ライフサイエンスコーパス: amylin

1 including islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP or amylin).

2 type 2 diabetes) with a known inhibitor (rat amylin).

3 mposed of islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP or amylin).

4 gation of islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP or amylin).

5 uggest novel (to our knowledge) findings for amylin.

6 shares three proline substitutions with rat amylin.

7 ats, and in AKO rats infused with aggregated amylin.

8 able to seed amyloid formation by unmodified amylin.

9 n (HDL), leptin, pancreatic polypeptide, and amylin.

10 ificantly more effective inhibitors than rat amylin.

11 hairpin loop by the single disulfide bond in amylin.

12 may respond to a combination of leptin plus amylin.

13 f peptides that require RAMPs; CGRP, AM, and amylin.

14 of-action mediating the anorectic effects of amylin.

15 association with the -HSSNN- residues of the amylin.

16 Amylin (1-30 ng) was administered with the mu-OR agonist

17 ession of these genes yields a high-affinity amylin-1 receptor (AMY1-R)], with highest overlap in the

18 AE, restored their therapeutic efficacy when Amylin 28-33 was administered.

19 Amylin, a 37-aa pancreatic hormone, is the major constit

20 Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) or amylin, a 37-amino acid residue peptide, is produced in

21 upregulation of IAPP, the gene that encodes amylin, a 37-amino-acid peptide co-secreted with insulin

22 alamic signal) and short-term satiety (e.g., amylin, a hindbrain signal).

23 s expressing the same level of wild-type rat amylin, a nonamyloidogenic isoform, exhibited normal hea

24 The ability of amylin, a pancreatic beta-cell-derived neuropeptide, to

25 Amylin, a pancreatic peptide, and amyloid-beta peptides

26 irculating levels of amylin may also lead to amylin accumulation and proteotoxicity in peripheral org

27 Amylin accumulation in the brain of diabetic patients wi

28 However, amylin accumulation leads to amyloid formation independe

29 , spongiform change, and capillaries bent at amylin accumulation sites.

30 Amylin acts acutely via the area postrema to reduce food

31 Amylin acts in the CNS to reduce feeding and body weight

32 We postulated that amylin acts in the lateral dorsal tegmental nucleus (LDT

33 We find that amylin adopts three stable conformations: one with an al

34 ures, but it is not known whether pancreatic amylin affects amyloid pathogenesis in the AD brain.

35 e inhibitory effect of the copper(II) ion on amylin aggregation has been recently discovered, but det

36 The inhibitory effect of cholesterol on amylin aggregation in solution was also demonstrated as

37 nent of eukaryotic cells membranes, controls amylin aggregation on model membranes.

38 tructure but can still act as a template for amylin aggregation.

39 both nonclinical and clinical evidence that amylin agonism restored leptin responsiveness in diet-in

40 hermore, the presence of a disulfide bond in amylin allows IDE to cut at an additional site in the mi

41 Intra-AcbSh amylin alone (3-30 ng) modestly suppressed 10% sucrose i

42 Human amylin (also known as islet amyloid polypeptide/hIAPP) i

43 CTR-like receptor (CLR) for calcitonin (CT), amylin (Amy), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), an

44 Amylin amyloid formation in the wall of cerebral blood v

45 disorders and aging promote accumulation of amylin amyloid in the cerebrovascular system and gray ma

46 Amylin amyloids are generally considered a pancreatic di

47 human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP, aka amylin), an amyloidogenic peptide associated with beta-c

48 e 2 diabetes and dementia have deposition of amylin, an amyloidogenic hormone cosecreted with insulin

49 stration of recombinant human leptin and the amylin analog pramlintide elicited 12.7% mean weight los

50 ssive effects of a peripherally administered amylin analog, suggesting that amylin receptor signaling

51 lanation for a positive relationship between amylin and Abeta in blood.

52 asma samples, a positive association between amylin and Abeta1-42 as well as Abeta1-40 is found only

53 Mixed amylin and amyloid beta (Abeta) deposits were occasional

54 AKO rats of human amylin, or combined human amylin and apolipoprotein E4, showed that amylin binds t

55 f appetite induced by the anorectic hormones amylin and cholecystokinin, as well as by lithium chlori

56 mouse models, we investigated the effects of amylin and its clinical analog, pramlintide, on AD patho

57 efficient inhibition of amyloid formation of Amylin and its disruption by a novel class of conformati

58 Both amylin and its precursor can aggregate and produce toxic

59 We investigated the amyloidogenicity of amylin and its processing intermediates in vitro.

60 udies also show that the amyloidogenicity of amylin and its processing intermediates is negatively co

61 that concurrent peripheral administration of amylin and leptin elicits synergistic, fat-specific weig

62 tructural basis for the interactions between amylin and membranes, we determined the NMR structure of

63 Both amylin and pramlintide treatments increase the concentra

64 ined administration of the beta-cell hormone amylin and the adipokine leptin are reviewed.

65 Together with NMR structures of amylin and the IGF and epidermal growth factor families,

66 erbated the brain accumulation of aggregated amylin and vascular pathology in HIP rats.

67 was observed for rs73069071 within the IAPP (amylin) and SLCO1A2 genes (P=6.2 x 10(-8)).

68 of human IGF-II, TGF-alpha, amylin, reduced amylin, and amyloid-beta by human IDE.

69 egments from Alzheimer's amyloid-beta, human amylin, and calcitonin.

70 d normal mice injected with aggregated human amylin, and developed in vitro cell models.

71 has been shown to affect levels of insulin, amylin, and glucagon in vivo.

72 ct was associated with higher serum insulin, amylin, and glucagon-like peptide 1 levels compared with

73 cortisolaemia; decreases in leptin, insulin, amylin, and incretins; and increases in ghrelin, peptide

74 nificant changes in ghrelin, PP, PYY, GLP-1, amylin, and leptin levels.

75 fasting and postprandial levels of ghrelin, amylin, and leptin were observed.

76 are thought to facilitate the aggregation of amylin, and membrane-bound oligomers may be responsible

77 monoacylglycerol, spermidine, amyloid-beta, amylin, and osmotic shock.

78 lyzes bioactive peptides, including insulin, amylin, and the amyloid beta peptides.

79 se used for Abeta, the fibrillar assembly of amylin, another amyloidogenic peptide, was not inhibited

80 folded and random-coil conformations of rat amylin are observed in water and their relative stabilit

81 et amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP, also known as amylin) as islet amyloid is a characteristic feature of

82 DE-IGF-II and IDE-TGF-alpha at 2.3 A and IDE-amylin at 2.9 A.

83 Rat amylin, which differs from human amylin at six residues, does not lead to formation of am

84 jury, generating reactive aldehydes, forming amylin-based adducts with reactive aldehydes, and increa

85 t constituted seeds or nuclei for continuing amylin binding and aggregation.

86 However, despite amylin binding throughout the brain, the possible role o

87 egation and to the physiological function of amylin binding to the calcitonin receptor.

88 the densest concentrations of high-affinity amylin binding; nevertheless, these receptors have not b

89 an amylin and apolipoprotein E4, showed that amylin binds to plasma apolipoproteins.

90 At 24 h after mixing, rat amylin blocks neither beta-sheet and forms its own beta-

91 nal beta-sheet, but at 8 h after mixing, rat amylin blocks the N-terminal beta-sheet instead.

92 es, we determined the NMR structure of human amylin bound to SDS micelles.

93 Our amylin-bound IDE structure offers insight into how the s

94 ose that detection and disruption of cardiac amylin buildup may be both a predictor of heart dysfunct

95 ructural constraint from a disulfide bond in amylin can alter IDE cleavage sites.

96 ncreases feeding following administration of amylin, CCK, and LiCl, but not LPS.

97 overcome the appetite suppressing effects of amylin, CCK, and LiCl, but not LPS.

98 ay play a role in regulating Abeta in brain, amylin class peptides may provide a new avenue for both

99 DE may be more important in helping regulate amylin clearance.

100 tate, and the dissociation constant of human amylin-copper(II) complex.

101 Using LAESI-IMS-MS for the assessment of amylin-copper(II) interactions demonstrates the utility

102 positively charged surface of the fibrillar amylin cross-beta structure.

103 or eight-saccharide monomers protect against amylin cytotoxicity toward a MIN6 mouse cell model of pa

104 itively charged N-terminal half of monomeric amylin depends on the concentration of negatively charge

105 mmon in individuals with prediabetes, causes amylin deposition and proteotoxicity in pancreatic islet

106 INTERPRETATION: These data identify vascular amylin deposition as a trigger of brain endothelial dysf

107 Amylin deposition in brain blood vessels is associated w

108 We compared amylin deposition in failing and nonfailing hearts from

109 Hyperamylinemia promotes amylin deposition in the heart, causing alterations of c

110 are consistent with the pathological role of amylin deposition in the pancreas, uncover a novel contr

111 It is not known whether vascular amylin deposition is a consequence or a trigger of vascu

112 We found that amylin deposition negatively affects cardiac myocytes by

113 Vascular amylin deposition provokes loss of endothelial cell cove

114 Intriguingly, amylin deposition was also detected in blood vessels and

115 In addition, extensive amylin deposition was found in blood vessels and perivas

116 We tested the hypothesis that the vascular amylin deposits cause endothelial dysfunction and microv

117 Recent studies also identified amylin deposits in failing hearts from patients with obe

118 In the absence of copper(II), amylin dimers were detected with collision cross section

119 Amylin dose-dependently reversed DAMGO-induced hyperphag

120 disruption, showing the specificity of AcbSh amylin effects to the AMY1-R.

121 We postulated that amylin enhances VMH leptin signaling by inducing interle

122 Amylin exposure for 5 days increased IL-6 mRNA expressio

123 amidation together with structural models of amylin fibers reveals that deamidation in the N-terminal

124 anionic phospholipids in membrane-catalyzed amylin fibrillogenesis and aggregation.

125 By contrast, amylin fibrillogenesis has a sigmoidal dependence on hep

126 Finally, we elucidate the predominant amylin fibrils and assert that native amylin is more sta

127 CreateFibril constructed HET-s, Abeta, and amylin fibrils up to 17 nm in length, and utilized a nov

128 iments indicate that heparin associates with amylin fibrils, rather than enhancing fibrillogenesis ca

129 pathway to the formation of beta-sheet rich amylin fibrils.

130 ely, on membranes incorporating cholesterol, amylin formed highly compact approximately 200- to 500-n

131 On cholesterol-depleted planar membranes, amylin formed highly symmetrical tetrameric and pentamer

132 ture secretory granule (37 degrees C, pH 6), amylin forms amyloid aggregates more rapidly than its pr

133 Human amylin forms both intracellular and extracellular amyloi

134 urally homogeneous fibrils from a 30-residue amylin fragment (hIAPP 8-37) produces morphologically ho

135 oop and a C-terminal tryptophan in monomeric amylins from human and rat.

136 involved in this tumour regression and that amylin functions through the calcitonin receptor (CalcR)

137 ary evaluation by more than twofold, whereas amylin greater than or equal to 116 pg/ml decreased the

138 The aggregation of human amylin (hA) to form cytotoxic structures has been closel

139 Amylin had no similar effects on cultured astrocytes or

140 ated amyloidogenic systems, human pancreatic amylin (hAM) and alpha-synuclein (alpha-syn), associated

141 Abeta1-42 and human amylin (hAmylin) increase cytosolic cAMP and Ca(2+), tri

142 mbrane by the amyloidogenic peptide IAPP (or amylin) has been implicated in beta-cell death during ty

143 let Amyloid Polypeptide (IAPP, also known as amylin) has been shown to disrupt beta-cell membranes le

144 ion under the same conditions in which human amylin (hIAPP) forms amyloid fibers.

145 ormed by the amyloidogenic fragment of human amylin hIAPP20-29 subjected to force applied in a variet

146 Aggregates of Amylin hormone, which is co-secreted with insulin from t

147 the recently growing evidence on the role of amylin in AD.

148 f heart dysfunction in rats expressing human amylin in pancreatic beta-cells (HIP rats).

149 y observed differences between human and rat amylin in solution and their possible relation to aggreg

150 hed literature in the areas of incretins and amylin in the management of pediatric diabetes.

151 ttle is known, however, about the effects of amylin in the nucleus accumbens shell (AcbSh), where a c

152 Rats overexpressing amyloidogenic (human) amylin in the pancreas (HIP rats) and amylin knockout (A

153 Amyloid deposits of amylin in the pancreas are an important characteristic f

154 stable, soluble random-coil conformation for amylin in the presence of cholesterol that could explain

155 the abundance and signalling of glucagon and amylin, in addition to that of insulin.

156 infusion of IL-6 antibody also prevented the amylin-induced decrease of body weight gain.

157 Suppression in NAcC DA mediates VTA amylin-induced hypophagia, as combined NAcC D1/D2 recept

158 These results show that amylin-induced VMH microglial IL-6 production is the lik

159 One intracerebroventricular injection of amylin induces a more significant surge in serum Abeta t

160 affecting baseline startle; dorsal striatal amylin infusions had no effect.

161 Intra-AcbSh amylin infusions in rats (0, 30, and 100 ng) reversed am

162 elf-assembly of the human pancreatic hormone amylin into toxic oligomers and aggregates is linked to

163 Amylin is a calcitonin-related peptide co-secreted with

164 Amylin is a peptide co-secreted with insulin that penetr

165 Amylin is an endocrine hormone that regulates metabolism

166 nderpinning T2D, but that amyloidogenesis of amylin is closely involved, we have been seeking to unde

167 Hypersecretion of amylin is common in individuals with prediabetes, causes

168 In patients afflicted with type 2 diabetes, amylin is found in fibrillar deposits in the pancreas.

169 monomer of the human, amyloidogenic form of amylin is more compact than the rat form, which does not

170 minant amylin fibrils and assert that native amylin is more stable than its amyloid form.

171 This is striking, because rat amylin is natively disordered and not previously known t

172 t after September 11, 2001, whereas elevated amylin is protective.

173 Human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP or Amylin) is a 37 residue hormone that is cosecreted with

174 Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP or amylin) is a 37-residue peptide hormone associated with

175 Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP or amylin) is a 37-residue peptide secreted with insulin by

176 Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP or Amylin) is a 37-residue, C-terminally amidated pancreati

177 Human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP or amylin) is a causative agent in pancreatic amyloid depos

178 Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP, amylin) is responsible for amyloid formation in type 2 d

179 let amyloid polypeptide (IAPP; also known as amylin) is responsible for islet amyloid formation in ty

180 Islet amyloid polypeptide (amylin) is the main component in amyloid deposits formed

181 Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP, amylin) is the major protein component of the islet amyl

182 et amyloid polypeptide (IAPP), also known as amylin, is responsible for amyloid formation in type 2 d

183 wledge, that the N-terminal loop (N_loop) of amylin (islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) residues 1-8) f

184 c proteins, amyloid beta protein (Abeta) and amylin (islet amyloid polypeptide), respectively.

185 f calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP) and amylin (islet amyloid polypeptide, IAPP), two intrinsica

186 ha-synuclein (aS) forms amyloids and in T2D, amylin [islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP)] forms amyloids

187 human) amylin in the pancreas (HIP rats) and amylin knockout (AKO) rats intravenously infused with ag

188 Combined amylin+leptin (AMN+LEP) can reduce diet induced obesity

189 ological conditions that augment insulin and amylin levels, such as oral glucose administration, acut

190 ion with NTE-1 did result in elevated plasma amylin levels, suggesting the in vivo role of IDE action

191 However, elevated circulating levels of amylin may also lead to amylin accumulation and proteoto

192 suggesting the in vivo role of IDE action on amylin may be more significant than an effect on insulin

193 Recent evidence suggests that both Abeta and amylin may express their effects through the amylin rece

194 As naturally occurring amylin may play a role in regulating Abeta in brain, amy

195 We therefore hypothesized that oligomerized amylin might accumulate in the cerebrovascular system an

196 rential association between the beta-hairpin amylin monomer and the metal ion was found.

197 port the conformational preferences of human amylin monomer in solution using molecular simulations a

198 In contrast to oligomers, amylin monomers followed clathrin-dependent endocytosis,

199 However, cholesterol inhibited amylin nucleation with a 7-fold decrease in the number o

200 dition of water-soluble cholesterol restores amylin oligomer clustering at the PM and internalization

201 nsulin-resistant patients, is known to cause amylin oligomerization and cytotoxicity in pancreatic is

202 oughput screening of potential inhibitors of amylin oligomerization and fibril formation.

203 icroscopy reveals an increased nucleation of amylin oligomers across the plasma membrane in cholester

204 Amylin oligomers and plaques were identified in the temp

205 It has been proposed that amylin oligomers arising along the aggregation or fibril

206 ransgenic for human amylin, we observed that amylin oligomers attach to the sarcolemma, leading to my

207 ition, sorting, and internalization of toxic amylin oligomers but not monomers in pancreatic rat insu

208 Biochemical studies confirm accumulation of amylin oligomers in the medium after depletion of PM cho

209 Small amylin oligomers were even elevated in nonfailing hearts

210 We found significant accumulation of large amylin oligomers, fibrils, and plaques in failing hearts

211 hanism for selective uptake and clearance of amylin oligomers, impairment of which greatly potentiate

212 skeleton network inhibits internalization of amylin oligomers, which in turn enhances extracellular o

213 nishes cell surface coverage and toxicity of amylin oligomers.

214 dynamics and macromolecular organization of amylin on anionic and neutral planar membranes that lack

215 es and studied the effects of the aggregated amylin on endothelial cells ex vivo.

216 opamine antagonist-like effects of intra-Acb amylin on feeding and associated behavior.

217 is orientation may direct the aggregation of amylin on membranes, whereas coupling between the two se

218 lypeptide, as well as the pancreatic hormone amylin, on energy balance and glycemic control.

219 l (i.p.) injection of AD animals with either amylin or pramlintide reduces the amyloid burden as well

220 Intravenous infusion in AKO rats of human amylin, or combined human amylin and apolipoprotein E4,

221 differ substantively according to degree of amylin overproduction.

222 tion with a 7-fold decrease in the number of amylin particles.

223 ls formed by other polypeptides, such as the amylin peptide associated with type 2 diabetes, these st

224 The 37-residue, C-terminally amidated human amylin peptide derives from a proprotein that undergoes

225 We sequenced the amylin peptide, determined the fibrillogenic propensitie

226 -density lipoprotein (LDL), amyloid-beta and amylin peptides, accumulate in such diseases.

227 Eli Lilly and Company and Amylin Pharmaceuticals LLC.

228 ptide-1 receptor agonist, exenatide (Byetta, Amylin Pharmaceuticals, CA) has properties that could im

229 Alliance of Eli Lilly and Company and Amylin Pharmaceuticals.

230 e have examined the effect of cholesterol on amylin polymerization both on planar membranes and in so

231 lain the inhibitory effect of cholesterol on amylin polymerization in solution and on membranes.

232 logical consequence of cholesterol-regulated amylin polymerization on membranes and biochemical mecha

233 ds, suggesting a novel cholesterol-regulated amylin polymerization process.

234 ies: Abeta42, transthyretin, and human islet amylin polypeptide.

235 The addition of leptin after amylin pretreatment elicited further weight loss, compar

236 The pancreatic- and brain-derived hormone amylin promotes negative energy balance and is receiving

237 diabetes exhibit fibrillar deposits of human amylin protein in the pancreas.

238 As amylin readily crosses the blood-brain barrier, our stud

239 cbSh), where a circumscribed zone of intense amylin receptor (AMY-R) binding overlaps reported mappin

240 iating the intake-suppressive effects of VTA amylin receptor (AmyR) activation are unknown.

241 We found that components of the amylin receptor (RAMPs1-3, CTR1a,b) are expressed in cul

242 VTA amylin receptor activation also reduces sucrose self-adm

243 hanisms underlying the hypophagic effects of amylin receptor activation in the LDTg.

244 signaling mediates the hypophagia after LDTg amylin receptor activation.

245 Amylin receptor antagonist AC253 blocks increases in int

246 nist studies provide novel evidence that VTA amylin receptor blockade increases food intake and atten

247 action analyses to examine expression of the amylin receptor complex in rat LDTg tissue.

248 ain reaction analyses show expression of the amylin receptor complex in the LDTg.

249 We show that mRNA for all components of the amylin receptor complex is expressed in the ventral tegm

250 with stable expression of an isoform of the amylin receptor family, amylin receptor-3 (AMY3).

251 administered amylin analog, suggesting that amylin receptor signaling in the VTA is physiologically

252 ral knockdown experiments indicate that LDTg amylin receptor signaling is physiologically and potenti

253 amylin may express their effects through the amylin receptor, although the precise mechanisms for thi

254 of an isoform of the amylin receptor family, amylin receptor-3 (AMY3).

255 immunohistochemical data indicate that LDTg amylin receptors are expressed on gamma-aminobutyric aci

256 Activation of LDTg amylin receptors by the agonist salmon calcitonin dose-d

257 Direct activation of VTA amylin receptors reduces the intake of chow and palatabl

258 : calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and amylin receptors.

259 ing ligand binding properties of CTR and the amylin receptors.

260 reversed DAMGO-induced hyperphagia; 3 ng of amylin reduced DAMGO-mediated feeding by nearly 50%.

261 e cleavage sites of human IGF-II, TGF-alpha, amylin, reduced amylin, and amyloid-beta by human IDE.

262 aggregates and has been widely prescribed in amylin replacement treatment.

263 (29) of the human islet amyloid polypeptide amylin, reveals that the peptide assembles into two amyl

264 ization of oligomers from both human and rat amylin (rIAPP) are described.

265 rier, our study demonstrates that peripheral amylin's action on the central nervous system results in

266 er, the neurobiological substrates mediating amylin's effects are not fully characterized.

267 leus with therapeutic potential in mediating amylin's effects on energy balance through gamma-aminobu

268 NMR studies reveal that human amylin samples helical conformations.

269 ormones released following a meal, including amylin, secreted by the pancreas, and cholecystokinin (C

270 Amylin sequence in the baboon was 92% similar to humans

271 Based on its sequence, rat amylin should block formation of the C-terminal beta-she

272 Tissues infiltrated by amylin showed increased interstitial space, vacuolation,

273 g throughout the brain, the possible role of amylin signaling at other nuclei in the control of food

274 Here, we investigated whether intra-Acb amylin signaling modulates prepulse inhibition (PPI), a

275 expressing endogenous (nonamyloidogenic) rat amylin, studied normal mice injected with aggregated hum

276 of the processing intermediates relative to amylin suggests their presence in intracellular amyloid

277 nlike the pancreas, there was no evidence of amylin synthesis in the brain.

278 Pramlintide, a synthetic analogue of amylin that is currently used to treat type 1 and type 2

279 Pramlintide is a synthetic analog of human amylin that shares three proline substitutions with rat

280 by human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP or amylin) that is associated with type 2 diabetes.

281 -specific structure for the complex of human amylin (the peptide responsible for islet amyloid format

282 ng such system is islet amyloid polypeptide (Amylin), the causative agent of amyloid formation in typ

283 of the human islet amyloid protein (hIAPP or amylin), the protein associated with type II diabetes.

284 tion on the kinetics of amyloid formation by amylin, the causative agent of type 2 diabetes.

285 ntagonist for AMY1-R, blocked the ability of amylin to normalize AMPH-induced PPI disruption, showing

286 ical mechanisms that protect beta-cells from amylin toxicity are poorly understood.

287 llular oligomer accumulation and potentiates amylin toxicity.

288 ers, impairment of which greatly potentiates amylin toxicity.

289 nd microvascular injury and are modulated by amylin transport in the brain via plasma apolipoproteins

290 In rats, 5 days of amylin treatment decreased body weight gain and/or food

291 Similar 5-day amylin treatment increased VMN leptin-induced phosphoryl

292 production is the likely mechanism by which amylin treatment interacts with VMH leptin signaling to

293 -1beta might function as a sensor of myocyte amylin uptake and a potential mediator of myocyte injury

294 present detailed solution structures of rat amylin using a combination of Monte Carlo and molecular

295 Furthermore, metabolic response to amylin was enhanced in the nestin/hRAMP1 mice whereas th

296 odel of hyperamylinemia transgenic for human amylin, we observed that amylin oligomers attach to the

297 ed but not significantly whereas insulin and amylin were unchanged.

298 ) rats intravenously infused with aggregated amylin were used for in vivo phenotyping.

299 Rat amylin, which differs from human amylin at six residues,

300 We characterized the interaction of amylin with heparin fragments of defined length, which m