ライフサイエンスコーパス: autophagic

1 of epg5 (CG14299) in Drosophila resulted in autophagic abnormalities and progressive neurodegenerati

2 verexpressing Snapin in hAPP neurons reduces autophagic accumulation at presynaptic terminals by enha

3 Autophagic actions of cocaine are mediated by the nitric

4 r cells rely on SIK2 to restrain maladaptive autophagic activation.

5 oxO3 activation can both induce and maintain autophagic activities in renal epithelial cells in respo

6 ponse and ER stress accompanied by increased autophagic activity and apoptosis.

7 pathways, ultimately resulting in anomalous autophagic activity and disease phenotype.

8 ment, blocking the IRF8 with shIRF8 inhibits autophagic activity and M1 polarization.

9 Altered autophagic activity has been implicated in the beta cell

10 FP-overexpressing HeLa cells, revealed lower autophagic activity in cells exposed to uric acid compar

11 ZIKV infection induced autophagic activity in human trophoblasts and pharmacolo

12 re consistent with an age-related decline in autophagic activity in the intestine, body-wall muscle,

13 raction sites result in reduction or loss of autophagic activity in yeast.

14 Collectively, our data suggest that autophagic activity normally decreases with age in C. el

15 Such alteration impairs the unconventional autophagic activity of TMEM59, a transmembrane protein t

16 d unique age- and tissue-specific changes in autophagic activity, indicating that the two longevity p

17 cental trophoblast cell-autonomous effect of autophagic activity, not to alterations in systemic mate

18 criptional suppressor of autophagy genes and autophagic activity.

19 of protein aggregate clearance by modulating autophagic activity.

20 tribution of other organelles and influences autophagic activity.

21 f TPC1 and TPC2 in basal and induced cardiac autophagic activity.

22 In this mechanism, the autophagic adapter p62/SQSTM1/Sequestosome-1 is an N-rec

23 One autophagic adaptor protein not previously identified in

24 anoma cell death by concomitant induction of autophagic and apoptotic mechanisms.

25 ic Ca(2+) acts as a rheostat that fine-tunes autophagic and apoptotic responses.

26 Variant-dependent autophagic and cytotoxic cell death have been proposed a

27 lusion, we identify Rab2 as a key factor for autophagic and endocytic cargo delivery to and degradati

28 FYCO1 functionally connects autophagic and endocytic pathways, supporting the hypoth

29 lipid kinase involved in the control of both autophagic and endocytic systems, has been studied exten

30 Recent studies of autophagic and lysosomal pathways have significantly cha

31 cellular adhesion time along with apoptotic, autophagic and survival pathways.

32 Endocytic, autophagic, and phagocytic vesicles move on microtubule

33 gy-independent) mechanism underlying the pro-autophagic bioactivity of decorin via PEG3 and TFEB.

34 s were unable to inhibit the accumulation of autophagic bodies and ATG8 protein forms to the same ext

35 rescent protein fluorescence associated with autophagic bodies and immunoblot analysis of the ATG8 pr

36 lin and CPY* partially co-localized with the autophagic body marker GFP-ATG8e, indicating delivery to

37 tains homeostasis by suppressing unnecessary autophagic breakdown of cellular components, including l

38 the formation of autophagosomes to increase autophagic capacity but has no significant effect on aut

39 and, therefore, degradation of endocytic and autophagic cargo in lysosomes.

40 to promote interaction between RIG-I and the autophagic cargo receptor p62 and to mediate RIG-I degra

41 In general, selectivity is achieved by autophagic cargo receptors that link the cargo to autoph

42 membranes that are remodeled to encapsulate autophagic cargo within an autophagosome.

43 selective autophagy upon the accumulation of autophagic cargoes.

44 To the contrary, apelin suppressed autophagic cell death during reoxygenation, which was ac

45 lysosomal membrane permeability and restore autophagic cell death in Bax/Bak1 double-deleted mouse e

46 targeting Bax only to the lysosome restores autophagic cell death in Bax/Bak1 null cells.

47 mice did not undergo necrosis, apoptosis, or autophagic cell death in vivo, even in lines with highly

48 tergent in cells devoid of Bax/Bak1 restores autophagic cell death, collectively indicting that Bax/B

49 ic cancer activity by inducing apoptotic and autophagic cell death, thereby identifying phycocyanin a

50 may enhance anti-tumor immunity by inducing autophagic cell death.

51 Interestingly, autophagic cells deficient in FoxO3 contain lower number

52 ng FoxO3 in mice results in fewer numbers of autophagic cells in the proximal tubules and reduced rat

53 nd therefore could stimulate PINK1-dependent autophagic clearance of alpha-syn.

54 acupoint of Yanglingquan (GB34) promoted the autophagic clearance of alpha-synuclein (alpha-syn), a w

55 re and functional lysosomes required for the autophagic clearance of alpha-synuclein, leading to the

56 esized that MTORC1 may specifically regulate autophagic clearance of damaged mitochondria.

57 tions for the use of trehalose in studies of autophagic clearance of misfolded proteins and for targe

58 tiation depends on mitophagy, the programmed autophagic clearance of mitochondria.

59 Genetic deletion of Fancc blocks the autophagic clearance of viruses (virophagy) and increase

60 the turnover of lipid droplets overcomes the autophagic clearance.

61 This autophagic clustering is associated with antiviral signa

62 The autophagic clusters were decorated with both ISG15, an e

63 The autophagic clusters were not induced by rapamycin or sta

64 During metabolic stress, LC3(+) autophagic compartments bind and sequester the RabGAP pr

65 ranscripts, and were consistent with reduced autophagic control of organelle homeostasis.

66 This phenotype correlated with strong autophagic defects in epithelial cells of medullary tubu

67 ortical development pathways, in addition to autophagic deficits.

68 nipulate the autophagic machinery to prevent autophagic degradation and to promote endosomal escape a

69 on pathways, and one recent study found that autophagic degradation is required for the restriction o

70 ally, we show that this mutation impairs the autophagic degradation of betaCTF, resulting in its accu

71 Mitophagy orchestrates the autophagic degradation of dysfunctional mitochondria pre

72 at targeting of CaMKII and the regulation of autophagic degradation of Id may be an effective therape

73 Our study proposes a mechanism by which autophagic degradation of Id proteins can regulate cell

74 stem that sequesters FAs released during the autophagic degradation of membranous organelles, reducin

75 etion, transient induction of autophagy, and autophagic degradation of p62.

76 rogates RIG-I-p62 interaction as well as the autophagic degradation of RIG-I.

77 finely regulates Rph1 protein level and that autophagic degradation of Rph1 is important for cell hom

78 n5-containing complex, SAGA, is required for autophagic degradation of Rph1.

79 The function of selective autophagic degradation of self-components in the regulat

80 Selective autophagic degradation of the IkappaB kinase complex pre

81 ate immune response through the induction of autophagic degradation of TRAF6.

82 tein, suggesting that PAR1 is shuttled to an autophagic degradation pathway in the absence of Rab11B

83 M5alpha associates with proteins involved in autophagic degradation pathways, and one recent study fo

84 IM5alpha is degraded by both proteasomal and autophagic degradation pathways.

85 nlikely to correspond to a viral escape from autophagic degradation, as infecting DC with Nef- or Env

86 tects permeated endosomes and marks them for autophagic degradation, whereas PLA2G16 facilitates vira

87 mitochondria and subsequently limiting their autophagic degradation.

88 ognition signal for p62-depdendent selective autophagic degradation.

89 tive kinase 1 (PINK1) and targeting them for autophagic degradation.

90 eptor involved in targeting mitochondria for autophagic degradation.

91 nism for Akt to control both proteasomal and autophagic degradation.

92 dynamics and functionality are linked to the autophagic degradative pathway under several stress cond

93 s factory inclusions seem to protect against autophagic destruction by sequestering capsid proteins a

94 ter membrane permeabilization facilitate the autophagic destruction of the organelle.

95 mic agglomeration of proteasomes en route to autophagic destruction.

96 ellular functions, it is not surprising that autophagic dysfunction is associated with a wide range o

97 dependent Ca(2+) signalling is a trigger for autophagic dysfunction, progressive loss of dopaminergic

98 sease (PD) are associated with lysosomal and autophagic dysfunction.

99 p remained potent in cells depleted of these autophagic effectors by small interfering RNA (siRNA) kn

100 mice with AP were given trehalose to enhance autophagic efficiency.

101 The specific autophagic elimination of mitochondria (mitophagy) plays

102 The autophagic endosomal pathway facilitates low-pH-mediated

103 This autophagic endosomal pathway is proposed as a new mechan

104 d molecules on cargos, thus facilitating the autophagic engulfment of the cargo.

105 tochondria via ubiquitin binding and mediate autophagic engulfment through their association with mic

106 Here we show that parasites trap host autophagic factors in the tubovesicular network (TVN), a

107 rum plus glucose starvation), changes in the autophagic flux (as assessed by use of bafilomycin A1) o

108 eptin treatment resulted from an increase in autophagic flux (indicated by decreased p62 levels and i

109 These data are consistent with autophagic flux acting to homeostatically suppress proin

110 C2(-/-) cells show MTORC1-dependent impaired autophagic flux after chemical uncoupling of mitochondri

111 2 downregulation is associated with enhanced autophagic flux and accelerated ER stress resolution.

112 ay represent a novel strategy for increasing autophagic flux and ameliorating morbidity in proteotoxi

113 erologous Tret1 overexpression reconstituted autophagic flux and AMPK signaling defects in GLUT8-defi

114 active Lyn; (3) accumulation of a marker of autophagic flux and autolysososme degradation; (4) accum

115 sosomal acidification is causally inhibiting autophagic flux and cellular functions could not, up to

116 evels of fatty acids (lipotoxicity) inhibits autophagic flux and concomitantly decreases lysosomal ac

117 mal dysfunction, relieving the impairment in autophagic flux and further stimulated autophagy.

118 in NRF2-deficient cells, which have reduced autophagic flux and low basal and induced levels of p62.

119 Our data further demonstrated defects in autophagic flux and lysosomal staining in human samples

120 epletion of eitherUSP19 or Beclin-1 inhibits autophagic flux and promotes type IIFNsignaling as well

121 etic ablation of OGT in mouse livers reduces autophagic flux and the production of glucose and ketone

122 f this process, a concurrent upregulation of autophagic flux as an adaptive response to TAE-like isch

123 human fibrosarcoma cells exhibited enhanced autophagic flux as well as its induction by pharmacologi

124 quantified autophagic vesicles and performed autophagic flux assays in multiple tissues of wild-type

125 Further analysis indicates a blockage in autophagic flux associated with lysosomal dysfunction.

126 Loss of GABARAPs alone attenuates autophagic flux basally and in response to macroautophag

127 n a TP53-dependent manner, and TGM2 promoted autophagic flux by enhancing autophagic protein degradat

128 then found that ErbB2 effectively suppressed autophagic flux by physically dissociating Beclin-1 from

129 gh it is clear that limiting or accelerating autophagic flux can result in pathological cardiac remod

130 To explain how autophagic flux could exert a proviral effect on the VZV

131 F activity with subsequent impairment of the autophagic flux due to a novel FBXO32 mutation is implic

132 Autophagic flux impairment during EMT-mediated CD44L to

133 ogical inhibition of SIK2 leads to increased autophagic flux in both normal-immortalized and tumor-de

134 essential for appropriate basal and induced autophagic flux in cardiomyocytes (i.e. there is a negat

135 protein-LC3 detection method to measure the autophagic flux in cardiomyocytes after transfection of

136 Doxorubicin blocks autophagic flux in cardiomyocytes by impairing lysosome

137 essential for appropriate basal and induced autophagic flux in cardiomyocytes, and also that they ar

138 eroprotective high SS stimulated endothelial autophagic flux in human and murine arteries.

139 cardiomyopathy or heart failure and restored autophagic flux in knockin mice.

140 expression of autophagy markers and reduced autophagic flux in neuronal cells expressing P301L-Tau.

141 ression are associated with lower and higher autophagic flux in the kidney, respectively.

142 report that doxorubicin blocks cardiomyocyte autophagic flux in vivo and in cardiomyocytes in culture

143 ring RNA knockdown showed the restoration of autophagic flux is also essential for the protective eff

144 We discovered that endorepellin-induced autophagic flux led to co-localization of mammalian targ

145 ophagic inhibitors to sequentially block the autophagic flux suggest that FoxO3 stimulates the format

146 develop proteasome dysfunction and impaired autophagic flux that is associated with enhanced mTORC1

147 e to rotenone (0.5 muM) resulted in impaired autophagic flux through activation of a Nox2 dependent S

148 rom apoptosis and inflammation by increasing autophagic flux through inhibition of the Notch pathway.

149 versely, HSF1-deficient cells have increased autophagic flux under both basal as well as HBB2-induced

150 these results show that adequate endothelial autophagic flux under high SS limits atherosclerotic pla

151 p62 and LC3-II levels, indicating rescue of autophagic flux upon acute lysosomal acidification.

152 Autophagic flux was blocked in Pld1(-/-) hepatocytes, wi

153 In contrast to wild-type, autophagic flux was blunted and associated with accumula

154 Moreover, autophagic flux was increased in ARSACS HDFs under starv

155 In parallel, autophagic flux was perturbed in HSALR muscle and in cul

156 ophagosomes, which accumulated in neurons as autophagic flux was thwarted.

157 reporter transfection demonstrated that the autophagic flux was unaffected by hyperosmolarity.

158 scle ULK1 mRNA and protein levels as well as autophagic flux were significantly enhanced in STAT1-def

159 hagic vesicles triggering an increase in the autophagic flux with deleterious consequences.

160 Cells lacking PGRN display reduced autophagic flux, and pathological forms of TDP-43 typica

161 associated with induction of a low level of autophagic flux, as evidenced by upregulation and traffi

162 Autophagic flux, however, is difficult to measure in hum

163 Kalpha and the UPR, along with inhibition of autophagic flux, was associated with progression from st

164 rferes with endosomal trafficking and blocks autophagic flux, which ultimately leads to inflammatory-

165 assessment of the mutants revealed impaired autophagic flux, which was conserved in kidney epithelia

166 s upregulation appears to reflect a block in autophagic flux, with these elements predominantly degra

167 al via restoration of lysosomal function and autophagic flux.

168 n, AMPKalpha inhibition, and blockade of the autophagic flux.

169 tration in these mice indicative of impaired autophagic flux.

170 al muscle cells and enhanced ischemic muscle autophagic flux.

171 ntrol endolysosomal fusion, a key process in autophagic flux.

172 or mitochondrial) protein complex, promoting autophagic flux.

173 p38, JNK1/2, and BCL2, thereby promoting the autophagic flux.

174 UBC9 expression seemed to directly alter autophagic flux.

175 hich stimulates ATG4B activity and increases autophagic flux.

176 riety of pathologies associated with altered autophagic flux.

177 ded protein response (UPR) and disruption of autophagic flux.

178 Inhibition of the autophagic fluxes with 3-methyladenine, increases mixtur

179 Strategies to restore mitochondrial and/or autophagic function might be developed for treatment of

180 nd Beclin 1, an event known to stimulate the autophagic function of Beclin 1.

181 These FYCO1 variants may impair autophagic function, leading to RV formation in sIBM pat

182 r the further study of the role of lysosomal-autophagic impairment and the potential therapeutic bene

183 t both endorepellin and Torin 1, a canonical autophagic inducer, blunted ex vivo angiogenesis.

184 ed protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation and autophagic induction in vitro and in vivo.

185 Analyses of individual cells treated with autophagic inhibitors to sequentially block the autophag

186 Here, we were able to biochemically analyze autophagic intermediate membranes and show that the auto

187 is an important stimulator of autophagy and autophagic killing of Toxoplasma gondii in host cells.

188 CD40-mediated autophagic killing of Toxoplasma gondii is known to requ

189 iquitin-binding protein p62, suggesting that autophagic-lysosomal clearance is insufficient.

190 u, progressive cognitive and motor deficits, autophagic/lysosomal dysfunction, loss of synaptic prote

191 membrane, a subset of proteins composing the autophagic machinery are regulated by glycosylation, and

192 responses in vivo through inhibition of the autophagic machinery in DCs in a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-

193 e autophagy and demonstrates how analysis of autophagic machinery in the absence of flux can identify

194 cal agent of visceral leishmaniasis, and the autophagic machinery of human macrophages.

195 3 may function to maintain components of the autophagic machinery that would otherwise be consumed du

196 ome viruses can subvert or even enhance host autophagic machinery to increase viral replication and p

197 d small PPxY peptide motif to manipulate the autophagic machinery to prevent autophagic degradation a

198 retroviruses by TRIM5alpha does not require autophagic machinery.

199 e targeting of uncoupled mitochondria to the autophagic machinery.

200 Interestingly, key autophagic markers and mediators LC3-II, Atg7 and Beclin

201 ulated expression or location of most of the autophagic markers.

202 hway which could overcome the cytoprotective autophagic mechanism.

203 Autophagic mechanisms are cellular digestion processes t

204 etroviral infection in cells depleted of the autophagic mediators ATG5, Beclin1, and p62.

205 in synthesized in melanocytes and modulating autophagic melanosome degradation in keratinocytes.

206 hatase MTMR14/Jumpy, a negative regulator of autophagic membrane formation.

207 anding of the mechanistic details underlying autophagic membrane remodeling and cargo recruitment.

208 ion of mitochondria, which is a precursor to autophagic mitochondrial elimination (mitophagy).

209 The autophagic mobilization of lipids leads to increased bet

210 erve correlations between disease status and autophagic or lysosomal markers.

211 ological or genetic maneuvers that alter the autophagic or mitophagic flux have been shown to influen

212 gulated septin cage-like formation, impaired autophagic p62/LC3 recruitment and defective formation o

213 ropose that absence of MAP1LC3A disrupts the autophagic pathway and leads to the failure of aggresome

214 istent with trafficking of ER TG through the autophagic pathway before oxidation.

215 Activation of the autophagic pathway in hepatic stellate cells during Bruc

216 rtus infection induces the activation of the autophagic pathway in hepatic stellate cells to create a

217 rucella spp. to manipulate components of the autophagic pathway, promoting cytosolic growth in the ca

218 (CVB) replication through its control of the autophagic pathway.

219 creased expression of LC3, a hallmark of the autophagic pathway.

220 Both noncanonical autophagic pathways and xenophagy are activated by micro

221 mitigated pathogenic tau levels by inducing autophagic pathways in a Drosophila model of tauopathy.

222 Here, we focus on two autophagic pathways, the chaperone-mediated autophagy an

223 to as-yet unidentified drivers accelerating autophagic pathways, which may underpin the neuronal dys

224 y targets fragmented mitochondria to the pre-autophagic pool and upregulates mitophagy.

225 ria are selectively removed by a specialized autophagic process called mitophagy.

226 with lysosomes, a secretory granule-specific autophagic process known as crinophagy.

227 L. monocytogenes escaped from a noncanonical autophagic process that targets damaged vacuoles.

228 functional mitochondria by a double-membrane autophagic process via lysosomal degradation called mito

229 radation of peroxisomes in an NBR1-dependent autophagic process.

230 , the roles of Atg8 homologs in noncanonical autophagic processes are not fully understood.

231 otential viral strategies to evade and adapt autophagic processes for successful pathogenesis.

232 host mutants to dissect the contribution of autophagic processes responsible for bacterial growth re

233 olved strategies to take advantage of select autophagic processes to undergo their intracellular life

234 , increases in osmolytes and upregulation of autophagic processes, likely through the target of rapam

235 lysosomal enzyme activity and disruption of autophagic processes.

236 hondrial induced apoptosis concomitant early autophagic processes.

237 ne-rich proteoglycan, initiates a protracted autophagic program downstream of VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2

238 zation of Beclin 1 and LC3, thereby reducing autophagic progression.

239 Here, we investigate the spatial control of autophagic proteasome turnover in budding yeast (Sacchar

240 d TGM2 promoted autophagic flux by enhancing autophagic protein degradation and autolysosome clearanc

241 is a vacuolar ATPase inhibitor that inhibits autophagic protein degradation, these results suggested

242 viously reported that activation of the host autophagic protein, Beclin1, by HIV-1 infection represen

243 of pro-apoptotic proteins (Bax and PUMA) and autophagic proteins (LC3-II and DRAM) that generally inc

244 FYCO1 colocalized at RVs with autophagic proteins such as MAP1LC3 and SQSTM1 in sIBM a

245 Removal of the PVM-associated autophagic proteins such as ubiquitin, p62, and LC3 corr

246 hibition, small interfering RNA knockdown of autophagic proteins, or suppression by food intake), rec

247 is associated with enhanced proteasomal and autophagic proteolytic pathway activities and is trigger

248 in this setting, a physiologic function for autophagic regulation of gene expression is tumour growt

249 Autophagic response dominates at low-to-moderate stress;

250 olysaccharide (LPS) administration decreased autophagic response in the liver of mice treated by shor

251 Mitophagy is an autophagic response that specifically targets damaged, a

252 oplasmic Ca(2+) level, which in turn governs autophagic response through an AMP-activated protein kin

253 frequency of SPG11 mutations, we studied the autophagic response to starvation in eight affected SPG1

254 ccharide exposure in the cytosol triggers an autophagic response.

255 Whether host autophagic responses and viral countermeasures play simi

256 ades, the molecular machinery that underlies autophagic responses has been characterized with ever in

257 Autophagic responses specific for damaged or superfluous

258 EGFR blocking with cetuximab leads to varied autophagic responses, which modulate cancer cell suscept

259 , assisted by Golgi fragmentation, initiated autophagic responses.

260 tophagy in mutant human APP neurons augments autophagic retention of BACE1 in distal axons, leading t

261 conditions or by inhibiting their downstream autophagic signalling after caspase-mediated cleavage.

262 in response to macroautophagic or selective autophagic stimuli, including parkin-dependent mitophagy

263 east partly dependent upon the nature of the autophagic stimulus.

264 efective retrograde transport contributes to autophagic stress in AD axons.

265 sion confers sensitivity to cells undergoing autophagic stress independent of platinum resistance sta

266 s new mechanistic insight into AD-associated autophagic stress, thus establishing a foundation for am

267 tion of Snapin in mice causes AD-like axonal autophagic stress, whereas overexpressing Snapin in hAPP

268 Subsequently, Western blot for the autophagic structure LC3-I and LC3-II (microtubule-assoc

269 e phospho-Src away from focal adhesions into autophagic structures that cancer cells use to survive a

270 M1) is a multifunctional adaptor protein and autophagic substrate that accumulates in cells with hype

271 mino acid motif in the cargo protein for its autophagic targeting.

272 he VDR by vitamin D induces autophagy and an autophagic transcriptional signature in BC cells that co

273 receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4) mediates the autophagic turnover of ferritin.

274 Autophagic turnover of mitochondria, termed mitophagy, i

275 for the conserved sorting nexin Snx4 in the autophagic turnover of proteasomes and several other lar

276 asomes at least partially disassemble before autophagic turnover, whereas cytoplasmic proteasomes rem

277 tracellular Ca(2+) responses, 4) cytoplasmic autophagic vacuole formation, and 5) protease activation

278 Moreover, we reveal that autophagic vacuole-associated BACE1 is accumulated in th

279 d in increased lipid droplets (LDs), reduced autophagic vacuoles (AVs) and less LC3B puncta.

280 ce unique challenges of transporting nascent autophagic vacuoles (AVs) from distal axons toward the s

281 ophagy pathway and co-migrates robustly with autophagic vacuoles along axons.

282 logic doses induced formation of cytoplasmic autophagic vacuoles and activation of proteases (trypsin

283 ion, resulting in downstream accumulation of autophagic vacuoles and autolysosomes.

284 clei, abnormal glycogen storage, presence of autophagic vacuoles and secondary mitochondrial abnormal

285 occurred as a consequence of its entry into autophagic vacuoles and was blocked by lysosomal catheps

286 ECD tissues displayed an increased number of autophagic vacuoles containing degenerated and swollen m

287 analysis revealed age-dependent increases of autophagic vacuoles in the SNpc of LRRK(-/-) mice before

288 Moreover, the virus hijacks the autophagic vacuoles to mature in an acidic environment a

289 al compartments, progressive accumulation of autophagic vacuoles, and lysosomal dysfunction.

290 MAP1LC3 protein to lipids, thus controlling autophagic vesicle formation and expansion.

291 Depletion of ATG5, which is essential for autophagic vesicle formation, rescued the loss of viabil

292 ts targeting to mitochondria and potentiates autophagic vesicle synthesis.

293 phagy, suggesting a link between chorein and autophagic vesicle trafficking in erythroid maturation.

294 Autophagic vesicles and more procollagen I molecules wer

295 em-tagged Atg8/LGG-1 reporter, we quantified autophagic vesicles and performed autophagic flux assays

296 deficient in FoxO3 contain lower numbers of autophagic vesicles per cell.

297 In addition L213P enhances the formation of autophagic vesicles triggering an increase in the autoph

298 nt mice with AD-like pathology have abundant autophagic vesicles, as do TREM2-deficient macrophages u

299 ng sequestration in double- or multimembrane autophagic vesicles, the cargo is delivered to lysosomes

300 on of a Toll 7-like-receptor associated with autophagic viral defense (Am18w).