ライフサイエンスコーパス: ape

1 ed jaws and teeth, and little is known about ape cranial evolution.

2 ominin shoulder shape starts with an African ape-like ancestral state.

3 biome was slow and clock-like during African ape diversification, but human microbiomes have deviated

4 A, with proposed models ranging from African ape to orangutan or generalized Miocene ape-like.

5 striatum and absent in the nonhuman African ape neocortex.

6 Ma) is crucial to the elucidation of African ape and human origins, but few fossil assemblages of thi

7 in other scapular traits throughout African ape development are associated with shifts in locomotor

8 African apes harbour at least six Plasmodium species of the subg

9 h recent and extinct AMHs as well as African apes.

10 infected macaques in southeast Asia, African apes harboring Laverania parasites do not seem to serve

11 level, as in most humans and extant African apes.

12 odeficiency viruses (SIVs) infecting African apes.

13 as in most humans, or 13 as in most African apes, and where the position of the thoracolumbar transi

14 ck of knowledge about microbiomes of African apes.

15 we summarize prior disease impact on African apes.

16 fections of wild-living or sanctuary African apes.

17 d simultaneously with humans and the African apes.

18 logenetic position with reference to African apes, humans, and Australopithecus.

19 s (great apes and humans), or hominoids (all apes and humans), which is needed to evaluate numerous p

20 arallel evolution of human-like traits among apes around the time of the chimpanzee-human split.

21 sociated with these rearrangements map to an ape-specific interchromosomal core duplicon that cluster

22 apsin to a nonsense mutation in an ancestral ape, compared substrate preferences of mouse and human m

23 ogenization of the uricase gene in ancestral apes.

24 We inspect human and ape hand-length proportions using phylogenetically infor

25 an lineage, but direct measures of human and ape metabolism are needed to compare evolved energy stra

26 tial evidence suggested that only humans and apes can successfully learn RMTS with pairs of sample an

27 nary history of extant hominoids (humans and apes) remains poorly understood.

28 g meiotic recombination hotspots in mice and apes, but it appears to be absent from other vertebrate

29 Unlike in mice and apes, most hotspots are shared between the two species,

30 The faces of Old World monkeys and apes (Catarrhini) exhibit every possible hue in the spec

31 ressed on the cells of Old World monkeys and apes (including humans) but is expressed in all other ma

32 activated in ancestral Old World monkeys and apes by frameshift single-base deletions forming prematu

33 ect humans and several Old World monkeys and apes.

34 onkeys (OWMs), New World Monkeys (NWMs), and apes, focusing on putatively neutral autosomal sites and

35 Gibbons are small arboreal apes that display an accelerated rate of evolutionary ch

36 ogical reasoning in a nonprimate species, as apes alone have spontaneously exhibited RMTS behavior af

37 tial role of these vectors as bridge between apes and humans.

38 Both apes and children responded like humans typically do.

39 The hominoids, comprising apes and humans, are a group of closely related primates

40 However, none of the human samples contained ape Laverania parasites, including the gorilla precursor

41 onstrate their differential power to discern ape subspecies and populations.

42 egion of the mtDNA genome that distinguishes ape from human Laverania species.

43 Island, Kenya, which directly ties the early ape Proconsul to a widespread, dense, multistoried, clos

44 ested environments in the evolution of early apes.

45 res influencing the diversification of early apes.

46 atitis B virus (HBV) infection in endangered apes, no HBV infection has been reported in small, old-w

47 y hominins differed from that of most extant apes and humans.

48 stem hominoids close to the origin of extant apes, and that hylobatid-like facial features evolved mu

49 differing from the broader torsos of extant apes.

50 and is higher than in most humans or extant apes.

51 s from remote areas of southern Cameroon for ape Laverania infections.

52 far their analysis has been out of reach for ape.

53 the, to our knowledge, most complete fossil ape cranium yet described, recovered from the 13 million

54 arge sample of anthropoids (including fossil apes and hominins) and reconstruct hominoid proximal fem

55 mitive morphology represented by some fossil apes.

56 Here we describe the oldest known fossil 'ape', represented by a partial mandible preserving denta

57 haps caused by a fundamental transition from ape-like individual intentionality to human-like shared

58 For genomic data from apes, SISRS identified thousands of variable sites, from

59 anterior foramen magnum, humans differ from apes in the lateral shift of the carotid foramina, medio

60 Human hands are distinguished from apes by possessing longer thumbs relative to fingers.

61 pseudogenization allowed ancient frugivorous apes to rapidly convert fructose into fat.

62 Gibbon ape leukemia virus (GALV) and koala retrovirus (KoRV) mo

63 Gibbon ape leukemia virus (GALV) and the koala retrovirus (KoRV

64 Gibbon ape leukemia viruses (GALVs) are part of a larger group

65 th tetherin and a viral glycoprotein, gibbon ape leukemia virus envelope (GaLV Env).

66 in-1 variants to promote the modified gibbon ape leukemia virus glycoprotein-pseudotyped lentiviral v

67 glycoproteins and also with modified gibbon ape leukemia virus glycoproteins.

68 The gibbon ape leukemia viruses (GALVs) are among the most medicall

69 sis of X chromosome polymorphism in 10 great ape species, including humans.

70 equence capture and read mapping in 19 great ape males, combining the data with sequences extracted f

71 capacity for vocal fold exercise in a great ape (i) in real-time, (ii) up and down the frequency spe

72 nd interactive vocal fold control in a great ape during an imitation "do-as-I-do" game with a human d

73 Findings about great ape gestures spurred interest in a potential common ance

74 C haplotypes of humans and the African great ape species have one copy of the MHC-A, -B, and -C genes

75 sity of these viruses in seven African great ape taxa, we show that they exhibit very strong host spe

76 l fashion [6-8], replicated across all great ape species in captivity [9-17] and chimpanzees in the w

77 ding to the distance from genes in all great ape taxa.

78 ve not been extensively explored among great ape lineages.

79 we measure nestedness across human and great ape "cultural repertoires" to gain insight into the accu

80 rtant for the antagonism of monkey and great ape BST-2 by simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) Nef.

81 mechanism of antagonism of monkey and great ape BST-2 by Vpu that targets the same motif in BST-2 us

82 aration has never been reported in any great ape species, despite their complex societies and advance

83 apes but also human populations around great ape habitats, bringing health benefits to both humans an

84 HC haplotypes of orangutans, the Asian great ape species, exhibit variation in the number of gene cop

85 ment self-medication in the only Asian great ape, orang-utans (Pongo pygmaeus), and for the first tim

86 cognitive functions characterized both great ape and human cortical organization.

87 Critically, great ape voiceless calls are explicitly rendered unimportant,

88 Current great ape distribution in Africa substantially overlaps with c

89 ons to reconcile economic development, great ape conservation, and avoiding carbon emissions.

90 event to a different time point during great ape evolution.

91 Mountain gorillas are an endangered great ape subspecies and a prominent focus for conservation, y

92 ent with a stem member of the hominid (great ape and human) clade.

93 genetic variation during recent human-great ape evolution, with increases and decreases occurring ov

94 e distribution of genetic diversity in great ape species is likely to have been affected by patterns

95 mine arguably the most complex call in great ape vocal communication, the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes

96 nimal communication systems, including great ape vocalization, where extensive study has produced mea

97 indicate that both hominin and modern great ape femora evolved in different directions from a primit

98 rmation for human disease in a natural great ape setting and have potential conservation implications

99 Rs in a panel of 83 human and nonhuman great ape genomes, in a total of six different species, and st

100 es for an EBV-like virus in a nonhuman great ape.

101 oing diversification and adaptation of great ape and Old World monkey lineages.

102 ed the evolutionary differentiation of great ape gut bacterial communities.

103 ortantly, 39.9% of the distribution of great ape species on unprotected lands overlaps with suitable

104 f these models to genome alignments of great ape species.

105 behavior, and genetics, and aspects of great ape taxonomy remain in flux.

106 y our ancestors, rather than any other great ape, evolved into a hyper-cooperative niche.

107 We analyzed 97 deeply sequenced great ape and human genomes and estimate 16% (469 Mb) of the h

108 We analyzed 83 fully sequenced great ape genomes for mobile element insertions, predicting a

109 ross anthropoid primates and find that great ape and human prefrontal cortex expansion are non-allome

110 mental factors on the evolution of the great ape gut microbiota, we assayed the gut communities of sy

111 e factors that may have contributed to great ape evolution.

112 Great apes are highly social and endangered animals that have

113 Great apes frequently produce gestures during social interacti

114 w that a similar U-shape exists in 508 great apes (two samples of chimpanzees and one sample of orang

115 of malaria parasites infecting African great apes (subgenus Laverania) and their strong host specific

116 verania subgenus which infects African great apes.

117 d their closest relatives, the African great apes.

118 for relative enlargement shared by all great apes, seem to be mistaken.

119 Although great apes share with humans many social-cognitive skills, the

120 Weaning practices differ among great apes and likely diverged during the course of human evol

121 hancing properties are conserved among great apes, suggesting an evolutionarily conserved function.

122 counteract bacterial iron piracy among great apes.

123 eys (clade A) or Old World monkeys and great apes (clades B and C).

124 sertions-based phylogeny of humans and great apes and demonstrate their differential power to discern

125 per divergence estimates of humans and great apes based on lower mutation rates of ~0.5 x 10(-9) per

126 The results indicate that humans and great apes differ from monkeys in having a preponderance of mu

127 lyzing 65 GP sequences from humans and great apes over diverse locations across epidemic waves betwee

128 tressed others is common in humans and great apes, yet our ability to explore the biological mechanis

129 hylogeny between Old World monkeys and great apes.

130 receptors is restricted to humans and great apes.

131 ngutans (genus: Pongo), the only Asian great apes and phylogenetically our most distant relatives amo

132 and stapes resemble African and Asian great apes more closely.

133 , indicating codiversification between great apes and their gut microbiota over evolutionary timescal

134 To test this, we compared great apes and 3-year-old humans' relational reasoning on the

135 ehavioral distinction from both extant great apes and the last common ancestor that we shared with gr

136 h femoral shape similarities in extant great apes being derived and homoplastic and has profound impl

137 milarly aged juvenile skulls of extant great apes reveals no features suggesting clear affinities to

138 ty of P. vivax parasites isolated from great apes in Africa and compare it to parasites isolated from

139 he human lineage after divergence from great apes.

140 could be used to vaccinate habituated great apes but also human populations around great ape habitat

141 ) of humans and chimpanzees, hominids (great apes and humans), or hominoids (all apes and humans), wh

142 of hylobatids (gibbons) and hominids (great apes and humans).

143 togenesis have likely had in hominids (great apes), considering a model that approximates features of

144 Six extant species of non-human great apes are currently recognized: Sumatran and Bornean oran

145 loops of the basal ganglia of humans, great apes, and monkeys.

146 five basal ganglia regions in humans, great apes, and New and Old World monkeys.

147 much greater than observed in humans, great apes, and the neo-X chromosome of Drosophila miranda, wh

148 ionship between this P. vivax clade in great apes and the human isolates is discussed.

149 criticism of research on foresight in great apes is misguided.

150 obe (often including Heschl's gyrus in great apes) and the posterior dorsal insula, such that a porti

151 have examined AD-related pathology in great apes, which are the closest phylogenetic relatives of hu

152 ctive potential for self-medication in great apes.

153 and observed undescribed variation in great apes.

154 May great apes be this reservoir?

155 ent is estimated to lie at the root of great apes ( approximately 19-15 mya), indicating that selecti

156 ure originated in a common ancestor of great apes and humans, long before the advent of modern humans

157 ral differences between the genomes of great apes and macaque.

158 e P. vivax sequences from parasites of great apes form a clade genetically distinct from the parasite

159 infants) to show that three species of great apes reliably look in anticipation of an agent acting on

160 is generally considered a motivator of great apes' (including humans) violent intergroup conflict, bu

161 in high concentrations in the serum of great apes, and even higher in some diseases, before the appea

162 se and has restructured the genomes of great apes.

163 ompare simulated sex ratios to data on great apes and human hunter-gatherers, and note associations b

164 but was seen less frequently in other great apes and was never found in humans.

165 n neocortex differs from that of other great apes in several notable regards, including altered cell

166 genomic diversity in humans and other great apes is notoriously difficult.

167 humans, but not in chimpanzees, other great apes, or australopithecines.

168 nce from the dietary patterns of other great apes.

169 in comparison to chimpanzees and other great apes.

170 city of data from more closely related great apes leaves unresolved when these evolutionary changes i

171 ct of oil palm development on Africa's great apes.

172 nded to 15 species/subspecies spanning great apes, old world monkeys, new world monkeys and prosimian

173 Our results suggest that great apes also operate, at least on an implicit level, with a

174 Evidence suggests that great apes engage in metacognitive information seeking for foo

175 Humans and the great apes are the only species demonstrated to exhibit adrena

176 But because the great apes examined to date represent geographically isolated

177 evidence for self-medication among the great apes has been limited to Africa.

178 ultures and cultural capacities of the great apes have played a leading role in the recognition emerg

179 Whole-genome assemblies for the great apes provide remarkable new information about the evolut

180 bination is specifically active in the great apes, which is correlated with architectural differences

181 highlights a derived feature of these great apes.

182 gestures have only been attributed to great apes and, most recently, ravens.

183 that the relational gap is not due to great apes' preference for concrete objects.

184 ariation in large samples of unrelated great apes.

185 Habituation of wild great apes for tourism and research has had a significant posi

186 n of human respiratory viruses to wild great apes, causing high morbidity and, occasionally, mortalit

187 ealth benefits to both humans and wild great apes.

188 n made in recent years, including with great apes, which have traditionally been neglected in experim

189 neural control is already shared with great apes.

190 ransposition in macaques compared with great apes.

191 st common ancestor that we shared with great apes.

192 The gut microbial communities within great apes have been shown to reflect the phylogenetic history

193 ion from an equilibrium representing a great-ape-like average adult lifespan in the lower twenties to

194 ly-stable equilibria, corresponding to great-ape-like and human-like lifespans.

195 hecoidea (Old World monkeys) and Hominoidea (apes), implying long ghost lineages for both clades.

196 two groups of extant catarrhines-hominoids (apes and humans) and Old World monkeys-and are thus view

197 tes into split times among extant hominoids (apes), given sex-specific life histories.

198 features evolved independently in hominoids (apes) and cercopithecoids and much earlier in the former

199 Tested in two conditions, zoo-housed apes (2 gorillas, 5 chimpanzees) were familiarized to vi

200 age, but appears to be lacking in non-human apes.

201 HIV-1, HIV-2, and SIV Nefs counteract human, ape, monkey, and murine SERINC5 orthologs with similar p

202 Catarrhine (humans, apes, and Old World monkeys) and platyrrhine (New World

203 fts expressing alpha-gal epitopes in humans, apes, and Old World monkeys.

204 Because of this gene inactivation, humans, apes, and Old World monkeys lack alpha-gal epitopes and

205 pportunities for social learning in immature apes.

206 e role played by small-bodied catarrhines in ape evolution and provides key insight into the last com

207 n a lack of evidence for semantic content in ape gestures.

208 own about the role of affective processes in ape decision-making.

209 se for both locomotion and prehension (as in apes) to a predominantly prehensile and manipulative rol

210 ineage and independent structural changes in apes.

211 of social context on attention and memory in apes.

212 ed so markedly in humans, and so modestly in apes.

213 a infecting mammalian hosts, particularly in apes, ungulates, and bats.

214 subtype B strain similar to that present in apes from the same area.

215 on consistent proportional relationships in apes and humans.

216 "acquisition of species-atypical sounds" in apes without any discussion.

217 umber of neurons in the amygdala, whereas in apes the basal nucleus contained the highest number of n

218 this fusion in 56 primate species (including apes, Old World monkeys, New World monkeys, and strepsir

219 essed by raters familiar with the individual apes.

220 Pinnipeds are notable for their large, ape-sized brains, yet little is known about their centra

221 mans are distinguished from the other living apes in having larger brains and an unusual life history

222 ages: occurring at least once in marsupials, apes, and cattle, and at least twice in rodents and marm

223 ican ape to orangutan or generalized Miocene ape-like.

224 in Pakistan, assigned to the Middle Miocene ape species Sivapithecus indicus.

225 Orrorin appears intermediate between Miocene apes and australopiths in shape space.

226 chanter) are also present in earlier Miocene apes.

227 sample of fossil primates including Miocene apes from Africa, Europe, and Asia to test alternative h

228 both more diversity among Asian Late Miocene apes and more complex patterns of dispersal than previou

229 Although nonhuman apes have complex repertoires of emotional expression, l

230 that are shared between humans and nonhuman apes, whereas there is little evidence that other apes e

231 Tool use in nonhuman apes can help identify the conditions that drove the ext

232 In addition, comparative studies of nonhuman apes also highlight important differences between these

233 mans show greater object focus than nonhuman apes.

234 Our results indicate that nonhuman apes are motivated to engage in triadic activities if th

235 Comparisons with nonhuman apes point to our early-emerging cooperative-communicati

236 Here, we generated a 3D morphospace of ape and human scapular shape to plot evolutionary trajec

237 We apply our algorithm to two clades of apes and flies to characterize possible sources of infea

238 at promise as a tool for the conservation of apes and other endangered tropical wildlife.

239 id size increase throughout the evolution of apes, including humans, expanding significantly faster t

240 monstrating an almost complete extinction of apes in the late Miocene and failure of Old World monkey

241 The lineage of apes and humans (Hominoidea) evolved and radiated across

242 been characterized in only a small number of apes and no publication to date has examined the degree

243 t monkeys than to the orthograde patterns of apes.

244 2) = 0.5) and recapitulates the phylogeny of apes with few exceptions.

245 These finds extend the fossil record of apes and Old World monkeys well into the Oligocene epoch

246 are already present in the 17- to 18-Myr-old ape Proconsul these features evolved independently in ho

247 n Africa to minimize the negative effects on apes and other wildlife.

248 Further, similar to recent results in other ape species, but in contrast to many human self-reported

249 As a result, humans and other apes deviated significantly from the general evolutionar

250 n and evolution of dance in humans and other apes.

251 etween humans and other primates--even other apes.

252 If other apes share this focus on concrete objects, it could unde

253 whereas there is little evidence that other apes exhibit comparable capacities for distributing bene

254 opment of social and emotional skills in our ape relatives and the importance of the mother-offspring

255 s of these resurrected enzymes show that our ape ancestors gained a digestive dehydrogenase enzyme ca

256 of non-human primate species, in particular apes.

257 fe, including fossils like the plesiomorphic ape Proconsul heseloni and the hominins Ardipithecus ram

258 y hominin species are believed to show rapid ape-like patterns of development, implying that a prolon

259 rgest arboreal mammal, and images of the red ape moving through the tropical forest canopy symbolise

260 ncy and the SIV prevalence in the respective ape and monkey species.

261 earliest hominins were bipedal but retained ape-like features in the hind limb that would have limit

262 rior insula was present in 22 species (seven apes, two Old World monkeys, four New World monkeys, and

263 alian cells, worms, flies, rodents, simians, apes, and even humans, all indicate declining adaptive h

264 However, this simple ape-human dichotomy fails to provide an adequate framewo

265 thus viewed as more primitive than the stem ape Proconsul.

266 several traits characteristic of suspensory apes, as do the few known fragmentary adult australopith

267 Sequence analyses reveal that ape parasites lack host specificity and are much more di

268 These results indicate that apes do exhibit emotional responses to decision-making,

269 particular interest is the observation that apes, including humans, cannot oxidize uric acid, and it

270 Results show that apes engaged in more information seeking when they had n

271 and synteny in Plasmodium gaboni, one of the ape Laverania species most distantly related to P. falci

272 geiger v2.0 depends on the ape package.

273 ns of SIVcpz and SIVgor, which represent the ape precursors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (H

274 which form a monophyletic lineage within the ape parasite radiation.

275 The apes successfully adapted their decisions to the social

276 een documented in our closest relatives, the apes.

277 ly believes an object to be, even though the apes themselves know that the object is no longer there.

278 re notable for many reasons, including their ape-sized brains, their adaptation to a coastal niche th

279 ultural phenomena pervade the lives of these apes, with potentially major implications for their broa

280 r reconstructing positional behavior of this ape.

281 Relative to apes, capuchins devote more of their innovations reperto

282 collaborative abilities are not specific to apes and may be more closely linked to ecological need [

283 om the hominoid-NWM ancestor to NWMs than to apes.

284 a domain-general cognitive process underlies ape metacognition one needs to show that selective infor

285 According to one authoritative view, ape gestures thus do not have any specific referential,

286 l and risk preferences, and assessed whether apes show emotional and motivational responses in decisi

287 ude of this reservoir, it is unknown whether apes represent a source of human infections.

288 tential as weapons in the fight against wild ape extinction.

289 siderations for their use in humans and wild apes.

290 is to quantify contact heterogeneity in wild apes, with applications for predicting community-wide in

291 Individual wild apes cultivate more phyla, classes, orders, families, ge

292 additionally been documented to infect wild apes and several, primarily captive, Old World monkey (O

293 Relative to the microbiomes of wild apes, human microbiomes have lost ancestral microbial di

294 d to test a vaccine intended for use on wild apes rather than humans.

295 y in two forest regions of Gabon, where wild apes live, at different heights under the canopy.

296 humans that may come into contact with wild apes, and the availability of vaccines against potential

297 pecies of Anopheles were found infected with ape Plasmodium: Anopheles vinckei, Anopheles moucheti, a

298 Cognition, 50, 347-362) with apes, to learn if our subjects could succeed on this tas

299 n morality, both phylogenetic (research with apes) and ontogenetic (research with children).

300 Within apes, rates are approximately 2% higher in chimpanzees a