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1 uatic ecosystems and declining abundances of apex predators.
2 periods, are generally thought to have been apex predators.
3 entral and important factor to protect these apex predators.
4 shifts in the food web, from its base up to apex predators.
5 Late Cretaceous) have been characterized as apex predators [2-5], whereas members of the distantly r
6 hting the fences used to contain fish as the apex predator; a cutthroat trout from the experiment, th
7 ing affect phytoplankton, zooplankton and an apex predator along the West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP).
9 n ancestor of core landbirds to have been an apex predator and confirm independent gains of vocal lea
10 y structure to the same extent as loss of an apex predator and even to a greater extent than loss of
11 ous" felids are recognized for their role as apex predators and hence as key elements in food webs an
12 an important role in the ocean ecosystem as apex predators and nutrient distributors, as well as evo
13 (LMH), while much less studied than those of apex predators, are increasingly recognized to exert pow
14 Y/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We satellite-tagged an apex predator (bull sharks, Carcharhinus leucas) and a s
15 tioned from small-bodied hunters to gigantic apex predators but from which no diagnostic specimens ar
17 We contend that trophic cascades induced by apex predator extirpation may be an overlooked driver of
18 changes on hapuku (Polyprion oxygeneios), an apex predator found in continental slope habitats (>200
19 ecosystems until a faunal turnover redefined apex predator guild occupancy during the final 20 millio
20 pture (CR) modeling techniques used to study apex predators has also limited robust temporal and cros
21 contributed to the success of moray eels as apex predators hunting within the complex matrix of cora
23 ng Tyrannosaurus and Albertosaurus--were the apex predators in continental ecosystems in Asia and Nor
28 y large-bodied vertebrates, especially large apex predators, maintain their associated ecosystems thr
29 with terrestrial ecosystems, where the first apex predators may not have evolved before the Carnian.
31 than their iconic representation as gigantic apex predators of Mesozoic marine ecosystems suggests.
32 ss is known about the relative importance of apex predators on coastal vegetated ecosystems because m
33 yndrome in the juvenile-stages of a solitary apex predator (pike, Esox lucius), shown as repeatable f
34 ral rabbit populations and in two endangered apex predator populations: the Iberian lynx (Lynx pardin
38 on of which is prevalent in the Arctic where apex predators such as polar bears (Ursus maritimus) can
39 es in mammals within ENP and that introduced apex predators, such as giant constrictors, can exert si
41 demographic and ecological data for a marine apex predator, the broadnose sevengill shark Notorynchus
42 movement data from electronic tagging of an apex predator, the great white shark Carcharodon carchar
43 We measured POPs in eggs and plasma of an apex predator, the osprey (Pandion haliaetus) breeding i
45 vides evidence linking the suppression of an apex predator to the historic encroachment of shrubs.
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