ライフサイエンスコーパス: atria

1 d targeting of both Cav3.1 and CaV3.2 in the atria.

2 ated in 10 patients with structurally normal atria.

3 les and membrane protein targets for EHD3 in atria.

4 gins across all the different regions of the atria.

5 lly regulates PRRX1 expression in human left atria.

6 had higher expression in the SAN than in the atria.

7 ng acute fibrillation in ovine isolated left atria.

8 ibly induced self-terminating AF in 10 of 17 atria.

9 multiple temporal and spatial scales in the atria.

10 lular Ca(2+) homeostasis in the healthy aged atria.

11 suppressed induction of AF in 7 of 10 (70%) atria.

12 al remodeling in the outer millimeter of the atria.

13 ial durations (APDs) in isolated canine left atria.

14 particularly in the outer millimeter of the atria.

15 ewhere in the left (28.2%) and right (33.0%) atria.

16 o increased the arrhythmogenesis of the left atria.

17 ntially expressed between the left and right atria.

18 ee-dimensional structural model of the human atria.

19 stablished, RFA lesions were created in both atria.

20 the slow pathway, then the fast pathway and atria.

21 s well as to parts of the left ventricle and atria.

22 rsal mesocardium for its contribution to the atria.

23 ely distributed on the dorsal surface of the atria.

24 sarcolipin is a key regulator of SERCA2a in atria.

25 a buffering decreases systolic Ca(2+) in old atria.

26 2a (SERCA2a) and is expressed abundantly in atria.

27 s a mediator of beta-adrenergic responses in atria.

28 ve AT arose from a wide distribution in both atria.

29 ed by chaotic electrical activity of cardiac atria.

30 in vitro using spontaneous beating isolated atria.

31 e-gated potassium channel expressed in human atria.

32 nt determinant of impulse propagation in the atria.

33 cell lines and in primary cultures of mouse atria.

34 oli beta-galactosidase directly onto porcine atria.

35 nt for changes to systolic Ca(2+) in the old atria.

36 ce structural and electric remodeling of the atria.

37 e breakdown and rotor multiplication in both atria.

38 rize the distinct major bundles in the human atria.

39 edominantly in ventricles in comparison with atria.

40 aps of the fibrous organization of the human atria.

41 lectrical and contractile dysfunction in the atria.

42 ogeneous throughout different regions of the atria.

43 lectrical, and contractile remodeling of the atria.

44 NCX KO SAN that failed to propagate into the atria.

45 substrates for EHD3-dependent trafficking in atria.

46 for proper electrical conduction through the atria.

47 ients had larger and more dysfunctional left atria.

48 sing ATRIA bleeding risk score, from 81% for ATRIA=3 to 73% for ATRIA>/=5 (P<0.001).

49 implantation had elevated thresholds in the atria (4), ventricle (3), or both chambers (4; atrial-le

50 s at the PLA traveled toward the rest of the atria (76.8+/-8.1% outward versus 23.2+/-8.1% inward; P<

51 Calcium uptake studies revealed that, in the atria, ablation of sarcolipin resulted in an increase in

52 as a decrease in the frequency of the slower atria after ablation close to main interatrial conductio

53 In the atria, age-associated changes in the action potential ha

54 e address both by proposing Ablatio Triadum (ATria), an iterative centrality algorithm that uses the

55 e differences in AF EGMs in normal versus HF atria and (2) assess how fibrosis and nerve-rich fat con

56 imaging analysis was performed from 10 right atria and 10 left atria data sets, including 86 axial LG

57 CPC niches in the atria and apex of the mouse heart were infected with a l

58 ct mesoderm, which generates portions of the atria and atrio-ventricular canal.

59 Wall stress varied widely within atria and between subjects (median, 36 kPa; interquartil

60 A significant interaction existed between ATRIA and CHADS(2) scores (P=0.021).

61 or CHA2DS2-VASc were lower than those of the ATRIA and CHADS2.

62 s with an electrical signal generated in the atria and ends with myocardial contraction.

63 PANCR was expressed specifically in the left atria and eye and in no other chambers of the heart.

64 onstrated superior performance compared with ATRIA and HEMORR(2)HAGES at any threshold probability fo

65 Adding TTR to ORBIT, ATRIA and HEMORR2HAGES led to improved predictive perfor

66 Adding 'labile INR' (TTR < 65%) to ORBIT, ATRIA and HEMORR2HAGES significantly improved their recl

67 pertension and diabetes, and had larger left atria and higher left ventricular mass.

68 A loss of Grk2/3 results in dilated atria and hypoplastic ventricles, and the hearts of embr

69 eous myofiber architecture of right and left atria and interatrial septum provide a means of investig

70 xial couplon was observed in human and mouse atria and is composed of voluminous axial tubules (ATs)

71 med complete bidirectional block between the atria and isolated area, whereas antegrade and retrograd

72 operation involves extensive surgery in the atria and leaves the right ventricle as the systemic ven

73 ls are incorporated into the cardiac inflow (atria and left ventricle) while medially placed cells ar

74 ition with respect to the progenitors of the atria and left ventricle.

75 nteract with deterministic properties of the atria and may engage organized mechanisms.

76 ibute not only to the SV but also to the LV, atria and OFT and are found also in the dorsal splanchni

77 es (mOBRI, HEMORR2HAGES, Shireman, HAS-BLED, ATRIA and ORBIT) in a large cohort of Chinese inpatients

78 , lineage-labeled cells were detected in the atria and outflow tract of the developing heart.

79 ession with more abundant SK channels in the atria and pacemaking tissues compared with the ventricle

80 iNICD mice have structurally normal atria and preserved sinus node architecture, but express

81 epolarizations in atrial myocytes and intact atria and prevented induction of AF.

82 SD2) was age-dependently up-regulated in the atria and the left ventricles of RacET mice on mRNA and

83 he site of storage of primitive cells in the atria and the region bordering the infarct.

84 a biophysically detailed model of the human atria and torso to investigate the correlation between t

85 or (ANF), which is normally expressed in the atria and trabeculae and is restricted from the developi

86 4 and Tbx5 are co-expressed in the embryonic atria and ventricle, but after E15.5, ventricular expres

87 in the number of proliferative cells in the atria and ventricle, but there was no increase in BrdU+

88 icroRNA, miR-425, that is expressed in human atria and ventricles and is predicted to bind the sequen

89 Atria and ventricles exhibit distinct molecular profiles

90 There is a complex interplay between the atria and ventricles in atrial fibrillation (AF).

91 e phosphorylation were increased in both the atria and ventricles of LKB1-deficient mice.

92 rfused hearts confirmed slowed conduction on atria and ventricles of MetS-VLDL mice.

93 of genes preferentially dysregulated in the atria and ventricles revealed distinct MEF2A-dependent c

94 trated specialized muscle fibers joining the atria and ventricles that caused "block" when cut and fo

95 D4(+)), were prominent throughout the heart (atria and ventricles) and localized specifically around

96 annulus fibrosis electrically insulates the atria and ventricles, allowing the timed sequential beat

97 ial for delay of electrical impulses between atria and ventricles, and defects in AVC maturation can

98 F, differences between fibrotic processes in atria and ventricles, and the clinical and prognostic si

99 fferential sarcolemmal K(ATP) composition in atria and ventricles, and, to test this, K(ATP) currents

100 eraction of Gata4 and Tbx5 in the developing atria and ventricles, but the ventricular interaction de

101 ch 81% were differentially expressed between atria and ventricles, suggesting that a major function o

102 eart, and, although there are models for the atria and ventricles, there is no model for the sinoatri

103 lectromechanical activation sequence of both atria and ventricles.

104 s is essential for normal development of the atria and ventricles.

105 ted a reduction in capillary density of both atria and ventricles.

106 they demonstrated dilation of right and left atria and ventricles.

107 ent (I(Na)) in myocytes isolated from canine atria and ventricles.

108 this complex conduction pathway between the atria and ventricles.

109 istinct modulators for the SERCA pump in the atria and ventricles.

110 heart-valve-inducing region amid developing atria and ventricles.

111 essing differed between human ventricles and atria and was altered in disease.

112 le for the NO-redox imbalance differ between atria and with the duration and substrate of AF.

113 n hearts that populated the pulmonary veins, atria, and atrioventricular canal.

114 ta on endosome-based trafficking pathways in atria, and implicate EHD3 as a key player in the regulat

115 detected robust expression of Mybphl in the atria, and in discrete puncta throughout the right ventr

116 propagation through the SAN and from SAN to atria, and in modifying heart rate through a coupling of

117 with HCM had less hypertrophy, smaller left atria, and less systolic and diastolic dysfunction than

118 iac structural defects involving ventricles, atria, and outflow tracts, as well as widespread aberran

119 ous across the heart, faster at the apex and atria, and slower at the base-midregion of the ventricle

120 tributing the left ventricle and part of the atria, and the SHF the rest of the heart.

121 duration (APD) and its dispersion across the atria, and the vulnerability of atrial tissue to the ini

122 rotors, as well as wave and wavelets in the atria, and thereby mimics mechanistic theories that have

123 HL protein was myofilament associated in the atria, and truncated MyBP-HL protein failed to incorpora

124 otential was more depolarized in Pitx2c(+/-) atria, and TWIK-related acid-sensitive K(+) channel 2 (T

125 s in single cells, cardiomyocyte monolayers, atria, and whole hearts.

126 anal; UH5, which directed expression in both atria; and UH4, which directed transgene expression in t

127 was developed in ROCKET AF and validated in ATRIA (AnTicoagulation and Risk factors In Atrial fibril

128 ic Factors, Excessive Fall Risk and Stroke), ATRIA (Anticoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibril

129 are its performance with the CHA2DS2VASc and ATRIA (Anticoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibril

130 We assessed this association in the ATRIA (Anticoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibril

131 Recently a clinically based risk score, the ATRIA (Anticoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibril

132 Here we show that in atria AP alternans occurs secondary to CaT alternans.

133 remaining heart chambers (left ventricle and atria) are grossly normal.

134 ular diseases, including those affecting the atria, are associated with advancing age.

135 in addition, showed that the right and left atria arise from the right and left heart fields.

136 channels are predominantly expressed in the atria as compared with the ventricles.

137 3 was the most highly expressed miRNA in the atria, as quantified by RNA sequencing.

138 ew contends that computational models of the atria assembled with data from clinical imaging modaliti

139 en I and III mRNA expression was elevated in atria at 4 weeks, and atrial fibrosis was seen at 12 wee

140 NAs were found in between the left and right atria at a probability value of <0.01.

141 y expressed mRNAs between the left and right atria at false discovery rates of <0.001 and <0.05, resp

142 ; P<0.001), impaired relaxation, and dilated atria (atrial area in controls, 1.46 cm(2) [interquartil

143 Although 17% (n=1749) had high ATRIA bleeding risk (score >/=5), only 7% (n=719) were c

144 OAC use fell slightly with increasing ATRIA bleeding risk score, from 81% for ATRIA=3 to 73% f

145 ion and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation (ATRIA) bleeding risk scores (>/=5).

146 ssociated with upregulation of miR-31 in the atria but not in the ventricles.

147 induced postrepolarization refractoriness in atria but not in ventricles.

148 ently and reliably terminate AT if the human atria can be successfully light-sensitized via gene deli

149 Arrhythmias, including those in the atria, can arise as a result of electrical remodelling o

150 isk patients appropriately, whilst ORBIT and ATRIA categorised most major bleeds into their 'low-risk

151 at the channel is predominantly expressed in atria compared to the ventricular myocytes.

152 rovement was 0.23 (95% CI: 0.22 to 0.25) for ATRIA compared with CHA2DS2-VASc.

153 patients also had dilated and impaired left atria compared with control subjects (all P<0.001).

154 Using biophysically-detailed human atria computer models, this study investigated the mecha

155 ed alternation of electrical activity in the atria contributes to arrhythmogenesis is unknown.

156 3R3, RyR2, NCX, SERCA2) or morphology of the atria could be detected between WT and IP3R2-deficient m

157 Use with functional proteins in the atria could cure or even prevent diseases such as atrial

158 ibrillation-Cardiovascular Research Network (ATRIA-CVRN) study within Kaiser Permanente Northern and

159 as performed from 10 right atria and 10 left atria data sets, including 86 axial LGE CMR planes per a

160 In the atria, DiI-labeled vagal efferent axons formed basket en

161 th baskets in left (n = 17) or both (n = 14) atria during superior pulmonary vein pacing at cycle len

162 endocardial cells in the outflow cushion and atria earlier than in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros region

163 ow clinical AF may be sustained in patients' atria, emphasizing heterogeneities in tissue excitabilit

164 ading from the sinus node to the rest of the atria, ending at the left atrial appendage.

165 These studies also show that the atria, epicardium, coronary vessels, and the majority of

166 MicroRNA-26 was downregulated in canine AF atria; experimental microRNA-26 knockdown reproduced AF-

167 establish normal electrogram criteria in the atria for both 3.5-mm electrode tip linear catheters (Th

168 found that oxidized CaMKII was increased in atria from AF patients compared with patients in sinus r

169 TRPC3 expression was upregulated in atria from AF patients, goats with electrically maintain

170 In the atria from mice predisposed to abnormal calcium releases

171 Furthermore, atria from sarcolipin-null mice showed a blunted respons

172 c skeleton, and to electrically insulate the atria from the ventricles.

173 c (shorter deceleration time and larger left atria) function compared with SR.

174 ised by irregular electrical activity in the atria, generally associated with erratic excitation unde

175 risk score, from 81% for ATRIA=3 to 73% for ATRIA>/=5 (P<0.001).

176 Scn2b null atria had normal levels of sodium current density compar

177 The left and right atria have different susceptibilities toward developing

178 iction scores have been described: HAS-BLED, ATRIA, HEMORR2HAGES and ORBIT.

179 Patients in Group 1 had larger left atria, higher incidence of AFL pre-PVAI, and lower eject

180 matin immunoprecipitation assays using E13.5 atria identified classic atrial-ventricular identity gen

181 We show evidence that ATria identifies three different kinds of "important" no

182 eep sequenced wildtype and Tbx5-mutant mouse atria, identifying 2600 novel Tbx5-dependent ncRNAs.

183 s (mean, 175 +/- 18 ms) were present in both atria in 11 of 12 patients.

184 t that it will only activate portions of the atria in a 1:1 manner, the rest of the atria will be act

185 Conduction velocity increased in both atria in control animals and MR animals (maximum percent

186 d with 15 endocardial electrograms from both atria including the highest DF site, which was predeterm

187 clonal proliferative activity throughout the atria, indicating the suppressive role of Nkx2-5 in card

188 on frequency in right atria (RA) versus left atria (LA) in patients, but the underlying molecular and

189 can efficiently and reliably terminate AT in atria light-sensitized via gene delivery.

190 In the atria, MEF2A regulated genes involved in fibrosis and ad

191 e normalized to ablation lesion area in both atria, mm(3)/mm(2)0.5+/-0.10.4+/-0.11.5+/-1.10.8+/-0.3Th

192 -3.723.3+/-6.4Total thrombus volume in right atria, mm(3)117.7+/-21.587.8+/-17.269.1+/-16.1107.8+/-23

193 /-4.132.8+/-8.3Total thrombus volume in both atria, mm(3)140.5+/-21.399.7+/-16.886.1+/-17.5131.1+/-22

194 +/-577+/-695+/-3Mean thrombus volume in both atria, mm(3)20.8+/-3.414.9+/-2.212.2+/-2.622.5+/-5.6Mean

195 7.5131.1+/-22.7Total thrombus volume in left atria, mm(3)22.8+/-5.311.8+/-3.317.0+/-3.723.3+/-6.4Tota

196 +/-1.68.1+/-3.3Mean thrombus volume in right atria, mm(3)30.1+/-5.422.7+/-4.317.9+/-4.132.8+/-8.3Tota

197 +/-2.622.5+/-5.6Mean thrombus volume in left atria, mm(3)8.2+/-1.54.0+/-0.95.5+/-1.68.1+/-3.3Mean thr

198 Optical mapping of coronary-perfused atria (n=24) revealed that adenosine perfusion (10-100 m

199 near lesions were created in isolated rabbit atria (n=6), and point lesions were created in the ventr

200 tion of action potential duration (APD90) in atria, no effect on APD90 in ventricular myocardium, and

201 e of the Cav1.3(alpha1D) Ca2+ channel in the atria of Cav1.3(-/-) mice.

202 MiR29b expression was also reduced in the atria of chronic AF patients (by 54% versus sinus rhythm

203 Direct contact mapping was performed in left atria of goats with acute AF (n=6) or persistent AF (n=5

204 apoptosis were present in the right and left atria of MHC-TGFcys33ser hearts, the extent of fibrosis

205 We show that RyR2 are oxidized in the atria of patients with chronic AF compared with individu

206 e miR-106b, miR-93, and miR-25 were lower in atria of patients with paroxysmal AF when compared with

207 hat the level of RyR2 protein is elevated in atria of patients with paroxysmal AF, suggesting that mi

208 encies (DFs) of activation are higher in the atria of patients with persistent than paroxysmal atrial

209 d nitration of mitochondrial proteins in the atria of rats with cirrhosis.

210 Little is known about how the normal atria of the heart remodel with age and thus why dysfunc

211 he most common arrhythmia being found in the atria of the heart.

212 s and Nox4 expression were documented in the atria of transgenic mice with cardiac overexpression of

213 METHODS AND Atria of young (TGy, before AF onset) and old (TGo, afte

214 the electrical wave propagating through the atria or ventricles breaks locally and forms a rotor (al

215 ration of atrial fibrillation (AF), enlarged atria, or failed catheter ablation have advanced AF and

216 ranscripts, animal models, chronic AF, right atria, or small samples.

217 es), localized electrical sources within the atria, or some other mechanism.

218 Adding 'labile INR' to ATRIA, ORBIT and HEMORR2HAGES improved their predictive

219 the 'labile INR' criteria (i.e. TTR <65%) to ATRIA, ORBIT and HEMORR2HAGES increased their ability of

220 Bleeding risk was assessed by the HAS-BLED, ATRIA, ORBIT and HEMORR2HAGES scores.

221 wn centrality algorithms and demonstrate how ATria overcomes several of their shortcomings.

222 Patients with MVR had larger atria (p < 0.0001), lower left ventricular ejection frac

223 atients with broad CV restitution had larger atria (p = 0.03) and were more likely to have persistent

224 vation in both ipsilateral and contralateral atria (P<0.05 for both), whereas ablation of nonrotor do

225 nsforms; CARTO-Finder) of the left and right atria (PentaRay catheter).

226 with a higher activation frequency in right atria (RA) versus left atria (LA) in patients, but the u

227 In the remaining 3 atria, ranolazine reduced frequency and duration of AF.

228 In atria, ranolazine slightly prolonged action potential du

229 2-dimensional atrial sheet; (2) isolated rat atria recorded with a multi-electrode array (n=12); (3)

230 in the function of both normal and diseased atria remains poorly understood.

231 lly detailed, 3D computer model of the human atria representing electrical and structural remodeling

232 improvement compared with HEMORR(2)HAGES and ATRIA, respectively) and receiver-operating characterist

233 and 0.50 for HAS-BLED vs. HEMORR(2)AGES and ATRIA, respectively).

234 fidence interval [CI]: 0.69 to 0.71) for the ATRIA risk score, 0.68 (95% CI: 0.67 to 0.69) for CHADS2

235 Whether the ATRIA scheme can adequately identify patients who are at

236 An ATRIA score >3 was not significantly associated with the

237 9) was significantly higher than that of the ATRIA score (0.593) in this "low-risk" category (p < 0.0

238 eclassification index by 11.7% compared with ATRIA score (p < 0.0001).

239 The CHA2DS2-VASc score performed better than ATRIA score in predicting ischemic stroke as assessed by

240 s categorized as low-risk on the basis of an ATRIA score of 0 to 5, the CHA2DS2-VASc scores ranged fr

241 The ATRIA score performed better in the U.K. Clinical Practi

242 tients categorized as low-risk by use of the ATRIA score were not necessarily low-risk, and the annua

243 ion and risk factors in atrial fibrillation (ATRIA) score, was proposed for risk stratification in pa

244 or hs-cTnT and P=0.022 hs-cTnI) and 0.61 for ATRIA scores (P=0.005 hs-cTnT and P=0.034 for hs-cTnI).

245 performed better than the HEMORR(2)HAGES and ATRIA scores, as reflected by ROC analysis, reclassifica

246 ion and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation (ATRIA) scores, respectively.

247 and anticoagulation and risk factors in AF (ATRIA) scores, respectively.

248 Histological review of surgically resected atria showed giant cell and lymphocytic infiltrates, lym

249 ing AF, electrograms were recorded from both atria simultaneously for 1 to 5 minutes from 510 to 512

250 and CHADS2 ischemic stroke risk scores with ATRIA stroke risk score and their implications for antic

251 rformed better than both the CHA2DS2VASc and ATRIA stroke scores.

252 Isolated left atria studied on a multielectrode array revealed modest

253 atrial superoxide production in fibrillating atria, suggesting that increased oxidative stress in AF

254 th fluorophore penetrating more readily into atria than ventricles.

255 COUP-TFII ablation produces ventricularized atria that exhibit ventricle-like action potentials, inc

256 ovel variant of GCM, primarily involving the atria, that displays distinctive clinical features and f

257 In isolated canine left atria, the effects of vernakalant and ranolazine were ch

258 Pacing from the atria, the ventricles, and the isolated atrial segment a

259 reviated atrial APD non-uniformly across the atria; this resulted in relatively short APDs co-existin

260 structural and electrical remodeling of the atria, thus contributing to atrial fibrillation perpetua

261 n of arrhythmias in the chronic AF-remodeled atria, thus playing an important role in the progression

262 ysis shows the relationships between AVC and atria to be clonal and that right and left progenitors d

263 from clinical MRI scans of fibrotic patient atria to explore the feasibility of optogenetic terminat

264 irment of chronotropic responses of isolated atria to isoproterenol was seen in rats with cirrhosis,

265 knockout of SK2 channels may predispose the atria to tachy-arrhythmias due to the fact that the late

266 sent study was to compare the performance of ATRIA to that of CHA2DS2-VASc (congestive heart failure,

267 stence of accessory electrical pathways from atria to ventricles, providing the anatomical substrate

268 can rapidly conduct electrical impulses from atria to ventricles, without the intrinsic delay charact

269 Atria transduced with Lenti.EF1alpha-nNOS had higher nNO

270 S had higher nNOS expression compared to the atria treated with Lenti.EF1alpha-eGFP (P < 0.05).

271 meostasis and electrical stability in murine atria under stress conditions.

272 tissue structures such as cell alignment in atria, valves and vessels at an unprecedented level of d

273 3 transcript was undetectable in adult mouse atria, ventricles, and adrenal glands, but Kcne3(-/-) mi

274 ivated and maladaptation is occurring in the atria, ventricles, or both.

275 Atria versus ventricles have lower I(K1), resulting in m

276 referentially suppressed these parameters in atria versus ventricles, but to a much lesser extent tha

277 MR patients had larger left atria (volume index: 32 cm(3)/m(2) vs. 26 cm(3)/m(2), p

278 that elevated propensity to CDA rendered the atria vulnerable to ectopy-induced arrhythmia.

279 d biophysical models of the entire 3D canine atria was developed.

280 Epicardial mapping of both atria was performed with a 512-electrode array at baseli

281 LGE CMR of both atria was performed, and NEEES-based analysis was conduc

282 A multi-scale model of the human atria was updated to incorporate detailed experimental d

283 Atria weight normalized to total heart weight was signif

284 rat atrial cardiomyocyte cultures and intact atria were burst paced to induce reentry.

285 The aortic arch and atria were examined by using confocal microscopy.

286 , which is predominantly expressed in normal atria, were increased 12- and 6-fold, respectively.

287 ate that ANP sped electric conduction in the atria, whereas mANP did the opposite and slowed atrial c

288 bute to the atrioventricular canal (AVC) and atria, whereas those more caudal generate the sinus veno

289 n expressed at high levels in the developing atria, which affects the binding of the heavy chain to i

290 structural and electrical remodelling in the atria, which are associated with a high recurrence of AF

291 pression profiles between the left and right atria, which may yield insight into increased the arrhyt

292 f the atria in a 1:1 manner, the rest of the atria will be activated rapidly but irregularly (i.e., v

293 AF was sequentially mapped in both atria with a 20-pole PentaRay catheter.

294 fail to form atrial septum, display dilated atria with hypoplastic venous valves, and exhibit blood

295 fective in suppressing atrial arrhythmias in atria with reduced Pitx2c mRNA levels (Pitx2c(+/-)).

296 tions, precluding continuous mapping of both atria with sufficient resolution.

297 ulti-electrode catheters were sutured to the atria with their distal electrode pairs at the fat pad-a

298 expression levels were higher in SAN than in atria, with SAN to right atrium ratios of 6.1+/-0.9 and

299 sphorylation (CamKII-dependent S2814) in the atria, without corresponding alterations in the ventricl

300 de field-of-view (panoramic) mapping of both atria would identify causal mechanisms for AF and allow