ライフサイエンスコーパス: apparent diffusion coefficient

1 logic parameters T1, T2, proton density, and apparent diffusion coefficient.

2 g by measuring fractional anisotropy and the apparent diffusion coefficient.

3 rahippocampal distribution of T2 signal, and apparent diffusion coefficients.

4 howed high signal intensity (mean normalized apparent diffusion coefficient, 0.16 +/- 0.05; P < .0001

5 showed low signal intensity (mean normalized apparent diffusion coefficient, 0.46 +/- 0.20 [1 standar

6 ory pressure and surfactant reduced the mean apparent diffusion coefficient (~23%, p < 0.001), and it

7 and produced a concomitant increase in mean apparent diffusion coefficient (~33%, p < 0.001) vs. bas

8 st in regions experiencing no reversal (mean apparent diffusion coefficient, 608 microm(2)/sec), inte

9 ctional MR response (25% or more increase in apparent diffusion coefficient, 65% or more decrease in

10 Apparent diffusion coefficient, a surrogate for average

11 Apparent diffusion coefficient ( ADC apparent diffusion

12 ount of diffusion-restricted tumor tissue on apparent diffusion coefficient ( ADC apparent diffusion

13 ging can non-invasively quantify the average apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC(av)), a measure of w

14 n the training data set were 23% increase in apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and 65% decrease in

15 to provide volumetric functional analysis of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and contrast-enhanc

16 Maps of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and diffusional kur

17 ration of the bound proton signal (T(1sat)), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and susceptibility-

18 prostate cancer aggressiveness by combining apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and T2-weighted (T2

19 patients with cerebral ischemia and assessed apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and T2-weighted ima

20 egions of interest were drawn to compare the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and the anisotropy

21 hysema was estimated by using the MR imaging apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and the relative ar

22 The mean global apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and the relative pe

23 authors performed tractography and measured apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and tract length an

24 al deposit-were outlined by a radiologist on apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and vascular signal

25 ing the Fazekas scale, and evaluation of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) as a prognostic fac

26 rpose To evaluate the relative change of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) at low- and medium-

27 suspicious lesion was performed by using the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) calculated from the

28 Two apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) cutoff values were

29 of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) positive/apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) dark lesions on acu

30 Quantitatively, inner retinal apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) decreased approxima

31 Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) differences between

32 a group had significantly less of a nadir in apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) during H-I (71.6 +/

33 Purpose To assess the repeatability of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) estimates in extrac

34 wice to assess repeatability of quantitative apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) estimates.

35 to correlate these metrics with baseline MRI apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) histogram metrics,

36 evaluation of fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in several white ma

37 valuate the utility of histogram analysis of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in the diagnosis of

38 Estimates of T2, spin density, and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in the region of st

39 1 day after starting therapy, the changes of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in tumor regions fo

40 Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) is a potential quan

41 The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) is a quantitative p

42 The approach is based on apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) mapping as well as

43 R) fingerprinting-based T1, T2, and standard apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) mapping for multipa

44 g diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), we created apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps and conducted

45 on PET/MRI based on (11)C-choline PET/CT and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps derived from d

46 Serial (18)F-FDG PET and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps derived from D

47 MR images and on T2-weighted MR images plus apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps generated from

48 Regions of interest were drawn on apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps in enhancing t

49 Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps were construct

50 DWI and calculated apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps were serially

51 nt [K(trans)]) and a low signal intensity on apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps were significa

52 ho-planar diffusion-weighted imaging-derived apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps with fat-satur

53 The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measured by DW-MRI

54 d elevated relative CBV and reduced relative apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements compar

55 of region of interest (ROI) positioning for apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements on the

56 s how sensitive Haralick texture features of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) MR images are to ch

57 using only acute cerebral blood flow (CBF), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) MRI data.

58 tumors and nontumoral peripheral zone (PZ): apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) obtained with monoe

59 The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of (3)He at 1 secon

60 measures of peripheral airspace dimensions: apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of (3)He at FRC (n

61 Since the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of a tumour's water

62 contrast agent between 4.5 and 5 hr, and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of brain water fell

63 researchers independently measured the mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of each lymph node.

64 and emphysematous rat lungs by measuring the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of hyperpolarized (

65 rpose To prospectively determine whether the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of the cervix is as

66 Fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of the median nerve

67 or each spectroscopic voxel, 25th percentile apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of the region corre

68 Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of the thymic epith

69 lularity using diffusion-weighted MRI of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of tissue water.

70 15-minute intervals, evaluated by continuous apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of water mapping, d

71 ize the initial and secondary changes of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of water with high

72 Changes in the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) on a per-lesion bas

73 n our rabbit model of CP, the MRI biomarker, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) on diffusion-weight

74 d on simplistic mathematical models, such as apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) or intravoxel incoh

75 gion presented as increased T2 and increased apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) signal.

76 iteria were used to determine distinguishing apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) thresholds.

77 oxel incoherent motion (IVIM) parameters and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) to assess response

78 of crystalline KCl through a mapping of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) using diffusion-wei

79 The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value of the thyroi

80 The 10th percentile average apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value, average ADC

81 ighted, and DWI (b = 1000 sec/mm(2)) images, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values and quotient

82 role of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values at 3 Tesla i

83 Prospective comparisons of isotropic apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values at five anat

84 g and Data System (BI-RADS) and assessed for apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values by two reade

85 ty of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) using Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) values in discrimin

86 tigate whether variability in reported renal apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in literatur

87 Purpose To compare lobar ventilation and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values obtained wit

88 Our aim was to compare the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of normal ab

89 An increase in apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of responder

90 ium (Gd-EOB-DTPA) on T2 relaxation times and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of the liver

91 ocol that allowed calculation of T1, T2, and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values was applied

92 Tumor apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were acquire

93 formed on days 0, 3, and 7, and intratumoral apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were measure

94 Fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were obtaine

95 Tumor size, enhancement, and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were recorde

96 The 10th percentile and average apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values, T2-weighted

97 Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) was calculated in f

98 2-weighted MR imaging was performed, and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) was determined by D

99 Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) was measured for FL

100 TSC and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were calculated and

101 Fractional anisotropy (FA) and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were calculated, as

102 The fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were determined for

103 cient [D], and perfusion-related D [D*]) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were extracted for

104 nd 24 h after MCA occlusion, and maps of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were generated.

105 Fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were measured from

106 of the complex shear modulus (|G*|) and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were measured in th

107 rements of cerebral blood flow (CBF) and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were performed.

108 Purpose To determine whether regions of low apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) with high relative

109 nges in volume of bone metastases and median apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) with response to tr

110 rate, washout rate, time to peak (TTP), mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), 10th percentile of

111 The anisotropy, trace apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and eigenvalues of

112 Volume, mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and mean fractiona

113 o generate ventilation defect percent (VDP), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and PRM gas trappi

114 s, worst-curve delayed enhancement kinetics, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), contrast-to-noise

115 ater molecules measured with DWI, termed the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), decreases within t

116 After cartilage segmentation, maps of mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), fractional anisotr

117 nder-matched controls underwent 3-T MRI with apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), fractional anisotr

118 oefficients (lambda1, lambda2, and lambda3), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), fractional anisotr

119 signal intensity (SI) on T2-weighted images, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), PET maximum standa

120 Parameters of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), slow diffusion coe

121 The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), the contrast agent

122 Results Quantitative T2, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), volume transfer co

123 ast parenchyma to investigate differences in apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC).

124 Parametric maps were obtained for apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC); the metric DK (K),

125 Apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) were calculated fr

126 t analysis were used to evaluate structural (apparent diffusion coefficient [ADC] and basal cerebral

127 ted imaging, diffusion-weighted [DW] imaging apparent diffusion coefficient [ADC] maps [b < 1000 sec/

128 aging to assess cerebral water distribution (apparent diffusion coefficient [ADC] values) and cerebra

129 We used diffusion-weighted MR imaging (apparent diffusion coefficient [ADC]) and PET with the a

130 Parameters of diffusion-weighted (apparent diffusion coefficient [ADC]), susceptibility-we

131 IVIM (apparent diffusion coefficient [ADC], tissue diffusivity

132 t was assessed, and quantitative parameters (apparent diffusion coefficient [ADC], volume transfer co

133 ST) and diffusion-weighted imaging criteria (apparent diffusion coefficient, ADC) measurements were o

134 o correlate the acute changes of the average apparent diffusion coefficient (ADCav) with the histolog

135 The IVIM-derived apparent diffusion coefficient (ADCIVIM) value at time p

136 Apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) and enhancement r

137 The differences in the apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) and the thickness

138 Averaged apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) for both whole tu

139 Apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) from DW imaging (

140 Lower apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) have been reporte

141 Purpose To assess the diagnostic value of apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) in spontaneous in

142 The apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) of HCC and thromb

143 Purpose To evaluate the apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) of magnetic reson

144 In vivo transverse and longitudinal apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) of the optic and

145 T and diffusion restriction as determined by apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) on MRI were analy

146 4.Computed traces of the apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) showed negative d

147 reatment, and CE was assessed by determining apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) using MR diffusio

148 Apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) were calculated f

149 The apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) were evaluated fo

150 T1, T2, T2*, and apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) were measured at

151 Apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) were measured in

152 Apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) were measured on

153 haracterized with use of CE MR criteria, and apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) were measured.

154 Apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) were obtained by

155 Apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) were significantl

156 Total apparent diffusion coefficient (ADCT) values were determ

157 but statistically nonsignificant increase in apparent diffusion coefficient after IC1.

158 This method can also report the apparent diffusion coefficient and absolute concentratio

159 This method can also report the apparent diffusion coefficient and absolute concentratio

160 The trace of the apparent diffusion coefficient and fractional anisotropy

161 The trace of the apparent diffusion coefficient and fractional anisotropy

162 ehensive MR imaging protocol used to measure apparent diffusion coefficient and perfusion parameters

163 ptical imaging show substantial decreases in apparent diffusion coefficients and fluorescent signals

164 Cerebral diffusion was quantified by the Apparent Diffusion Coefficient, and analysed by voxel-wi

165 measurements of fractional anisotropy (FA), apparent diffusion coefficient, and axial and radial (D(

166 ke and diffusion were measured using SUV and apparent diffusion coefficient, and correlation was test

167 intensities, T2 relaxation times, normalized apparent diffusion coefficients, and relative signal int

168 The apparent diffusion coefficient appeared to be the most d

169 eversibly oxidized electrochemically with an apparent diffusion coefficient approximately 1 x 10(-11)

170 Normalized apparent diffusion coefficients are more accurate in dif

171 We estimate apparent diffusion coefficients at least two orders of m

172 ad a weaker independent association with the apparent diffusion coefficient (beta = -0.3, P = .02, R(

173 contrast results from a 2-fold difference in apparent diffusion coefficient between benign and malign

174 s, impulsivity was associated with increased apparent diffusion coefficient bilaterally in the orbito

175 ntification of tumor volumes, volume ratios, apparent diffusion coefficients, cerebral blood flow, ce

176 Apparent diffusion coefficients consistently decreased i

177 The apparent diffusion coefficient (D) and uptake rate (k) f

178 rent, the half-wave potential, E1/2, and the apparent diffusion coefficient (D) were evaluated for ea

179 on of released Ca2+ was slower transversely (apparent diffusion coefficient, D, 7.9 microns 2 s-1) th

180 ization algorithms returned estimates of the apparent diffusion coefficients, D(r,t), that were very

181 The apparent diffusion coefficient, Da, of GFP in E. coli DH

182 The apparent diffusion coefficient (Dapp) of the brain water

183 When ATP synthesis is inhibited, the apparent diffusion coefficient decreases, whereas the su

184 Trace apparent diffusion coefficients did not significantly di

185 RyR2 exhibited an apparent diffusion coefficient (DRyR) of 1.2 x 10(-8) cm

186 Material/Diffusion-weighted images/apparent diffusion coefficient (DWI/ADC) images of 86 ly

187 ze of particles decreased the following: the apparent diffusion coefficient excluding Sephadex, bound

188 ing the equations for diffusion, assuming an apparent diffusion coefficient for H(+) ions (D(H)(app))

189 The apparent diffusion coefficients for acetylcholine and ch

190 The apparent diffusion coefficients for the redox lipids in

191 In the nucleoplasm, the apparent diffusion coefficients for the three molecules

192 The tract-based apparent diffusion coefficient, fractional anistropy, te

193 eloped a new visualization tool in which the apparent diffusion coefficients from DO spectra are proj

194 diffusion volume (tDV) and associated global apparent diffusion coefficient (gADC); and demonstrate t

195 holine, and creatine values and of isotropic apparent diffusion coefficient (IADC) and fractional ani

196 ion to the diffusion equation to estimate an apparent diffusion coefficient in brain tissue (D(b)(34

197 erformance on rational choice with increased apparent diffusion coefficient in the bilateral dorsolat

198 e laterality index, was linked to the T2 and apparent diffusion coefficient in the ipsilesional contr

199 ate; abnormal risk adjustment with increased apparent diffusion coefficient in the right thalamus and

200 size and/or morphology] vs quantitative [eg, apparent diffusion coefficients in diffusion-weighted im

201 esonance diffusion-weighted imaging regional apparent diffusion coefficients in the brainstem, basal

202 e could identify 3 main T 2 components and 3 apparent diffusion coefficients; in human prostate 5 mai

203 Their apparent diffusion coefficient is enhanced up to 100% co

204 Mean apparent diffusion coefficient lesion volume decreased f

205 Within the presenting apparent diffusion coefficient lesion, intracellular pH

206 Diffusion weighted image (DWI) and apparent diffusion coefficient map studies exhibited exp

207 less than 4 minutes yielded high-quality ADC apparent diffusion coefficient maps and high-spatial-res

208 n volume and brain edema were estimated from apparent diffusion coefficient maps and T2-weighted imag

209 th corresponding low signal intensity on the apparent diffusion coefficient maps representing cytotox

210 Apparent diffusion coefficient maps revealed that at lea

211 Apparent diffusion coefficient maps were acquired before

212 ssue on apparent diffusion coefficient ( ADC apparent diffusion coefficient ) maps were expressed as

213 ts kn and ke-from the time dependency of the apparent diffusion coefficient measured by QLS.

214 As a consequence, apparent diffusion coefficients measured by capillary zo

215 gnetic resonance imaging and measurements of apparent diffusion coefficient (n = 11 rats per group);

216 measuring the shear modulus rather than the apparent diffusion coefficient (Obuchowski measures, 0.8

217 the length of the rod outer segment, with an apparent diffusion coefficient of 0.07 +/- 0.01 micro m(

218 by movement of Na+ from the cut end with an apparent diffusion coefficient of 1.3 x 10(-5) cm2 s-1.

219 terally in the disk membrane bilayer with an apparent diffusion coefficient of 2.5 +/- 0.3 micro m(2)

220 data to a modified Cottrell equation gave an apparent diffusion coefficient of 7.55 (+/-0.05) x 10(-1

221 ile, undergoing random walk motility with an apparent diffusion coefficient of approximately 0.095 mu

222 ased plasma glucose levels on changes in the apparent diffusion coefficient of brain water (ADCw) dur

223 asured near the cell surface is due to a low apparent diffusion coefficient of catecholamines near th

224 ge protein complexes, produces a fall in the apparent diffusion coefficient of CheYp and enhances the

225 The apparent diffusion coefficient of E. coli SSB thus deter

226 r, we report noninvasive measurements of the apparent diffusion coefficient of green fluorescent prot

227 e dimensions were estimated by measuring the apparent diffusion coefficient of He, using diffusion-we

228 The apparent diffusion coefficient of L. monocytogenes was t

229 By contrast, the apparent diffusion coefficient of N-acetylaspartate (NAA

230 Greater abnormality of both MTR and the apparent diffusion coefficient of NAA correlated with mo

231 The apparent diffusion coefficient of NAA did not differ fro

232 e constant of fluorescence recovery with the apparent diffusion coefficient of the fluorescent molecu

233 The effects of mild hypothermia on the apparent diffusion coefficient of water (ADC) and expres

234 Early reductions in the apparent diffusion coefficient of water (ADC) during foc

235 of these phenomena cause a reduction in the apparent diffusion coefficient of water (ADC), which can

236 ions exhibiting a transient reduction in the apparent diffusion coefficient of water (ADC).

237 In both groups, the apparent diffusion coefficient of water (ADCw) and cereb

238 hyperglycemia on the acute decline of brain apparent diffusion coefficient of water (ADCw) following

239 reased NAA and creatine levels and increased apparent diffusion coefficient of water were found in th

240 The apparent diffusion coefficients of FX((a)) in fibrin and

241 The residue-specific time dependence of apparent diffusion coefficients of monomer and trimer pe

242 Fractional anisotropy and trace apparent diffusion coefficients of prefrontal and poster

243 s demonstrated by aqueous-like values of the apparent diffusion coefficients of Ru(NH3)6(3)+ and dopa

244 ts can be reduced or eliminated by measuring apparent diffusion coefficients of the DNA at several di

245 The apparent diffusion coefficients of the kinetic intermedi

246 The apparent diffusion coefficients of these sites within PE

247 The intraaxonal apparent diffusion coefficients of water parallel (longi

248 ificant age-related decrease was observed in apparent diffusion coefficient (P < .001 for both), axia

249 -FDG uptake, there was a suggestion of lower apparent diffusion coefficient (P = 0.061) and decreased

250 ormalized relative cerebral blood volume and apparent diffusion coefficient) parameters.

251 ADC apparent diffusion coefficient quantification alone enab

252 For maximum reliability in renal apparent diffusion coefficient quantification, data for

253 hted imaging, and a significant reduction in apparent diffusion coefficient (rADC, p = 0.0006, n = 12

254 Apparent diffusion coefficients range from 1.9 x 10(-12)

255 95% CI, 0.1%-4.2%; P = .04) and gray matter apparent diffusion coefficient (rate of decrease, 0.6%;

256 the Study of the Liver and quantitative ADC apparent diffusion coefficient , respectively) and a str

257 the Study of the Liver and quantitative ADC apparent diffusion coefficient , respectively), when com

258 nitude differences measured in these fluids' apparent diffusion coefficients suggest a nearly free di

259 An ADC apparent diffusion coefficient threshold of 1.275 x 10(-

260 roach (n = 10 rats per group) to measure the apparent diffusion coefficient, tissue oxygen saturation

261 Lesion apparent diffusion coefficient value was higher in all p

262 Thrombus at days 7 and 14 had the highest apparent diffusion coefficient values (0.95+/-0.09 and 1

263 s who had positive target findings had lower apparent diffusion coefficient values (875 x 10(-6) mm(2

264 ametric and particular MRI sequences such as apparent diffusion coefficient values of diffusion-weigh

265 Pretreatment apparent diffusion coefficient values were lowest in reg

266 cation is possible based on size, extent and apparent diffusion coefficient values.

267 Apparent diffusion coefficient ( ADC apparent diffusion coefficient ) values were used to dif

268 Apparent diffusion coefficient was 0.092 cm(2)/second (9

269 e when only volume of lesions with decreased apparent diffusion coefficient was considered.

270 The apparent diffusion coefficient was lower in erythrocyte-

271 n 50% of the tumor had (18)F-FDG uptake, the apparent diffusion coefficient was lower, consistent wit

272 that varied linearly with time, and the same apparent diffusion coefficient was measured for the move

273 ss patients, the correlation between SUV and apparent diffusion coefficient was weak and nonsignifica

274 erized tomography signal and the variance of apparent diffusion coefficient were also increased.

275 equences, and number of lesions with reduced apparent diffusion coefficient were correlated with scor

276 e ( VDP ventilation defect percentage ), and apparent diffusion coefficient were generated.

277 No changes in the apparent diffusion coefficient were observed either whil

278 Fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficients were evaluated in normal

279 distinguishing BPH from prostate cancer than apparent diffusion coefficient, which was most suitable

280 ant negative correlation of the trace of the apparent diffusion coefficient with age was found throug

281 This increase in apparent diffusion coefficient with fluid flow rate sugg

282 antitative assessment of tissue diffusivity (apparent diffusion coefficient) without the use of gadol