to protect pathogen-naive amphibians and facilitate the reintroduction of amphibia

35 Regeneration of a lost appendage in adult amphibians and fish is a remarkable feat of developmenta

36 Embryonic polarity of invertebrates, amphibians and fish is specified largely by maternal det

37 cription of the process applies with ease to amphibians and fish, it is more difficult to confirm in

38 ulate Ca(2+) homeostasis in birds, reptiles, amphibians and fishes, but whether mammalian C cell deve

39 e an unprecedented source of pigmentation in amphibians and highlight the potential relevance of fluo

40 increase in the abundance of small mammals, amphibians and insectivorous birds in logged relative to

41 t in species classifications (12% and 5% for amphibians and mammals, respectively, translating to doz

42 ange of susceptible species including birds, amphibians and mammals.

43 dividually for two example taxa, terrestrial amphibians and mammals.

44 respond to light much like rods and cones in amphibians and mammals.

45 urfold, leading to decreased overlap between amphibians and parasites.

46 e is broad concern that a mass extinction of amphibians and reptiles is now underway.

47 abited by a unique community of temnospondyl amphibians and reptiles that considerably expand the kno

48 urrence records from 745 species of Malagasy amphibians and reptiles.

49 ildlife conservation, including sea turtles, amphibians and Tasmanian devils.

50 racterizes coevolutionary arms races between amphibians and their snake predators around the world, a

51 parasite system involving freshwater snails, amphibians and trematode parasites, we conducted a year-

52 Using larval amphibians and two amphibian parasites (ranaviruses and

53 n proven to be essential for NC migration in amphibians and zebrafish by controlling cell polarity in

54 lls generate coloration in numerous reptile, amphibian, and fish taxa today [18].

55 SC has five domains (D1-D5), whereas avian, amphibian, and reptilian SC lack the D2 domain, and fish

56 on reptile eyes to the CMZ and glia of fish, amphibians, and birds.

57 ve been well described for the eyes of fish, amphibians, and birds.

58 appear to be most similar to those of fish, amphibians, and birds.

59 ase genes are present in numerous fishes and amphibians, and chitin is localized in situ to the lumen

60 rse extant groups within mammals, squamates, amphibians, and dinosaurs.

61 However, nonmammalian animals (e.g., birds, amphibians, and fish) regenerate damaged hair cells.

62 for >4500 species of terrestrial mammals and amphibians, and found that genetic diversity is 27% high

63 In humans, amphibians, and fungi, CENP-A is deposited at centromere

64 that the species richness of invertebrates, amphibians, and mammals decreases as logging intensity i

65 e for the regenerative capacity of teleosts, amphibians, and reptiles have fallen into disuse in mamm

66 Globin X (GbX) is a protein found in fish, amphibians, and reptiles that diverged from a common anc

67 (birds and mammals) and ectotherms (fishes, amphibians, and reptiles).

68 pecies area relationship for mammals, birds, amphibians, and reptiles.

69 of CARTp has been characterized in teleosts, amphibians, and several mammalian species, but comparati

70 widely distributed in the brain of mammals, amphibians, and teleosts, but the relevant information i

71 the respective roles of the IFN mediators in amphibian antiviral defenses.

72 However, little is known about amphibian antiviral immunity and, specifically, type I i

73 leading model for studies of immunity to RV, amphibian antiviral interferon (IFN) responses remain la

74 gest that increased observations of abnormal amphibians are associated with both parasite infection a

75 gent need to build mitigation capacity where amphibians are at risk from chytridiomycosis.

76 be generalized to other organisms, fish and amphibians are attractive models for the evaluation of t

77 Amphibians are hypothesized to be particularly sensitive

78 Amphibians are one of the most threatened animal groups,

79 Both stressors and amphibians are rare, occurring in ~10% of potential habi

80 Amphibians are suffering unprecedented global declines.

81 Moreover, amphibians are the most basal phylogenetic class of vert

82 We used ranavirus and larval amphibians as a model system to investigate how physiolo

83 Here we show, using amphibians as the first, to our knowledge, large-scale e

84 f co-occurrence of these two pathogens in an amphibian assemblage in Serra da Estrela (Portugal).

85 ing the divergent impacts of Bd infection in amphibian assemblages and contribute to our understandin

86 y developmental stages are ideal targets for amphibian bacterial therapy that can govern a microbiome

87 tested the dilution effect hypothesis in an amphibian-Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) system and

88 cts of early sublethal pesticide exposure on amphibian Bd sensitivity and infection load at later lif

89 Aquatic chytrid fungi threaten amphibian biodiversity worldwide owing to their ability

90 chimeric animals formed from invertebrates, amphibians, birds, and mammals have provided many fundam

91 ing 12 primer pairs targeting mammals, fish, amphibians, birds, bryophytes, arthropods, copepods, pla

92 tiveness as surrogates for 23,110 species of amphibians, birds, mammals and reptiles and 867 terrestr

93 areas with high cumulative impact scores for amphibians, birds, mammals, and reptiles will be concent

94 rs was unrelated to metacercarial burdens in amphibians, but the diversity of non-IG predators was ne

95 ondatrae were more likely to have malformed amphibians, but these effects were strongest when pestic

96 considered a gastrulation process unique to amphibians, but we show that at the cell level, endoderm

97 n plants and occurs in some animals, such as amphibians, but will not be discussed further here.

98 (157 mammals, 165 birds, 17 reptiles and 502 amphibians) by calculating a conservation opportunity in

99 cruitment of giant fiber neurons in fish and amphibians called Mauthner cells.

100 Here we demonstrate that three species of amphibians can acquire behavioural or immunological resi

101 These results suggest that amphibians can acquire immunity to B. dendrobatidis that

102 As in mammals, teleost fish, and amphibians, CARTp-ir terminals and cells were abundant i

103 ife, but it remains an open question whether amphibian chemical defense phenotypes are inducible.

104 Collectively, our results indicate that amphibian chemical defenses are not fixed.

105 nited States to screen their animals for two amphibian chytrid fungal pathogens Batrachochytrium dend

106 ences (e.g. resistance and tolerance) of the amphibian chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis

107 fication of SWEET hexose transporters in the amphibian chytrid pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidi

108 he mechanisms behind the global emergence of amphibian chytridiomycosis [3], the origin of another re

109 Amphibian chytridiomycosis has caused precipitous declin

110 Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd, cause of amphibian chytridiomycosis) between wild-caught Litoria

111 Amphibian chytridiomycosis, an emerging infectious disea

112 me, highlighting that, as is widely found in amphibians, commensal bacteria confer protection against

113 Although amphibian communication sounds are often complex consist

114 NeuroD1 in chick partially recapitulates the amphibian condition by suppressing transit amplification

115 less exposed to Bd in nature; instead future amphibian conservation plans should include efforts to s

116 ecies of plants, fishes, molluscs, odonates, amphibians, crayfish and turtles alongside key features

117 rging infectious disease linked to worldwide amphibian declines and extinctions.

118 ht and generality about the reversibility of amphibian declines at a global scale.

119 These findings may help explain patterns of amphibian declines driven by a global wildlife pandemic.

120 Amphibian declines have been linked to numerous factors,

121 potential role of this emerging pathogen in amphibian declines on a broad geographic scale warrants

122 The pervasive and unabated nature of global amphibian declines suggests common demographic responses

123 Since amphibian declines were first proposed as a global pheno

124 tidis (Bd), has been a significant driver of amphibian declines.

125 limbs throughout its lifespan, whereas other amphibians deteriorate or lose their ability to regenera

126 tructures during defined time windows during amphibian development.

127 A recent study of larval amphibians discovered that increased tolerance can be in

128 The contribution of emerging amphibian diseases to the sixth mass extinction is drivi

129 mate the threat that this infection poses to amphibian diversity.

130 ntain the second dCK, while birds, fish, and amphibians do retain it.

131 cleavage patterns in the embryos of fishes, amphibians, echinoderms, and ascidians, as well as the g

132 ggest that asters observed in large fish and amphibian eggs are a meshwork of short, unstable microtu

133 Blastopore closure in the amphibian embryo involves large scale tissue reorganizat

134 n, provides a model with all the benefits of amphibian embryology but crucially only a single Mix and

135 Recent studies using bird and amphibian embryos suggest an earlier origin of NC, indep

136 ellular fluids occurs in mammalian, fish and amphibian embryos.

137 ann organizer that sets up embryonic axes in amphibian embryos.

138 ajectories for range-restricted reptiles and amphibians endemic to the United States.

139 Using amphibian epiboly, the thinning and spreading of the ani

140 Teleosts and amphibians exhibit retinomotor movements, morphological

141 In our global mammal and continental amphibian extinction risk case studies, omitting threats

142 prevalence is generalisable across multiple amphibian families and spatial scales, and the magnitude

143 n the isolated sphincter muscle [3-5], as in amphibians, fish, and bird [6-10].

144 decoupled, as often occurs in invertebrates, amphibians, fish, reptiles and plants.

145 o-speciation pattern with their hosts, while amphibian FLERVs might not.

146 Female insects and anuran amphibians, for instance, use acoustic cues to localize,

147 tion debt of more than 140 bird, mammal, and amphibian forest-specific species, which if paid, would

148 Here, we report on a small amphibian from the Upper Triassic of Colorado, United St

149 Here, we screened more than 5000 amphibians from across four continents and combined expe

150 During amphibian gastrulation, presumptive endoderm is internal

151 Surprisingly, both extant and fossil amphibians generally exhibit melanosomes with a mixed eu

152 of the host genome, and sections of fish and amphibian genomes are derived from epsilon-like retrovir

153 ute exposure to corticosterone, the dominant amphibian glucocorticoid hormone, mediates development a

154 However, unlike in the amphibian, granule cells fail to enter the EGL.

155 the skin to use as antipredator mechanisms, amphibians have been considered poisonous rather than ve

156 Xenopodinae amphibians have highly expanded repertoires of antiviral

157 Although amphibians have well-developed immune defenses, clearanc

158 We obtained and analyzed the first amphibian HBV genome, as well as several prototype fish

159 teria might have lasting positive effects on amphibian health.

160 vidence points to a key role of monocytes in amphibian host defenses, monocytes are also thought to b

161 te the degree of parasite aggregation within amphibian host populations followed by a novel experimen

162 esocosm experiment consisting of four larval amphibian hosts [gray treefrogs, American toads (Anaxyru

163 causing mass mortality in multiple, diverse amphibian hosts in northern Spain, as well as a third, r

164 Using symbiont communities from amphibian hosts sampled from wetlands of California, USA

165 asite diversity, we combined surveys of 8100 amphibian hosts with an outdoor experiment that tested t

166 iving chytrid fungi to adapt to and colonize amphibian hosts.

167 ectors/hosts for zoonotic pathogens, and the amphibian IFN system provides a model to study IFN evolu

168 We identified these intronless amphibian IFNs and their intron-containing progenitors,

169 Amphibian IFNs represent a molecular complex more compli

170 fective than previous methods to investigate amphibian immune competence, particularly in nonmodel sp

171 , making them of interest to test effects on amphibian immune function.

172 pproach with two case studies involving rare amphibians in Yosemite National Park, USA.

173 We report fluorescence in amphibians, in the tree frog Hypsiboas punctatus, showin

174 ve ability for adult regeneration as urodele amphibians, including 1 of the more popular models: the

175 ders and a diversity of extinct temnospondyl amphibians, including stereospondyls.

176 ppearance of a large fraction of the Earth's amphibians inevitable, or are some declining species mor

177 e risk of infection and infectious burden of amphibians infected by the chytrid fungus Batrachochytri

178 As a result, warming halved amphibian infection loads and reduced pathology by 67%,

179 e change, yet evidence in globally imperiled amphibians is lacking.

180 The newt, a urodele amphibian, is able to repeatedly regenerate its limbs th

181 e cell lineage to another occurs in fish and amphibians, it has not been observed in mammals.

182 Smaller-bodied amphibians, larger reptiles and medium-sized non-volant

183 Changes in social preference of amphibian larvae result from sustained exposure to kinsh

184 hibians, suggesting that O-MALT evolved from amphibian LAs approximately 250 million years ago.

185 m species such as teleost fish and urodelian amphibians leading to the hypothesis that cardiac myocyt

186 the MRL mouse strain as a mammalian model of amphibian-like regeneration.

187 yn inhibit the survival and proliferation of amphibian lymphocytes and the Jurkat human T cell leukem

188 Notably, amphibian macrophages (Mphis) are important to both the

189 plicated in neuronal cell proliferation, and amphibians maintain relatively high neuronal proliferati

190 based on the largest systematic sampling of amphibian malformations, suggest that increased observat

191 f these cells resemble glomus cells found in amphibians, mammals, tortoises, and lizards.

192 pecies' adaptive responses, declines of some amphibians may be partially reversible, at least at a re

193 re is a key variable affecting the timing of amphibian metamorphosis from tadpoles to tetrapods, thro

194 been studying thyroid hormone (T3)-dependent amphibian metamorphosis in two highly related species, t

195 Amphibian metamorphosis is strikingly similar to postemb

196 This study uses an amphibian model to investigate at the cellular level the

197 Using an amphibian model, this study investigates whether differe

198 However, the mechanisms underlying amphibian Mphi Fv3 susceptibility and resistance remain

199 ys leading to Fv3-susceptible and -resistant amphibian Mphi populations and defines the molecular mec

200 data reveal an essential role for n1-src in amphibian neural development and suggest that alternativ

201 Amphibian neural development occurs as a two-step proces

202 We first predict amphibian occupancy with a statistical model that includ

203 as present in various groups of temnospondyl amphibians of the Carboniferous and Permian periods, inc

204 The amphibian olfactory system undergoes massive remodeling

205 Nuclear transfer to amphibian oocytes provides a special opportunity to test

206 We show here that, after nuclear transfer to amphibian oocytes, mitotic chromatin is reprogrammed up

207 In amphibian oocytes, TPC3 forms a channel similar to chann

208 arkness is nearly the same in lamprey and in amphibian or mammalian rods and cones; moreover backgrou

209 res) isolated from early stage invertebrate, amphibian, or fish embryos are ideal model systems for t

210 inner-ear organs in anuran amphibians - the amphibian papilla and sacculus, both detectors of weak e

211 In the amphibian papillia, sound frequencies up to 1 kHz are en

212 The amphibian parasite Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) i

213 Using larval amphibians and two amphibian parasites (ranaviruses and the trematode Echin

214 Using the amphibian pathogen frog virus 3 (FV3) in combination wit

215 ian skin bacteria inhibit growth of a fungal amphibian pathogen, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd),

216 oir increased the ability of Bd to invade an amphibian population and the extinction risk of that pop

217 um dendrobatidis (Bd) has been implicated in amphibian population declines globally.

218 utants and disease are factors implicated in amphibian population declines, and it is hypothesized th

219 are significantly contributing to worldwide amphibian population declines.

220 tment) using 31 datasets from temperate zone amphibian populations (North America and Europe) with mo

221 While we find that local amphibian populations are being lost from metapopulation

222 Worldwide amphibian populations are declining due to habitat loss,

223 nce suggests that suburban landscapes harbor amphibian populations exhibiting similar levels of endoc

224 The decline of amphibian populations, particularly frogs, is often cite

225 recently been introduced into naive European amphibian populations, where it is currently causing bio

226 oviridae) are posing an increasing threat to amphibian populations, with anuran tadpoles being partic

227 and structure, posing a grave threat to all amphibian populations.

228 ant contributors to the worldwide decline of amphibian populations.

229 through coevolutionary arms races with toxic amphibian prey, which select for TTX-resistant voltage-g

230 tes to the physiological degeneration of the amphibian pronephros and to the development of the cemen

231 Europe's obligate cave-dwelling amphibian Proteus anguinus inhabits subterranean waters

232 The axolotl, a urodele amphibian, provides a model with all the benefits of amp

233 ughout Yosemite, providing a rare example of amphibian recovery at an ecologically relevant spatial s

234 can enter the environment and alter fish and amphibian reproductive health.

235 This camouflage is particularly common in amphibians, reptiles and lepidopterans.

236 Yet, fish, amphibians, reptiles, and birds readily replace HCs and

237 t the analogous pathways are also present in amphibians, reptiles, and birds.

238 Bimodal relationships were evident for amphibians, reptiles, and bony fishes.

239 tassium-pump (Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase) in insects, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals.

240 Found in amphibians, reptiles, birds, and all three mammalian cla

241 as identified 920 species of mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles, conifers and reef-building corals

242 ls in the ciliary marginal zone (CMZ) of the amphibian retina, a well-characterised neurogenic niche.

243 n is limited to the skin in post-metamorphic amphibians, routine skin sloughing may regulate infectio

244 Amphibians seem to be particularly sensitive to emerging

245 eover, research has suggested a link between amphibian sensitivity to Bd and pesticide exposure.

246 osporic fungus that causes global decline in amphibians, showed glucose and fructose transport activi

247 ansion of intronless IFN genes is evident in amphibians, shown by 24-37 intronless IFN genes in each

248 Some amphibian skin bacteria inhibit growth of a fungal amphi

249 nstrates that Bd infection causes changes to amphibian skin bacterial communities, whereas the labora

250 lts suggest that the dominant members of the amphibian skin bacterial community may be functionally i

251 The amphibian skin microbiome is recognized for its role in

252 This study documented the effects of an amphibian skin pathogen of global conservation concern [

253 educe the number of cultivatable microbes on amphibian skin, and Bd infection increases skin sloughin

254 hosts, as revealed by the global decline of amphibian species from the chytrid fungus.

255 s to safeguard hundreds of direct-developing amphibian species globally.

256 es (100% of reptile, 99% of fish, and 92% of amphibian species had barcodes).

257 formance of the method by applying it to all amphibian species in the world (c. 6,100 species), all v

258 mug Se/g egg d.m., which suggests that this amphibian species is less sensitive to in ovo Se exposur

259 Although most amphibian species produce or sequester noxious or toxic

260 laboratory experiments and field patterns of amphibian species richness, host identity and Bd prevale

261 combination of models and experiments on an amphibian species suffering extirpations from the fungal

262 lyzed our data and those available for other amphibian species to build a matrix on NADPH-d brain dis

263 ent susceptibility of cold- and warm-adapted amphibian species to the fungal pathogen Batrachochytriu

264 hese patterns were generalizable to multiple amphibian species under more natural conditions.

265 is (Bd) is linked to declines of hundreds of amphibian species with aquatic larvae.

266 boratory experiments, we exposed wild-caught amphibian species with terrestrial and aquatic life hist

267 roparasite replication rates across multiple amphibian species, possibly through cross-reactive immun

268 known wildlife pandemic, infecting over 500 amphibian species.

269 ssessments of environmental contaminants for amphibian species.

270 in survival and reproductive success in most amphibian species.

271 ial isolates collected from the skin of four amphibian species: bullfrogs, Eastern newts, spring peep

272 tes (LAs) were found in the mucosa of anuran amphibians, suggesting that O-MALT evolved from amphibia

273 in "cold-blooded" animals, such as fish and amphibians, suggesting that the naked mole-rat is a powe

274 mparisons between the representative mammal, amphibian, teleost fish, and basal vertebrate indicate t

275 w-frequency-tuned inner-ear organs in anuran amphibians - the amphibian papilla and sacculus, both de

276 aim of this study was to examine whether an amphibian, the fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra),

277 mammalian respiratory sinus arrhythmia in an amphibian, the toad Rhinella schneideri.

278 species that is emblematic of many declining amphibians, the endangered Sierra Nevada yellow-legged f

279 Amphibians, therefore, may serve as overlooked vectors/h

280 d to previous protocols for PHA injection in amphibians, this method induced up to 20-fold greater in

281 e biochemical constituents of the respective amphibian tissues due to varying water quality in urban

282 d threatened terrestrial birds, mammals, and amphibians to assess current and possible future coverag

283 have significance for the susceptibility of amphibians to environmental change, and relevance for wh

284 hibians and facilitate the reintroduction of amphibians to locations in the wild where B. dendrobatid

285 ained remarkably constant in physiology from amphibians to man.

286 It further emphasizes the alarming rate of amphibian translocations, both at global and local scale

287 indicate a critical protective role for the amphibian type I IFN response during ranaviral infection

288 Anuran amphibians undergo major morphological transitions durin

289 obatidis by demonstrating infection of a non-amphibian vertebrate host, the zebrafish.

290 ndle can resemble those of a bundle from the amphibian vestibular system, the reptilian auditory syst

291 ance as a consequence of drastic declines in amphibians, where the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobati

292 particular issue for long-term monitoring of amphibians which often display low detectability and wid

293 ntal modulation of sexual differentiation in amphibians, which are assumed to only have genetic sex d

294 In particular, mammals and amphibians would suffer a halving of species richness at

295 The amphibian Xenopus laevis and Frog Virus 3 (FV3) were est

296 The amphibian Xenopus laevis is extensively utilized as an i

297 nscriptionally and functionally compared the amphibian Xenopus laevis type I (IFN) and III (IFN-lambd

298 classical MHC class Ib molecule XNC10 in the amphibian Xenopus laevis.

299 le of n1-src in the early development of the amphibian Xenopus tropicalis, and found that n1-src expr

300 Pertinently, amphibian (Xenopus laevis) Mphis differentiated by CSF-1