ライフサイエンスコーパス: axon

1 nal inserts were sorted efficiently into the axon.

2 tein levels to the transport capacity of the axon.

3 patial specificity to either the soma or the axon.

4 phila ensheathing glia responding to severed axons.

5 ezing force on the microtubule bundle of the axons.

6 ction in the regrowth lengths of the severed axons.

7 cal connectivity, and bundling of long-range axons.

8 with a lower propensity in dendrites than in axons.

9 ve membrane in active communication with the axons.

10 reversed by extra-axonal reduction in Wld(S) axons.

11 cytoplasm into the most proximal segments of axons.

12 ates robustly with autophagic vacuoles along axons.

13 weat glands, and arrector pili that engulfed axons.

14 myelinated mouse spinal cord and remyelinate axons.

15 rization contributes to their maintenance in axons.

16 -A-Fc failed to inhibit growth of lizard RGC axons.

17 ing of how mitochondria properly localize in axons.

18 stem and have to travel long distances along axons.

19 nt matrix enriched with the ALDH1A1-negative axons.

20 , associated with sprouting of corticospinal axons.

21 translation of specific mRNAs in developing axons.

22 neural activity read-out in peripheral nerve axons.

23 lower radiant exposures than large-diameter axons.

24 drites than the development of the 1D MPS in axons.

25 ral and central branches of their bifurcated axons.

26 and their transcripts are translocated into axons.

27 al degeneration of large-diameter myelinated axons.

28 w features of AP propagation in unmyelinated axons: (1) branches of a single axonal arborization have

29 To visualize TRPV1-lineage axons, a genetically engineered mouse model was used in

30 support a model in which FGFs, possibly from axons, activate FGFR2 in the oligodendrocyte/myelin comp

31 Local mRNA translation in growing axons allows for rapid and precise regulation of protein

32 domized turning of post-crossing commissural axons along the anterior-posterior (A-P) axis.

33 of both sexes and found that, in myelinated axons, alphaII spectrin forms a periodic cytoskeleton wi

34 t, highly differentiated domains such as the axon and dendrites.

35 nerves depend on extrinsic signals from the axon and from the extracellular matrix to first sort and

36 matrix to first sort and ensheathe a single axon and then myelinate it.

37 geting IGF-1 receptor were unable to form an axon and, therefore, neuron polarity was absent.

38 ade transport regulates BACE1 trafficking in axons and APP processing at presynaptic terminals.

39 ndoplasmic reticulum (ER) extends throughout axons and axonal ER dysfunction is implicated in numerou

40 mechanisms regulating BACE1 distribution in axons and beta cleavage of APP at synapses remain largel

41 The efficient transport of cargoes within axons and dendrites is critical for neuronal function.

42 ch other through synaptic connection between axons and dendrites, therefore the neuronal connectivity

43 ytoplasmic dynein efficiently navigates both axons and dendrites; in both compartments, dynamic micro

44 s 1D MPS structure was initially observed in axons and exists extensively in axons, spanning nearly t

45 ers, which are characterized by unmyelinated axons and perisynaptic astroglial envelopes.

46 DCS polarizes afferent axons and postsynaptic neurons, boosting cooperativity b

47 generally been thought to be transported to axons and presynaptic terminals where they signal via Er

48 ntra-axonal disulfide reduction in wild-type axons and reversed by extra-axonal reduction in Wld(S) a

49 e.Effective bidirectional signalling between axons and Schwann cells is essential for both the develo

50 creased the caliber of normally unmyelinated axons and the expression of numerous genes encoding regu

51 analyze activity-driven adaptations to both axons and their myelin sheaths to fully understand how m

52 ayed in Wallerian degeneration slow (Wld(S)) axons and this phenotype could be reproduced by intra-ax

53 nd functional compartments targeted by their axons, and identify two neuron classes.

54 bstantial information that reveals GC somas, axons, and other retinal neurons and permits their quant

55 It has long been known that neuronal axons are contractile.

56 t neurons with only ipsilaterally projecting axons are glutamatergic, whereas neurons with only contr

57 In mammals, thalamic axons are guided internally toward their neocortical tar

58 neurons with only contralaterally projecting axons are largely GABAergic.

59 c degeneration mechanisms to determine which axons are maintained or degenerated [5-7].

60 Axons are neuronal processes specialized for conduction

61 functional axogenesis by proper extension of axon as well as the formation of AIS during the early st

62 quires regulated elongation and branching of axons, as well as the formation of synapses between neur

63 nt of approximately 30% of myelinated spinal axons at injury epicenter 3 months after SCI, demonstrat

64 tively and reversibly inhibit small-diameter axons at lower radiant exposures than large-diameter axo

65 ted in Wallerian axon degeneration; instead, axon autonomous, intrinsic mechanisms are thought to be

66 How does such axon-axon interaction affect the resulting axonal trajec

67 ate the cross-talk between Schwann cells and axons, because expected changes in neuregulin levels and

68 Transportation into axons becomes selective with maturation; we hypothesized

69 Cytoskeletal proteins of the axon (betaIV spectrin, ankyrin G) exhibit a high degree

70 rain network represents neurons as nodes and axons between neurons as edges.

71 Single spinal afferent axons bifurcated many times upon entering the bladder an

72 thologic retrograde sprouting of mossy fiber axons, both hallmarks of temporal lobe epilepsy.

73 ted to the soma, the primary neurite and the axon branch.

74 We further reveal the prevalence of axon bulging in the brain cortex in vivo after mild comp

75 e have intact nociception and small-diameter axons, but severe ataxia due to preferential degeneratio

76 y of nodal betaIV spectrin is constant among axons, but the density of nodal alphaII spectrin increas

77 transplanted cells successfully remyelinate axons, but unfortunately they do not migrate far and so

78 ite matter, primarily composed of myelinated axons, can also be dynamically regulated by activity of

79 Injury to RGC axons causes a burst of intracellular superoxide, which

80 similar to that of STN neurons without local axon collaterals and more generally to that of classical

81 Moreover, optogenetic stimulation of axon collaterals of double-projecting vCA1 neurons induc

82 fered from that of STN neurons without local axon collaterals.

83 n distribution of mRNAs in the cell body and axon compartments of peripheral sensory neurons and the

84 GDNF and NGF increased the motor and sensory axon content, respectively.

85 We show, for the first time, that dopamine axons continue to grow from the striatum to the PFC duri

86 A portion of these axons converge on a small fraction of striosome compartm

87 inputs: abducens internuclear neurons, whose axons course through the medial longitudinal fasciculus

88 zones in the optic tracts without impairing axon crossing.

89 axed mutants suppress axon death in several types of axons for the lifespan of

90 eover, the model reveals that lower rates of axon degeneration and more rapid remyelination make rela

91 y a Bclw-IP3R1-dependent cascade that causes axon degeneration and suggest that Bclw-mimetics could p

92 on the roles of local protein synthesis and axon degeneration in ALS and can serve as a possible tar

93 Axon degeneration is a hallmark of neurodegenerative dis

94 Axon degeneration is an early event and pathological in

95 The mechanism of axon degeneration is incompletely understood.

96 persist as maladaptive features, leading to axon degeneration.

97 eptors have not been implicated in Wallerian axon degeneration; instead, axon autonomous, intrinsic m

98 This debilitating morbidity is attributed to axon demyelination resulting from direct interaction of

99 prae but by infected macrophages that patrol axons; demyelination occurs in areas of intimate contact

100 mice (of both sexes), that corticotrigeminal axons densely innervate SpVc, where they target and dire

101 rs of different axon subtypes, determined by axon diameter, were analyzed across peripheral DCNs from

102 ity of nodal alphaII spectrin increases with axon diameter.

103 ht to be the primary driver for this type of axon disintegration [8-10].

104 times are short, but layer 6 corticothalamic axons display an enormous range of conduction times, som

105 otemporal dynamics of RNA and LPS in retinal axons during arborization in vivo.

106 mice specifically reveal the direct pathway axons during development.

107 mouse olfactory epithelia, we observed that axons dynamically interact with each other through their

108 Three hundred fifty thousand axons emerge from the spinal cord to innervate the human

109 Axons emerged early from grafts in very high numbers, an

110 bsence of aFGF+ChABC fewer catecholaminergic axons entered the graft, no axons exited, and Schwann ce

111 e-mediated endothelial NRP1 ablation induced axon exclusion zones in the optic tracts without impairi

112 The injured axons exhibited enrichment of mRNAs related to protein s

113 atecholaminergic axons entered the graft, no axons exited, and Schwann cells and astrocytes failed to

114 ents of mitochondria in primary motor neuron axons expressing wild type and mutant Hsp27.

115 were up-regulated and negative regulation of axon extension processes were down-regulated at 3 h.

116 organized, multilayered thin film around the axon fibers.

117 tsynaptic membrane polarization and afferent axon fibre polarization, which boosts cooperativity betw

118 ants suppress axon death in several types of axons for the lifespan of the fly and block the pro-dege

119 e projecting neurons of the retina and their axons form the optic nerve.

120 Axons from Bar(CRH) neurons project to the lumbosacral s

121 rnate with polylysine-(Plys)-only lanes, RGC axons from goldfish, zebrafish, and chick retinal explan

122 xhibit differential effects on the growth of axons from retinal explants derived from different quadr

123 ived hormone leptin stimulates the growth of axons from the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARH)

124 This reveals a new aspect of axon-glia interactions, with Schwann cell lipid metaboli

125 iking of pre-OLs is an integral component of axon-glial communication and is required for the functio

126 and maturation of OLs to promote myelination.Axon-glial communication is important for myelination.

127 his review, we consider recent insights into axon-glial interactions during development and disease t

128 e rat sciatic nerve quadrupled the number of axons growing into a lesion epicenter in spinal cord aft

129 This enables them to control axon growth and guidance with remarkable specificity, bu

130 Like axon growth and guidance, formation of collateral branch

131 been characterized in the larger context of axon growth and guidance.

132 Therapies that stimulate axon growth are needed to repair CNS damage.

133 development depends on the proper balance of axon growth cone attractive and repellent cues leading a

134 Our results implicate impaired axon growth in the pathogenesis of AS and identify nonin

135 3-3 protein-protein interactions, stimulates axon growth in vitro and regeneration in vivo.

136 ynthesis and induction of bdnf, ngf, and the axon growth promoter semaphorin 7a (sema7a), and as a co

137 Here, we found that knock-down of KLF9, an axon growth suppressor that is normally upregulated 250-

138 s of Nogo-A-Fc, KT5720 caused restriction of axon growth to areas devoid of Nogo-A-Fc.

139 by blood depressing substance II suppresses axon growth via an increase in the amplitude and frequen

140 nectivity requires neuronal differentiation, axon growth, and precise target innervation.

141 uncover a retrograde extension mechanism for axon growth, and reveal the aetiology of axon-guidance d

142 ort the survival of injured neurons, promote axon growth, remove myelin-associated growth inhibitors,

143 ells, and callosal projection neurons during axon growth.

144 The involvement of PPFIA4 and SH3PXD2A in axon guidance also suggested a role in disease pathogene

145 the microarray dataset showed enrichment in axon guidance and actin cytoskeleton signalling pathways

146 showed that overexpression of this repulsive axon guidance and cell patterning cue models the behavio

147 pathway genes, but also in genes involved in axon guidance and cytoskeletal remodeling.

148 what they have taught us about mechanisms of axon guidance and selective vulnerability.

149 evelopment defects in stereotyped left/right axon guidance choices within the GABAergic motor neuron

150 ns in hypodermal seam cells that secrete the axon guidance cue UNC-129/BMP, and our data revealed tha

151 cal endocytic events involving receptors for axon guidance cues play a central role in controlling gr

152 nge can map to neural circuit patterning and axon guidance decisions during development.

153 lpain regulation of growth cone motility and axon guidance during neuronal development.

154 o in mouse and chick resulted in commissural axon guidance errors.

155 that was first identified 20 years ago as an axon guidance molecule that regulates midline crossing i

156 -124 regulates Smed-slit-1, which encodes an axon guidance protein, either by targeting slit-1 mRNA o

157 calcium (Ca(2+)) is an essential signal for axon guidance that mediates opposing effects on growth c

158 he precise regulation of neuronal migration, axon guidance, and dendritic arborization.

159 glycan is critical for the proper migration, axon guidance, and dendritic stratification of neurons i

160 leased guidance molecule that is involved in axon guidance, cell patterning, and cell survival.

161 lly synthesized for functional roles such as axon guidance, injury signaling and regeneration.

162 trin and Semaphorin in pioneer- and follower-axon guidance, respectively, and for glial and pioneer-n

163 0.05], such as KEGG FOCAL ADHESION and KEGG AXON GUIDANCE, which had been demonstrated to be involve

164 assembly, cellular remodeling, and repulsive axon guidance.

165 igand-receptor pair that is central to motor axon guidance.

166 for axon growth, and reveal the aetiology of axon-guidance defects in sax-3/Robo and vab-1/EphR mutan

167 Although action potentials propagate along axons in an all-or-none manner, subthreshold membrane po

168 Axons in BMMC-treated rats exhibited a more conserved mo

169 to determine the nature of these descending axons in order to infer circuit mechanisms of signal pro

170 parations was conveyed to central ganglia by axons in the anterior- and lateral-dorsal nerve branches

171 o which retinal ganglion cells project their axons in the chick.

172 Sprouting of spared corticospinal tract axons in the contralesional spinal cord makes a signific

173 sess large myelinated and small unmyelinated axons in the db/db type II diabetes mouse model.

174 he paranode and juxtaparanode) of myelinated axons in the pathology of acquired, inflammatory, periph

175 field correspond with the positions of their axons in the target field.

176 ot migrate far and so remyelinate only a few axons in the vicinity of the transplant site.

177 ht, enabling nanoscale imaging of myelinated axons in their natural living state.

178 of 3'UTRs was more prevalent in the injured axons, including the newly discovered alternative cleava

179 nodal architecture, and other components of axon infrastructure is a potential mediator of pathophys

180 ng assembly of excitable domains such as the axon initial segment (AIS) and nodes of Ranvier.

181 The axon initial segment (AIS) is the site of initiation of

182 Ankyrin G is mainly expressed at the axon initial segment (AIS).

183 axons of chandelier cells (ChCs) target the axon initial segment of pyramidal neurons, forming an ar

184 se spectrins also participate in assembly of axon initial segments (AISs) and nodes of Ranvier, it is

185 J-SCHIP1 is a cytoplasmic protein present in axon initial segments and nodes of Ranvier.

186 oreactivity is lower, whereas the density of axon initial segments detectable by immunoreactivity for

187 racts with AnkG and is absent from nodes and axon initial segments of betaIV-spectrin and AnkG mutant

188 IT2 at sciatic nerve nodes of Ranvier and in axon initial segments, and form channel-transporter comp

189 Following peripheral axon injury, dysregulation of non-coding microRNAs (miRs

190 icult to uncouple their roles in maintaining axon integrity from their functions at AIS and nodes.

191 ieving targeted reconnection, as a regrowing axon is able to recognize and fuse with its own detached

192 Mitochondrial transport in axons is critical for neural circuit health and function

193 Myelin around axons is currently widely studied by structural analyses

194 This transit in axons is essential for alphaherpesviruses to establish l

195 cy selectivity of individual thalamocortical axons is surprisingly heterogeneous, even in layers 3b/4

196 the role of local translation in mature CNS axons is unknown.

197 s may also be mediated by alterations to the axon itself.

198 cal recordings show that Sema-1a-dependent R axon lamination is required for preventing the spread of

199 uning of conduction along already-myelinated axons may also be mediated by alterations to the axon it

200 As different combinations of presynaptic axons may be active during consecutive cycles of sound s

201 Local protein synthesis in mature axons may play a role in synaptic plasticity, axonal arb

202 coarse-grain molecular dynamics model of the axon membrane skeleton that reproduces the structure ide

203 The abnormal axon morphology and mitochondrial retrograde transport d

204 lished that nascent autophagosomes in distal axons move predominantly in the retrograde direction tow

205 exhibited unusual structural adaptations in axon myelination for increased conduction velocity.

206 pioneer-neuron Flamingo (CELSR) in follower-axon navigation.

207 ially within the specialized architecture of axons.-Neverisky, D.

208 odel replicates activity in the unmyelinated axon of the crustacean stomatogastric pyloric dilator ne

209 The axons of chandelier cells (ChCs) target the axon initial

210 were present exclusively in fast conducting axons of gerbils that also exhibited unusual structural

211 The axons of graft-derived neurons formed a plexus in the ci

212 n DGCs arise in the epileptic brain, whereas axons of interneurons and pyramidal cells in CA1 appear

213 ulation of Nogo-A and NgR in cell bodies and axons of RGCs during ontogeny.

214 Here, we show that TDP-43 RNP granules in axons of rodent primary cortical neurons display liquid-

215 performed to differentiate motor and sensory axons on nerve cross sections.

216 motor proteins to cargo in real time within axons or dendrites in hippocampal neurons.

217 rtantly, we found that tau knockdown reduced axon outgrowth and growth cone turning in Wnt5a gradient

218 on remodeling in the growth cone (GC) during axon outgrowth and pathfinding.

219 opographic mapping without affecting time of axon outgrowth and that time of axon outgrowth directs t

220 ting time of axon outgrowth and that time of axon outgrowth directs topographic mapping without affec

221 the brain, is required for netrin-1-mediated axon outgrowth, branching, and attraction.

222 nts, which control the rate and direction of axon outgrowth.

223 ern consistent with a role in regulating RGC axon outgrowth.

224 ons in Dscam (Dscam(del17) ; Dscam(2J)), RGC axons pathfind normally, but growth from the chiasm towa

225 ols cell migration, epithelial organization, axon patterning and other aspects of development.

226 To examine whether the structure of the axon plasma membrane determines its overall stiffness, w

227 n sheaths to fully understand how myelinated axon plasticity contributes to neuronal circuit formatio

228 serve the regeneration capabilities of their axons post-injury.

229 ons in the lateral vestibular nucleus, whose axons project through the ascending tract of Deiters (AT

230 xon repulsion in vitro and caused defects in axon projection of DRG toward the spinal cord in vivo Fu

231 ripheral nervous system (PNS), developmental axon pruning relies on receptor-mediated extrinsic degen

232 ets is impaired, resulting in a delay in RGC axons reaching the dorsal thalamus compared with that se

233 rther boosted optic nerve regeneration, with axons reaching the optic chiasm within 3 wk.

234 sue and myelin at 3-5 days after lesion when axons regenerate.

235 one directive molecules known for inhibiting axon regeneration after injury.

236 Implications of GSK3 activity for axon regeneration are often inconsistent, if not controv

237 emoved by active DNA demethylation to permit axon regeneration in the adult mammalian nervous system.

238 the presence of Nogo-A does not inhibit RGC axon regeneration in the lizard visual pathway.

239 lay a key role in spontaneous lizard retinal axon regeneration in the presence of Nogo-A.

240 Functionally, Tet3 is required for robust axon regeneration of DRG neurons and behavioral recovery

241 ole for active DNA demethylation in allowing axon regeneration to occur in the mature nervous system

242 roglia depletion, spontaneous and LI-induced axon regeneration were unaffected by PLX5622 treatment o

243 While traditionally viewed as a barrier to axon regeneration, beneficial functions of the glial sca

244 phases of nerve repair, resulting in slowed axon regeneration, cutaneous reinnervation, and function

245 reconcile conflicting data on GSK3-mediated axon regeneration.

246 al activation, with very limited spontaneous axon regeneration.

247 d upregulated in oligodendrocytes during RGC axon regeneration.

248 this species we investigated the process of axon regrowth and nerve regeneration after complete tran

249 Indeed, optogenetic stimulation of PPN axons reliably evoked spiking in SNc dopaminergic neuron

250 The prolonged growth of dopamine axons represents an extraordinary period for experience

251 her TUBB3 or UNC5C blocked netrin-1-promoted axon repulsion in vitro and caused defects in axon proje

252 ns, is essential for netrin-1/UNC5C-promoted axon repulsion.

253 oinformatics, emerging ideas centered on the axon-Schwann cell relationship and associated bioenerget

254 to recognize and fuse with its own detached axon segment, thereby rapidly reestablishing the origina

255 iggered by assembly of actin filaments along axon shafts giving rise to filopodia.

256 g, we observed opposite dynamics in dopamine axon signals in the ventral striatum ('VS dopamine') and

257 observed in axons and exists extensively in axons, spanning nearly the entire axonal shaft of mature

258 To test this premise, the effects of axon-sparing lesions of the RMTg were assessed on LHb-in

259 The axon-spine interface (ASI) decreased 18% after sleep co

260 The numbers of different axon subtypes, determined by axon diameter, were analyze

261 oposed that axonal NMNAT2 primarily promotes axon survival by maintaining low levels of its substrate

262 adder and developed varicosities along their axon terminal endings.

263 ncode object motion retinotopically, but the axon terminals fuse into a glomerular structure in the c

264 ruit both GABA and GABA-A receptors to their axon terminals in the EB, and optogenetic stimulation co

265 e release from more than 13,000 bipolar cell axon terminals in the intact retina, we show that bipola

266 at the orexin neurons are heavily apposed by axon terminals of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons of

267 Using viral vectors taken up at axon terminals, we expressed chemogenetic actuators sele

268 l bodies and dendrites, as well as unlabeled axon terminals, which, in turn, form inhibitory-like syn

269 out how growth cone collapse occurs prior to axon termination in vivo Using the mechanosensory neuron

270 reveal several important findings about how axon termination is orchestrated: (1) RPM-1 functions in

271 ns of C. elegans, we found collapse prior to axon termination is protracted, with the growth cone tra

272 During the regenerative phase, only axons that fuse to their distal counterparts contribute

273 s over the next 7 d, as did large numbers of axons that were not present in controls.

274 increase the labile microtubule mass of the axon, thereby increasing axonal growth.

275 tion of Collagen XII, which is necessary for axons to actively navigate the non-neural lesion site en

276 rogressive decline in the ability of cut CNS axons to form a new growth cone and then elongate.

277 ted with a lengthening of incoming hindbrain axons to form delay lines, allowing for fine temporal an

278 tion after axonal injury requires transected axons to regrow and reestablish connection with their or

279 nula neurons, which project IL-18-containing axons to the interpeduncular nucleus.

280 h cone attractive and repellent cues leading axons to the midline and then directing them to the cont

281 ographically align ingrowing visual cortical axons to the retino-collicular map.

282 Guidance of axons to their proper synaptic target sites requires spa

283 ed growth inhibitors, and guide regenerating axons to their targets.

284 ion to show that infected macrophages patrol axons to trigger mitochondrial damage and induce demyeli

285 ascent autophagic vacuoles (AVs) from distal axons toward the soma, where mature lysosomes are mainly

286 ng the growth of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons toward visual targets remain largely unknown.

287 ion of Nogo-A was associated with myelinated axon tracts and upregulated in oligodendrocytes during R

288 Axons traveling within the brachial plexus are responsib

289 ndings, DR6(-/-) animals displayed preserved axons up to 4 weeks after injury.

290 ed calcium signals in mammalian tibial nerve axons using an in vitro mouse model with a dextran-conju

291 bly initiation, guiding pioneer and follower axons using distinct signals.

292 e spinal cord and myelinate peripheral motor axons, we assayed perineurial glial development, maturat

293 ttraction causes bundles to appear, while if axons weakly repulse each other their trajectories diver

294 ation and directional guidance of developing axons, while in adult tissues they aid in wound healing

295 Growth cones are the motile tips of growing axons whose guidance behaviors require interaction of th

296 ls arriving onto the dendrite closest to the axon will generate greater CGC excitation.

297 igodendrocytes initiate wrapping of neuronal axons with a multilamellar lipid structure called myelin

298 Highly specialized glial cells wrap axons with a multilayered myelin membrane in vertebrates

299 erves, we also show that thinly remyelinated axons with short internodes persist for over the course

300 Notably, we find that axons within the WM pathways of AS model mice are abnorm