ライフサイエンスコーパス: amphioxus

1 t the posterior end of the cerebral vesicle (amphioxus).

2 ate chordate Branchiostoma floridae (Florida amphioxus).

3 te that AmphiNotch is the only Notch gene in amphioxus.

4 new T-box genes from the primitive chordate amphioxus.

5 own markers for presumptive neuroectoderm in amphioxus.

6 d reveal a form of hindbrain segmentation in amphioxus.

7 tes and the cephalochordates, represented by amphioxus.

8 se 1 (ChE1) and cholinesterase 2 (ChE2) from amphioxus.

9 a novel gene cluster in the cephalochordate amphioxus.

10 ertebrates as well as of the cephalochordate amphioxus.

11 ons revealed in developmental studies of the amphioxus.

12 forms of life, including the Cephalochordate amphioxus.

13 in early mesoderm formation in ascidians and amphioxus.

14 compared to one each in the cephalochordate amphioxus.

15 , AOS in coral, and epoxyalcohol synthase in amphioxus.

16 s about the existence of an MHB organizer in amphioxus.

17 he embryonic ectoderm of the cephalochordate amphioxus.

18 e (V) domains and a chitin-binding domain in amphioxus, a protochordate.

19 lar photoreceptors of the primitive chordate amphioxus also express melanopsin and transduce light vi

20 he sarcoplasmic calcium-binding protein from Amphioxus although the sequence identity is very low at

21 In neurula embryos of amphioxus, AmphiEn is expressed along the anteroposterio

22 We isolated a full-length cDNA clone of amphioxus AmphiNk2-tin, an NK2 gene similar in sequence

23 During the neurula stage of amphioxus, AmphiNk2-tin is expressed first within the fo

24 In amphioxus, AmphiWnt3, AmphiWnt5, and AmphiWnt6 are each

25 ily, we characterized the HIFalpha gene from amphioxus, an invertebrate chordate, and identified seve

26 A cascade, the Elovl2/Elovl5 elongases, from amphioxus, an invertebrate chordate, the sea lamprey, a

27 q profiling of the Hox cluster in embryos of amphioxus, an invertebrate chordate.

28 Here we show, from experimental decay of amphioxus and ammocoetes, that loss of chordate characte

29 es and their closest invertebrate relatives (amphioxus and ascidia) highlights two derived features o

30 erostome body patterning that degenerated in amphioxus and ascidians, but was retained to pattern div

31 he gain of the light-transduction process in amphioxus and examine key features that help outline the

32 r studies of gene regulation and function in amphioxus and for comparative studies with vertebrates t

33 and embryonic expression of Dmbx genes from amphioxus and from Ciona, representing the two most clos

34 A putative proto-MHC exists in the chordate amphioxus and in the fruit fly, indicating that a core M

35 We compared Id gene expression in amphioxus and lamprey to ask if cephalochordates deploy

36 For both the amphioxus and mouse genes, excess RA causes either (1) c

37 mes exhibit extensive conserved synteny with amphioxus and other bilaterians, and deeply conserved no

38 posing Nodal and BMP signaling is present in amphioxus and probably also in the common ancestor of am

39 omology between the anterior neurectoderm of amphioxus and the presumptive placodal ectoderm of verte

40 ates, to trunk muscles in the cephlochordate Amphioxus and to muscles derived from cardiopharyngeal m

41 and comparative molecular genetic studies of amphioxus and tunicates have provided recent insights in

42 ancestral invertebrate chordates (similar to amphioxus and tunicates) to vertebrates is well accepted

43 c mouse kidney helps support homology of the amphioxus and vertebrate kidneys.

44 ppear to have arisen since the divergence of amphioxus and vertebrate lineages, suggesting that diffe

45 and probably also in the common ancestor of amphioxus and vertebrates or even earlier in deuterostom

46 e mesoderm and endoderm is conserved between amphioxus and vertebrates, expression in the lateral neu

47 todermal patterning appear conserved between amphioxus and vertebrates, later activation of neural cr

48 on-neural ectoderm is a conserved feature in amphioxus and vertebrates, suggesting an ancient role fo

49 own functional domains are conserved between amphioxus and vertebrates, suggestive of a common chorda

50 nscriptional enhancers are conserved between amphioxus and vertebrates--a very wide phylogenetic dist

51 Nevertheless, excess RA similarly affects amphioxus and vertebrates.

52 ions of these proteins are conserved between amphioxus and vertebrates.

53 iverse deuterostomes (frog, fish, mouse, and amphioxus) and from planarians (protostomes) suggest tha

54 because AP2 and SoxE are not co-expressed in amphioxus, and because neural crest enhancers are not de

55 Lancelets ('amphioxus') are the modern survivors of an ancient chord

56 Our findings highlight the importance of amphioxus as a key organism for understanding evolution

57 However, a major impediment to amphioxus as a model organism for developmental biology

58 Amphioxus, as the closest living invertebrate relative o

59 This cannot be true for amphioxus because of the lack of migratory neural crest.

60 tracts and commissural regions of the adult amphioxus brain.

61 , the sea squirt Ciona intestinalis (Ci) and amphioxus Branchiostoma floridae (Bf), from which we als

62 , the cytoarchitecture of the brain of adult amphioxus Branchiostoma lanceolatum was reinvestigated b

63 high regeneration potential of the European amphioxus Branchiostoma lanceolatum.

64 e diversified immune-type molecules found in amphioxus (Branchiostoma floridae), an invertebrate that

65 and later in copepods and cephalochordates (amphioxus) (Branchiostoma spp).

66 induce metamorphosis in the cephalochordate amphioxus by binding to a receptor homologous to vertebr

67 be applied to the isolated genomes of frog, amphioxus, Caenorhabditis elegans and many others.

68 Amphioxus (Cephalochordata) belongs to the most basal ex

69 ter and shows a structural similarity to the amphioxus cluster, whereas the other shark cluster (HoxN

70 show that the genome of the basal chordate, amphioxus, contains homologs of most vertebrate genes im

71 ever, many aspects of gene regulation during amphioxus development have not been fully characterized.

72 ecially those regulatory factors involved in amphioxus development, and advance understanding of the

73 Unlike nonchordates, amphioxus develops its central nervous system (CNS) from

74 he dynamic expression patterns of the single amphioxus Distal-less homolog (AmphiDll) during developm

75 tenin and RA signaling in the basal chordate amphioxus during the gastrula stage, which is the RA-sen

76 The single Elovl2/5 from amphioxus efficiently elongates C18 and C20 and, to a ma

77 a reproducible method for microinjection of amphioxus eggs.

78 ebrate neural patterning in a representative amphioxus embryonic stage.

79 ver, the absence of gill slits in RA-treated amphioxus embryos correlates with an RA-induced failure

80 ities within their tail buds, vertebrate and amphioxus embryos differ markedly in the relation betwee

81 Later, amphioxus embryos express AmphiEn in non-metameric patte

82 ose of their vertebrate orthlogues, and that amphioxus embryos, like those of vertebrates, are ventra

83 oduction of large molecules such as DNA into amphioxus embryos, opens the way for studies of gene reg

84 how that the gastrula of the cephalochordate amphioxus expresses dorsal/ventral (D/V) patterning gene

85 These results support homology of the amphioxus frontal eye and the vertebrate eyes and yield

86 However, the amphioxus frontal eye is composed of simple ciliated cel

87 et out to characterize the cell types of the amphioxus frontal eye molecularly, to test their possibl

88 From these results we conclude that in the amphioxus gastrula RA signaling primarily acts via regul

89 In the amphioxus gastrula, AmphiDll is expressed throughout the

90 rent roles in patterning the A/P axis of the amphioxus gastrula.

91 ybridization showed that, as in vertebrates, amphioxus Gbx and the Hox cluster are on the same chromo

92 ary origins of the MHB, we cloned the single amphioxus Gbx gene.

93 Amphioxus Gbx is expressed in all germ layers in the pos

94 molog is cryptically segmented, we cloned an amphioxus gene closely related to islet1, which we named

95 d through studies of a simpler, unduplicated amphioxus gene cluster.

96 We find that each amphioxus gene generally corresponds to two or three ver

97 an be correlated with some of the insect and Amphioxus genes, and have remained distinctive for hundr

98 nes is considerably higher than for the four amphioxus genes.

99 The amphioxus genome also exhibits derived features, includi

100 The amphioxus genome contains a basic set of chordate genes

101 limited number of VCBP genes present in the amphioxus genome exhibit exceptionally high haplotype va

102 Our results indicate that the amphioxus genome is elemental to an understanding of the

103 Studies of amphioxus Go-opsin have demonstrated that Glu-181 functi

104 n of these expression patterns suggests that amphioxus has a homolog of the vertebrate hindbrain, bot

105 The sole MEF2 gene of the cephalochordate amphioxus has a similar regulatory region structure, sug

106 However, where amphioxus has a single gene, vertebrates often have two,

107 urred close to the origin of vertebrates, as amphioxus has a typically invertebrate methylation patte

108 ession of Hox genes in pharyngeal tissues of amphioxus has not yet been detected.

109 In contrast, the basal chordate, amphioxus, has a single SoxE gene and lacks NC-like cell

110 ation of the central nervous system of adult amphioxus have investigated the spinal cord.

111 usters of vertebrates and the basal chordate amphioxus have similar organization to the hemichordate

112 The amphioxus heart is a rostrocaudally extended tube consis

113 with GFP and tested in mammalian cells, the amphioxus HIFalpha Ia protein level increased in respons

114 All amphioxus HIFalpha isoforms had 2 functional transactiva

115 To learn if the amphioxus hindbrain homolog is cryptically segmented, we

116 icle expression marks the rostral end of the amphioxus hindbrain; if it does, then amphioxus may have

117 slet expression domains provide evidence for amphioxus homologs of the pineal gland, adenohypophysis,

118 ced knowledge of the genomic organization of amphioxus; however, many aspects of gene regulation duri

119 nomic DNA fragments from the cephalochordate amphioxus Hox cluster in transgenic mouse and chick embr

120 rast to the architecture in vertebrates, the amphioxus Hox cluster is organized into a single chromat

121 We also identify amphioxus Hox gene regulatory elements that drive spatia

122 Amphioxus Id expression is also consistent with homology

123 e gastrula stage, we used the basal chordate amphioxus, in which gastrulation involves very minimal t

124 ng genoarchitectonic model revealed that the amphioxus incipient neural tube is unexpectedly complex,

125 Neither in tunicates nor in Amphioxus is there any evidence that the canonical Wnt-s

126 The basal chordate amphioxus is uniquely positioned to address the evolutio

127 Amphioxus is widely used in evolutionary developmental b

128 We report that amphioxus islet expression includes a domain of segmenta

129 Isolation and comparison of amphioxus, lamprey and axolotl AP-2 reveals its extensiv

130 most striking morphogenetic effect of RA on amphioxus larvae is the failure of mouth and gill slits

131 sults suggest that craniates evolved from an amphioxus-like creature that had the beginnings of a for

132 Apparently, an amphioxus-like heart, and the developmental program dire

133 oding the insulin-like peptide suggests that amphioxus may have homologs of vertebrate pancreatic isl

134 of the amphioxus hindbrain; if it does, then amphioxus may have little or no homolog of the vertebrat

135 the same direction, as are the Hox genes of amphioxus, mice, and humans.

136 ss homeodomains of the nematode, Drosophila, amphioxus, mouse, and human indicates that the 13 cognat

137 The cephalochordate Amphioxus naturally co-expresses fluorescent proteins (F

138 phiHox-1 (homologous to mouse Hoxb-1) in the amphioxus nerve cord is also extended anteriorly.

139 e expression of AmphiHox-1 expression in the amphioxus nerve cord, it does not alter the expression o

140 e earliest indication of segmentation in the amphioxus nerve cord.

141 nal (3D) mapping of cell connectivity in the amphioxus nervous system and comparative molecular genet

142 hermore, exogenous BMP affects expression of amphioxus neural plate border genes as in vertebrates, s

143 est specifier genes are not expressed at the amphioxus neural plate/tube border, raising the intrigui

144 of the cerebral vesicle; this region of the amphioxus neural tube, as judged by neural expression do

145 y share origins with the Hesse organs in the amphioxus neural tube.

146 In amphioxus, no Dmbx expression is observed in the neural

147 loned the entire 7575-bp coding region of an amphioxus Notch gene (AmphiNotch), encoding 2524 amino a

148 date Branchiostoma floridae, commonly called amphioxus or lancelets.

149 d in lamprey, but not in either ascidians or amphioxus (or any other nonchordate taxon).

150 ite 7 to the anterior end of the nerve cord (amphioxus) or (2) discontinuous expression with a gap in

151 hila Rh1 may not be located at Glu-181 as in amphioxus, or at Glu-113 as in bovine rhodopsin.

152 Drawing on data from vertebrates, tunicates, amphioxus, other bilaterians and cnidarians, we build th

153 In the CNS of the cephalochordate amphioxus, Otx is also expressed anteriorly, but En, Pax

154 The "frontal eye" of amphioxus, our most primitive chordate relative, has lon

155 al examples of linkage reported, such as the amphioxus ParaHox and Drosophila 93D/E clusters.

156 We provide a detailed analysis of the amphioxus ParaHox cluster and, for the first time in a s

157 Furthermore, we show that amphioxus ParaHox genes have co-linear developmental exp

158 ion; there are comparable levels in the four amphioxus Pax genes as in each gene of the equivalent ve

159 tematically surveyed transcripts of the four amphioxus Pax genes.

160 9a, an activity that is not displayed by the amphioxus Prdm12 protein.

161 ver, this region is not overtly segmented in amphioxus, raising the question of how hindbrain segment

162 brain domains jointly correspond to a single amphioxus region, which we termed Di-Mesencephalic primo

163 The basal chordate amphioxus resembles vertebrates in having a dorsal, holl

164 s, including early-branching animals such as amphioxus, sea anemone, amoebas and Trichoplax, and in p

165 These relationships suggest that amphioxus shares with other deuterostomes a common mecha

166 crest enhancers are not detected proximal to amphioxus soxE.

167 ergence of teleosts but after the vertebrate-amphioxus split.

168 Evidence from amphioxus suggests that ancestral chordates then concent

169 ail bud and the forming somites, whereas the amphioxus tail bud gives rise to new somites directly.

170 The amphioxus tail bud is similar to the amphibian tail bud

171 Cephalochordates (amphioxus), the closest living invertebrate relatives of

172 n the vertebrates (but not the protochordate Amphioxus), the single invertebrate dystrophin-like gene

173 We administered excess RA to developing amphioxus, the closest invertebrate relative of the vert

174 Gene expression studies suggest that amphioxus, the closest invertebrate relative of vertebra

175 expression of AmphiEn, the engrailed gene of amphioxus, the closest living invertebrate relative of t

176 discovery of ProtoRAG in the lower chordate Amphioxus, the long-anticipated TE related to the RAG tr

177 Recently in amphioxus, the most basal chordate, melanopsin-expressin

178 In normal amphioxus, the nerve cord has only a slight anterior swe

179 ptomes of 13 developmental stages of Chinese amphioxus to gain a comprehensive understanding of trans

180 d determined the embryonic expression of two amphioxus transcription factors, AmphiSox1/2/3 and Amphi

181 a cryptically segmented brain present in the amphioxus/vertebrate ancestor.

182 Based on expression in amphioxus we postulate that Id cooption conferred sensor

183 een determined for the invertebrate chordate Amphioxus, which, like sea urchins, has an early embryo

184 Comparisons of Amphioxus with other deuterostomes suggest that patterni

185 We characterize three amphioxus Wnt genes (AmphiWnt3, AmphiWnt5, and AmphiWnt6

186 family in the genomes of Ciona intestinalis, amphioxus, zebrafish, and human.