ライフサイエンスコーパス: anthrax

1 a potential therapeutic for the treatment of anthrax.

2 a life-saving, postexposure therapy against anthrax.

3 nthracis spores causes gastrointestinal (GI) anthrax.

4 f Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax.

5 se of 10(4)B. anthracis cells for inhalation anthrax.

6 Bacillus anthracis can cause inhalational anthrax.

7 ll mutant is avirulent in a murine model for anthrax.

8 f Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax.

9 of all common manifestations of the disease anthrax.

10 prominent clinical manifestation of systemic anthrax.

11 n Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax.

12 depletion in a murine model of inhalational anthrax.

13 affected for virulence in a murine model for anthrax.

14 ities may enhance the management of systemic anthrax.

15 herapeutic VNAs and/or diagnostic agents for anthrax.

16 t Bacillus anthracis infection, the agent of anthrax.

17 ere originally submitted for tests to detect anthrax.

18 llus anthracis spores initiates inhalational anthrax, a life-threatening infection.

19 ity of elephants and springbok to mount anti-anthrax adaptive immune responses is still equivocal, ou

20 of bacilli from the thoracic cavity to cause anthrax after inhalation challenge with spores.

21 Bacillus anthracis, the anthrax agent, is a member of the Bacillus cereus sensu

22 Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax and a potential weapon of bioterrorism, grows ra

23 ive bacterium that is the causative agent of anthrax and a potential weapon of bioterrorism.

24 es that target events in the pathogenesis of anthrax and may potentially augment antimicrobials are b

25 , and polio, and biological threats, such as anthrax and plague.

26 nti-protective antigen antibodies to prevent anthrax and suggest that lethal factor is the dominant t

27 masome in cells is triggered by a toxin from anthrax and that it initiates caspase-1 activation and r

28 ich serves as a simulant of B. anthracis (or anthrax) and which possesses a peptidoglycan (sugar)-ric

29 nst Shiga, botulinum, Clostridium difficile, anthrax, and ricin toxins.

30 ith other computation models of inhalational anthrax, and using the resulting information towards ext

31 -linked immunosorbent assays to measure anti-anthrax antibody titres and developed three increasingly

32 k and 3-52% of elephants had measurable anti-anthrax antibody titres, depending on the model used.

33 orrhagic clinical manifestations of systemic anthrax are unlikely to be caused by the direct binding

34 ible human risk assessments for inhalational anthrax associated with exposure to a low number of bact

35 Anthrax-associated shock is closely linked to lethal tox

36 ential adjunctive agents in the treatment of anthrax-associated shock.

37 plays a central role in the pathogenesis of anthrax-associated shock.

38 asive and received a final stimulus when the anthrax attack occurred in the United States in 2001.

39 Japanese religious cult sought to launch an anthrax attack on Tokyo.

40 en a top bioterrorism concern since the 2001 anthrax attacks in the USA.

41 ortant to learn from the lessons of the 2001 anthrax attacks, including the critical role of clinicia

42 determined by testing blood spiked with non-anthrax bacterial isolates or by testing blood samples d

43 of exposure to lethal concentrations of the anthrax bacterium, Bacillus anthracis, for grazing anima

44 e to category BSL 3 and 4 pathogens, such as anthrax, bubonic plague, Ebola and Marburg fever.

45 vity against Gram-positive bacteria, such as anthrax, but also shows activity against selected Gram-n

46 apsule may contribute to the pathogenesis of anthrax by suppressing the responses of immune cells and

47 63), C2IIa, and Ib channels (B components of anthrax, C2, and iota toxins, respectively).

48 h Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, can lead to persistence of lethal secreted toxi

49 ly important sapronoses, such as cholera and anthrax, can sustain an epidemic in a host population.

50 We follow pathogen concentrations at anthrax carcass sites and waterholes for five years and

51 Here we show that the dynamics of an anthrax-causing agent, Bacillus cereus biovar anthracis,

52 ivity, and is selectively active against the anthrax-causing organism.

53 d may be used as a safe oral vaccine against anthrax challenge.

54 easily at high protonation state through the anthrax channel (and the varphi clamp), the initial perm

55 l factor (LF) N-terminal segment through the anthrax channel.

56 Anthrax continues to generate concern as an agent of bio

57 sperm protamine, that effectively inhibited anthrax cytotoxic protease and demonstrated that they al

58 demonstrated that the course of inhalational anthrax disease and the resulting pathology in guinea pi

59 g bacterium Bacillus anthracis causes lethal anthrax disease in humans and animals.

60 pores that upon germination can cause lethal anthrax disease in humans.

61 the course and manifestation of experimental anthrax disease induced under controlled conditions in t

62 Anthrax disease is caused by a toxin consisting of prote

63 significant importance with respect to both anthrax disease progression, spore detection for biodefe

64 on of bas0520, a gene recently implicated in anthrax disease progression.

65 Bacillus anthracis, the etiological agent of anthrax disease, as the model pathogen.

66 Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax disease, is lethal owing to the actions of two e

67 er proteins with known or potential roles in anthrax disease.

68 and lipid mediators in host survival during anthrax disease.

69 e to reassess the mechanisms of inhalational anthrax dissemination, since it is this form of anthrax

70 cellent levels of detection and accuracy for anthrax DNA can be achieved using PNA probes with suitab

71 Despite this, our current knowledge of anthrax ecology is largely limited to arid ecosystems, w

72 alysis by the adenylyl cyclase domain of the anthrax edema factor toxin was simulated using the empir

73 The anthrax edema toxin (ET) of Bacillus anthracis is compos

74 get, mitogen-activated protein kinase 1, and anthrax edema toxin fails to increase intracellular cycl

75 lar, the technique is capable of identifying anthrax endospores inside a sealed paper envelope.

76 tform, particularly for vaccines such as for anthrax, for which rapid induction of protective immunit

77 Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, forms an S-layer atop its peptidoglycan envelop

78 and real-time PCR for diagnosis of cutaneous anthrax from clinical swabs of cutaneous lesions.

79 Biological weapons such as smallpox and anthrax had the potential to cause a national catastroph

80 nes required for Bacillus anthracis to cause anthrax have been acquired recently by horizontal gene t

81 nthracis infections cause maturation of anti-anthrax immunity.

82 such as Bacillus anthracis, causal agent of anthrax in humans and animals.

83 rats, and 24-hour postprophylaxis of inhaled anthrax in mice.

84 d toxins in the pathogenesis of inhalational anthrax in rabbits by comparing infection with the Ames

85 efficacy of medical countermeasures against anthrax in support of licensure under the FDA's "Animal

86 As physicians involved in diagnosing anthrax in the index case and alerting authorities, we o

87 thophysiology, and pathology of inhalational anthrax in this animal model following nose-only aerosol

88 y to confer post-exposure protection against anthrax in vivo.

89 opathologic findings typical of disseminated anthrax included suppurative (heterophilic) inflammation

90 In vivo, we found that 100% of anthrax-infected rabbits survived when treated with cAb2

91 o investigate risk factors in an outbreak of anthrax infection among Scottish heroin users.

92 xtravascular fluid collection characterizing anthrax infection clinically.

93 Furthermore, in a murine anthrax infection model, 15d-PGJ2 reversed anthrax letha

94 r methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and anthrax infection, respectively.

95 nd their roles in initial and late stages of anthrax infection.

96 virulence in a murine model of inhalational anthrax infection.

97 mproved survival of mice in a spore model of anthrax infection.

98 vaccine component and therapeutic target for anthrax infections but also an excellent model system fo

99 rophages are critical for the development of anthrax infections, as spores are thought to use macroph

100 te that zebra in ENP often survive sublethal anthrax infections, encounter most B. anthracis in the w

101 acis, the bacterial pathogen responsible for anthrax infections.

102 to understand events initiating inhalational anthrax infections.

103 els of leak-associated infections, including anthrax, influenza, malaria, and sepsis.

104 ive tool for the analysis of the kinetics of anthrax intoxication and ultimately drug discovery.

105 et spore germination or downstream events in anthrax intoxication are also under investigation.

106 gainst the TEM8 extracellular domain blocked anthrax intoxication, inhibited tumor-induced angiogenes

107 Anthrax is a globally important animal disease and zoono

108 Anthrax is a life-threatening disease caused by infectio

109 over three decades, we show that rainforest anthrax is a persistent and widespread cause of death fo

110 Anthrax is a serious bacterial disease of man and animal

111 Despite the fact that anthrax is an ancient and emerging zoonotic infectious d

112 The rabbit model of inhalational anthrax is an important tool in the assessment of potent

113 The ability of B. anthracis to cause anthrax is attributed to the plasmid-encoded A/B-type to

114 Inhalational anthrax is caused by inhalation of Bacillus anthracis sp

115 Anthrax is caused by the spore-forming, gram-positive ba

116 Inhalational anthrax is caused by the sporulating bacterium Bacillus

117 e clinical laboratory diagnosis of cutaneous anthrax is generally established by conventional microbi

118 Gastrointestinal (GI) anthrax is the most prevalent form of naturally acquired

119 The infectious agent of the disease anthrax is the spore of Bacillus anthracis.

120 major role for toxins in the pathogenesis of anthrax is to enable the organism to overcome innate hos

121 Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, is a potential bioterrorism agent.

122 Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, is a well known bioterrorism agent.

123 GI anthrax led to significant inhibition of immunoglobulins

124 tigen (PA) is essential for the transport of anthrax lethal and edema toxins into human cells.

125 Therefore, we have examined the effects of anthrax lethal and edema toxins on human platelets.

126 an anti-cancer fusion protein consisting of anthrax lethal factor (LF) and the catalytic domain of P

127 Anthrax lethal factor (LF) enters the cytosol through po

128 The metalloproteinase anthrax lethal factor (LF) is secreted by Bacillus anthr

129 ensin RTD-1 is a noncompetitive inhibitor of anthrax lethal factor (LF) protease (IC50 = 390 +/- 20 n

130 They bind protein toxins, such as anthrax lethal factor (LF), and kill bacteria, including

131 ly to its ability to kill S. aureus, inhibit anthrax lethal factor (LF), bind gp120 of HIV-1, dimeriz

132 Certhrax shares 31% sequence identity with anthrax lethal factor from Bacillus anthracis; however,

133 Finally, the pathogen's anthrax lethal factor is required to establish lethal in

134 ication of this platform to detection of the anthrax lethal factor sequence.

135 Like anthrax lethal factor, Certhrax was found to require pro

136 structural similarities and differences with anthrax lethal factor.

137 e 60-fold more toxic to mammalian cells than anthrax lethal factor.

138 crophages pre-exposed to a sublethal dose of anthrax lethal toxin (LeTx) are refractory to subsequent

139 ages expressing a functional NLRP1b prevents anthrax lethal toxin (LeTx)-induced caspase-1 autoproteo

140 his BaPGN-induced response was suppressed by anthrax lethal toxin (LT) and edema toxin (ET), with the

141 ethal owing to the actions of two exotoxins: anthrax lethal toxin (LT) and oedema toxin (ET).

142 The anthrax lethal toxin (LT) enters host cells and enzymati

143 Anthrax lethal toxin (LT) is an A-B type toxin secreted

144 These two proteins combine to form anthrax lethal toxin (LT), whose proximal targets are mi

145 pathology associated with administration of anthrax lethal toxin (LT).

146 We find that anthrax lethal toxin fails to cleave its target, mitogen

147 The immunosuppressive anthrax lethal toxin impairs NK gamma interferon (IFN-ga

148 Engineered tumor-targeted anthrax lethal toxin proteins have been shown to strongl

149 and also reduces the detrimental effects of anthrax lethal toxin, diphtheria toxin, cholera toxin, P

150 omes by their respective activating signals, anthrax lethal toxin, nigericin, and flagellin.

151 screen to identify host factors required for anthrax lethal toxin-induced cell death.

152 provided almost complete protection against anthrax lethal toxin-induced cytotoxicity and death in m

153 provided protection against NLRP1-dependent anthrax lethal toxin-mediated cell death and prevented N

154 e anthrax infection model, 15d-PGJ2 reversed anthrax lethal toxin-mediated NLRP1-dependent resistance

155 th specific antibody prior to treatment with anthrax lethal toxin.

156 th specific antibody prior to challenge with anthrax lethal toxin.

157 d increased the survival of cells exposed to anthrax lethal toxin.

158 ated with the NALP1b inflammasome activator, anthrax lethal toxin.

159 all molecules was screened for inhibitors of anthrax lethal toxin.

160 flammasome activation by either flagellin or anthrax lethal toxin.

161 sufficient to confer macrophage survival to Anthrax lethal toxin.

162 anthracis spores made after one of the 2001 anthrax letter attacks.

163 ion may also protect humans from respiratory anthrax-like death.

164 XO1-like virulence plasmid cause respiratory anthrax-like disease in humans, particularly in welders.

165 As the pathogenesis of B. cereus anthrax-like disease in mice is dependent on pagA1 and P

166 eus G9241 contributes to the pathogenesis of anthrax-like disease in mice.

167 that had been isolated from a fatal case of anthrax-like disease.

168 ver, some recent isolates cause inhalational anthrax-like diseases and death.

169 ereus strains and enable the pathogenesis of anthrax-like diseases.

170 Bacillus cereus G9241, which caused an anthrax-like infection, has two virulence plasmids, pBCX

171 was isolated from a welder suffering from an anthrax-like inhalation illness.

172 We identified Certhrax, the first anthrax-like mART toxin from the pathogenic G9241 strain

173 ilated, instrumented canines challenged with anthrax LT were assigned to no treatment (controls), hem

174 screening patients for meningitis during an anthrax mass casualty incident.

175 re essential for successful management of an anthrax mass casualty incident.

176 d as a 4-item assessment tool for use during anthrax mass casualty incidents.

177 of 363 (36%) cases with systemic anthrax met anthrax meningitis criteria.

178 Anthrax meningitis is a common manifestation of B. anthr

179 r on admission had a sensitivity for finding anthrax meningitis of 89% (83%) in the adult (pediatric)

180 Survival of anthrax meningitis was predicted by treatment with a bac

181 Anthrax meningitis was unlikely in the absence of any of

182 inical diagnostic and prognostic factors for anthrax meningitis.

183 thirty-two of 363 (36%) cases with systemic anthrax met anthrax meningitis criteria.

184 ined from immunized alpacas and screened for anthrax neutralizing activity in macrophage toxicity ass

185 , rather than being solely a lethal disease, anthrax often occurs as a sublethal infection in some su

186 of a model ligand, the protective antigen of anthrax on the gold surface, is monitored in real-time w

187 ch as the Amerithrax incident of 2001 or the anthrax outbreaks in Russia and Sweden in 2016, critical

188 evaluated using lesion swabs from cutaneous anthrax outbreaks, the SETS yielded culture-negative, PC

189 pproach to a particular case-blockage of the anthrax PA(63) channel by a multicharged cyclodextrin de

190 of the Bacillus cereus group, including the anthrax pathogen, contains a 2D-crystalline basal layer,

191 The genes for anthrax pathogenesis are located on two large virulence

192 nea pig, which has been used extensively for anthrax pathogenesis studies and anthrax vaccine potency

193 elegans is a useful infection model to study anthrax pathogenesis.

194 pecificity and efficiency of the re-directed anthrax pore for transport of TccC3 toxin and establishe

195 he sensitive, specific and easy detection of anthrax protective antigen (PA) toxin in picogram concen

196 gh pores in the endosomal membrane formed by anthrax protective antigen.

197 A; mPA) which cannot bind to the two natural anthrax receptors.

198 nc hydrolase that is chiefly responsible for anthrax-related cell death.

199 Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, relies on multiple virulence factors to subvert

200 ow these molecular events lead to death from anthrax remains poorly understood, but published reports

201 Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, replicates as chains of vegetative cells by reg

202 posed that the dissemination of inhalational anthrax required spores to be transported from the lumen

203 augment NK cell function in early stages of anthrax should be further explored in animal models as a

204 JMO-G1, was fully protective against lethal anthrax spore infection in mice as a single dose.

205 Anthrax spores can be aerosolized and dispersed as a bio

206 Through use of the postal service, anthrax spores were widely disseminated, including to ho

207 ted from challenge with 200 LD50 aerosolized anthrax spores.

208 Working in the natural anthrax system of Etosha National Park, Namibia, we coll

209 ly more zebras responding immunologically to anthrax than have previous studies using less comprehens

210 hrax dissemination, since it is this form of anthrax that is most lethal and of greatest concern when

211 f entry for Bacillus anthracis in inhalation anthrax, the deadliest form of the disease.

212 s, our studies show the potential of VNAs as anthrax therapeutics.

213 rming bacterium, is such a pathogen, causing anthrax through a combination of bacterial infection and

214 tive activity against the causative agent of anthrax toxicity.

215 As anthrax toxin (Atx) accesses the cytosol, the purpose of

216 e detection of B. anthracis by using atxA an anthrax toxin activator gene.

217 ate talin-1 are exploited for association of anthrax toxin and its principal receptor, CMG2, with hig

218 The three protein components of anthrax toxin are nontoxic individually, but they form a

219 We investigated the ratchet mechanism using anthrax toxin as a model.

220 encodes a host membrane protein exploited by anthrax toxin as a principal receptor, dramatically alte

221 doing so we targeted a protease component of anthrax toxin as well as host proteases exploited by thi

222 ages and human lymphoblastoid cells affected anthrax toxin binding, internalization, and sensitivity.

223 The protective antigen (PA) moiety of anthrax toxin binds to cellular receptors and mediates t

224 ted by the protective antigen (PA) moiety of anthrax toxin by more than four orders of magnitude, wit

225 We used our method to prepare two different anthrax toxin cargo proteins: one containing an (alpha)t

226 tency in cell assays and protected mice from anthrax toxin challenge with much better efficacy than t

227 ways to the neutralizing activity of an anti-anthrax toxin chimeric mAb.

228 on-antimicrobial drugs with activity against anthrax toxin components; and agents that inhibit bindin

229 The tripartite anthrax toxin consists of protective antigen, lethal fac

230 Protective antigen of anthrax toxin forms a pore through which the two catalyt

231 Anthrax toxin forms one such machine through the self-as

232 regulator AtxA controls transcription of the anthrax toxin genes and capsule biosynthetic operon.

233 ing the protective antigen (PA) component of anthrax toxin genetically fused to a dendritic cell (DC)

234 clonal antibody that effectively neutralizes anthrax toxin in an unknown mechanism.

235 e polypeptide-based polyvalent inhibitors of anthrax toxin in which multiple copies of an inhibitory

236 Anthrax toxin is a tripartite toxin comprised of the pro

237 Anthrax toxin is a tripartite virulence factor produced

238 Anthrax toxin is an intracellularly acting toxin in whic

239 Anthrax toxin is an intracellularly acting toxin where s

240 Anthrax toxin is composed of three proteins, a transloca

241 er as a fusion to the N-terminal fragment of anthrax toxin lethal factor or when naturally delivered

242 We generated anti-anthrax toxin mAbs with specific Fc domain variants with

243 engagement, with minimal protection against anthrax toxin observed in FcgammaR-deficient mice follow

244 l blockers of three binary bacterial toxins: anthrax toxin of Bacillus anthracis, C2 toxin of Clostri

245 molysin pore from Staphylococcus aureus, the anthrax toxin pore and the 1.2-MDa mouse mechanosensitiv

246 ting in a corresponding increase in AtxA and anthrax toxin production.

247 Anthrax toxin protective antigen (PA) delivers its effec

248 Bacillus anthracis structural genes for the anthrax toxin proteins and biosynthetic operon for capsu

249 ure supernatant directly cleaved each of the anthrax toxin proteins as well as an additional secreted

250 The anthrax toxin proteins were secreted from the mutant str

251 Here, we have identified anthrax toxin receptor 1 (ANTXR1) as the receptor for SV

252 The anthrax toxin receptor 1 (ANTXR1) has been identified as

253 this corresponded with the higher levels of anthrax toxin receptor 1 (ANTXR1) in these cells than in

254 r endothelial marker 8 (TEM8), also known as anthrax toxin receptor 1 (ANTXR1), is a highly conserved

255 tasis of other membrane proteins as CFTR and anthrax toxin receptor 2, two poor folders involved in s

256 Here we generated cell-type-specific anthrax toxin receptor capillary morphogenesis protein-2

257 ls would be protected from anthrax toxins if anthrax toxin receptor expression was effectively silenc

258 Thus, anthrax toxin receptor-targeted RNAi has the potential t

259 lular matrix binding protein that is also an anthrax toxin receptor.

260 Thus, anthrax toxin receptors in mouse and human macrophages w

261 nthrax toxins enter cells via two identified anthrax toxin receptors: tumor endothelial marker 8 (TEM

262 nd edema factor, which are the components of anthrax toxin, and other proteins with known or potentia

263 Anthrax toxin, comprising protective antigen, lethal fac

264 Anthrax toxin, comprising three proteins-protective anti

265 Protective antigen (PA), a key component of anthrax toxin, mediates the entry of lethal factor (LF)

266 acis protective antigen (PA), a component of anthrax toxin, results in significantly augmented protec

267 B. cereus strain G9241 expresses anthrax toxin, several polysaccharide capsules, and the

268 nhanced the in vitro and in vivo activity of anthrax toxin-neutralizing antibodies.

269 terium's major virulence factors are (a) the anthrax toxins and (b) an antiphagocytic polyglutamic ca

270 ltaatxA1 mutant produced lower levels of the anthrax toxins and no hyaluronic acid capsule.

271 This review focuses on the activities of anthrax toxins and their roles in initial and late stage

272 ter stages of infection, when high levels of anthrax toxins are present.

273 The anthrax toxins are three polypeptides-protective antigen

274 We also showed that the anthrax toxins did not play a role in persistence.

275 Anthrax toxins enter cells via two identified anthrax to

276 ized that host cells would be protected from anthrax toxins if anthrax toxin receptor expression was

277 This review focuses on the role of anthrax toxins in pathogenesis.

278 be caused by the direct binding and entry of anthrax toxins into human platelets.

279 aracterized a new set of 15 VHHs against the anthrax toxins that act by binding to the edema factor (

280 s with high activity and specificity for the anthrax toxins.

281 inst the protective antigen component of the anthrax toxins.

282 g-targeted pathology would be beneficial for anthrax treatment.

283 Certhrax resides in the mART domain, whereas anthrax uses a metalloprotease mechanism.

284 d as an adjuvant for a candidate vaccine for anthrax using recombinant protective Ag (rPA) from Bacil

285 tant of a nonencapsulated, toxigenic strain (anthrax vaccine absorbed [AVA]) whose primary protective

286 Anthrax vaccine adsorbed (AVA) immunization raised antib

287 healthy subjects following immunization with Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed (AVA).

288 The U.S.-licensed anthrax vaccine is made from an incompletely characteriz

289 nsively for anthrax pathogenesis studies and anthrax vaccine potency testing, is a good candidate for

290 protective Ag of Bacillus anthracis in both anthrax vaccine-adsorbed vaccinees and nonvaccinees with

291 Improving next-generation anthrax vaccines is important to safeguard citizens and

292 sired characteristic of vaccines, especially anthrax vaccines, which must be stockpiled for large-sca

293 (rPA)--the major component of new-generation anthrax vaccines--affects vaccine immunogenicity, we cre

294 entially allowing a prolonged circulation of anthrax virulence factors such as EF during infection.

295 Though we found that adaptive immunity to anthrax wanes rapidly, subsequent and frequent sublethal

296 er understand the pathogenesis of DIC during anthrax, we compared the effects of 24-hour infusions of

297 del appeared to describe rabbit inhalational anthrax well.

298 sks (CR) computational model of inhalational anthrax where data was collected from NZW rabbits expose

299 Bacillus anthracis is the causative agent of anthrax, which is associated with a high mortality rate.

300 enge of guinea pigs resulted in inhalational anthrax with death occurring between 46 and 71 h postcha

301 and requires more aggressive treatment than anthrax without meningitis.