ライフサイエンスコーパス: axon initial segment

1 zes with TRPV1 and Ca(V) 1.2 in the soma and axon initial segment.

2 was enriched in a region that resembled the axon initial segment.

3 action potential initiation occurring in the axon initial segment.

4 nt pulse or synaptic input, initiated in the axon initial segment.

5 ntaining potassium channels localized to the axon initial segment.

6 inputs on the transmembrane potential at the axon initial segment.

7 required to target virion components to the axon initial segment.

8 dy, at the base of the dendrites, and in the axon initial segment.

9 ate ectopic APs in regions distinct from the axon initial segment.

10 cision of action potentials initiated in the axon initial segment.

11 generation through GABAergic synapses on the axon initial segment.

12 ically distinct from those of the NPC or the axon initial segment.

13 at epithelial lateral membranes and neuronal axon initial segments.

14 synapses onto soma, proximal dendrites, and axon initial segments.

15 ic inhibitory terminals to granule cells and axon initial segments.

16 nnels, and the spectrin membrane skeleton at axon initial segments.

17 ceptors at inhibitory synapses on somata and axon initial segments.

18 with neurofascin at nodes of Ranvier and at axon initial segments.

19 These domains include nodes of Ranvier and axon initial segments.

20 ated Na(+) (Nav) channels at Purkinje neuron axon initial segments.

21 is required for Na(+) channel clustering at axon initial segments.

22 rons, using immunohistochemical detection of axon initial segments.

23 ng epithelial lateral membranes and neuronal axon initial segments.

24 dritic spines (44%), shafts (39%), or somata/axon initial segments (17%) of pyramidal neurons.

25 dendrites (22%), dendritic spines (17%), and axon initial segments (5%).

26 lved a motif that allowed them to cluster at axon initial segments, 50 million years later with the e

27 Here, we demonstrate that the size of the axon initial segment, a subcellular compartment responsi

28 ation, we visualized the 3D structure of the axon initial segment (AIS) along with the entire somatod

29 nfluences the structural organization of the axon initial segment (AIS) and action potential initiati

30 s markedly reduced Nav channel levels at the axon initial segment (AIS) and along entire axons, there

31 on potentials conventionally initiate at the axon initial segment (AIS) and are important for neuron

32 channels Kv7.2 and Kv7.3 are located at the axon initial segment (AIS) and exert strong control over

33 of string-like microtubule fascicles in the axon initial segment (AIS) and hexagonal bundles in neur

34 UNC-16 inhibits organelles from escaping the axon initial segment (AIS) and moving to the distal syna

35 The axon initial segment (AIS) and nodes of Ranvier are the

36 potassium channel conductance at the distal axon initial segment (AIS) and nodes of Ranvier in a rat

37 ring of voltage-gated sodium channels at the axon initial segment (AIS) and nodes of Ranvier is essen

38 ng assembly of excitable domains such as the axon initial segment (AIS) and nodes of Ranvier.

39 on of neuronal output through changes at the axon initial segment (AIS) and presynaptic terminals.

40 nd basket cells (PVBCs), which innervate the axon initial segment (AIS) and soma/proximal dendrites o

41 a(v)1.6, the primary instigator of AP at the axon initial segment (AIS) and the main carrier of I(NaP

42 n collaterals synapse onto the Purkinje soma/axon initial segment (AIS) area to form specialized stru

43 ials (APs) initiate in the distal portion of axon initial segment (AIS) because that is where Na(+) c

44 tential (AP) generation in both the soma and axon initial segment (AIS) by reducing Kv7/KCNQ channel

45 ersible, and preferential proteolysis of the axon initial segment (AIS) cytoskeleton independently of

46 In mammalian neurons, the axon initial segment (AIS) electrically connects the som

47 The axon initial segment (AIS) functions as both a physiolog

48 A) receptor (GABA(A)R) clustering within the axon initial segment (AIS) in low-density cultures of hi

49 The axon initial segment (AIS) is a highly specialized neuro

50 The axon initial segment (AIS) is a specialized neuronal sub

51 In neurons, the axon initial segment (AIS) is a specialized region near

52 The axon initial segment (AIS) is a specialized structure ne

53 The axon initial segment (AIS) is a structurally and molecul

54 The axon initial segment (AIS) is a structure at the start o

55 sodium channels (VGSCs) within the neuronal axon initial segment (AIS) is critical for efficient act

56 The axon initial segment (AIS) is critical for the initiatio

57 The axon initial segment (AIS) is enriched in specific adapt

58 The axon initial segment (AIS) is required for generating ac

59 The axon initial segment (AIS) is the site of action potenti

60 The axon initial segment (AIS) is the site of initiation of

61 The axon initial segment (AIS) is the specialized compartmen

62 lings of dendritic shafts and disruptions in axon initial segment (AIS) morphology.

63 The axon initial segment (AIS) of differentiated neurons reg

64 f chandelier cells exclusively innervate the axon initial segment (AIS) of excitatory neurons.

65 m, basket cells (BCs) innervate the soma and axon initial segment (AIS) of Purkinje cells (PCs) to fo

66 delier class of cortical interneurons to the axon initial segment (AIS) of pyramidal neurons undergo

67 ures (termed cartridges) that synapse at the axon initial segment (AIS) of pyramidal neurons.

68 l pattern of Na(+) channel clustering in the axon initial segment (AIS) plays a critical role in tuni

69 The axon initial segment (AIS) plays a key role in initiatio

70 The axon initial segment (AIS) serves as the site of action

71 voltage-gated K(+) (Kv) channels through the axon initial segment (AIS) via direct binding.

72 sodium channels (VGSCs) are enriched in the axon initial segment (AIS) where they bind to ankyrin-G

73 The action potential generally begins in the axon initial segment (AIS), a principle confirmed by 60

74 Action potentials initiate in the axon initial segment (AIS), a specialized compartment en

75 focal activation of 5-HT1A receptors at the axon initial segment (AIS), but not on other motoneurona

76 diffusion barrier (TDB), located within the axon initial segment (AIS), controls retrograde (axon-to

77 ll "pinceau," encapsulates the Purkinje cell axon initial segment (AIS), exerting final inhibitory co

78 ed at presynaptic terminals, but also in the axon initial segment (AIS), suggesting a potentially imp

79 pecifically associates and overlaps with the axon initial segment (AIS), the site where action potent

80 on potentials are typically generated in the axon initial segment (AIS), the timing and pattern of ac

81 for the case of distal AP initiation in the axon initial segment (AIS), typical for cortical neurons

82 ) are usually assumed to be generated in the axon initial segment (AIS), we analyzed anatomical data

83 93, but not other MAGUKs, is enriched at the axon initial segment (AIS), where it colocalizes with Kv

84 s, elicit homeostatic plastic changes in the axon initial segment (AIS), which is pivotal for spike g

85 The assembly of the axon initial segment (AIS), which is the hallmark of ear

86 e, we show that NaV1.1 is concentrated in an axon initial segment (AIS)-like region of magnocellular

87 odes ankyrin-G, which organizes the neuronal axon initial segment (AIS).

88 hippocampal neurons, with enrichment at the axon initial segment (AIS).

89 K+ channels that are highly enriched at the axon initial segment (AIS).

90 axon extension and failed maturation of the axon initial segment (AIS).

91 Ankyrin G is mainly expressed at the axon initial segment (AIS).

92 to participate in ion channel clustering at axon initial segments (AIS) and nodes of Ranvier.

93 a(+) (voltage-gated Na(+) [Nav]) channels at axon initial segments (AIS) and nodes of Ranvier.

94 ated axons require ion channel clustering at axon initial segments (AIS) and nodes of Ranvier.

95 Nav beta1 was enriched at axon initial segments (AIS) and nodes of Ranvier.

96 The proportion of axon initial segments (AIS) expressing Na(v)1.6 is reduc

97 bcellular domains (i.e., dendrite, soma, and axon initial segment-AIS), thereby differentially regula

98 t colocalizes with and binds to ankyrin-G at axon initial segments (AISs) and nodes of Ranvier (NR).

99 High densities of ion channels at axon initial segments (AISs) and nodes of Ranvier are re

100 Axon initial segments (AISs) and nodes of Ranvier are si

101 Axon initial segments (AISs) and nodes of Ranvier are si

102 se spectrins also participate in assembly of axon initial segments (AISs) and nodes of Ranvier, it is

103 Na(v)1.2 and Na(v)1.6 are highly enriched at axon initial segments (AISs) and nodes of Ranvier, where

104 n cortical regions selectively innervate the axon initial segments (AISs) of principal cells (PCs), w

105 rinG (ankG) is highly enriched in neurons at axon initial segments (AISs) where it clusters Na(+) and

106 s previously established in erythrocytes and axon initial segments also occurs in neonatal cardiomyoc

107 The axon initial segment and all the molecular components th

108 voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) at the axon initial segment and for neurons to initiate action

109 firing emerges in the axons remote from the axon initial segment and markedly depends on hyperpolari

110 Although action potentials initiate in the axon initial segment and Na(V) channels are distributed

111 The presence of CK2 at the axon initial segment and nodes of Ranvier provides a mec

112 At the axon initial segment and nodes of Ranvier, where nerve i

113 otentials and are mostly concentrated in the axon initial segment and nodes of Ranvier.

114 relative extent of accumulation between the axon initial segment and soma and dendrites.

115 with the conclusions that in STN neurons the axon initial segment and soma express an excess of Na(v)

116 However, axon initial segment and somatic but not dendritic or mo

117 ncreased within the distal two-thirds of the axon initial segment and was mirrored by the conductance

118 adhesion molecules, and beta IV spectrin to axon initial segments and are believed to couple the Na/

119 g the third FNIII domain was concentrated at axon initial segments and colocalized at nodes of Ranvie

120 ceptors at inhibitory synaptic sites on both axon initial segments and dendrites in a mechanism depen

121 ntial for clustering NaCh and neurofascin at axon initial segments and is required for physiological

122 was also seen within the cytoplasm of a few axon initial segments and many small unmyelinated axons.

123 sodium channels localize at high density in axon initial segments and nodes of Ranvier in myelinated

124 targets ion channels and adapter proteins to axon initial segments and nodes of Ranvier in neurons, a

125 acity to both remyelinate and reassemble the axon initial segments and nodes of Ranvier necessary for

126 The IQCJ-SCHIP1 isoform is a component of axon initial segments and nodes of Ranvier of mature axo

127 um contained autoantibodies directed against axon initial segments and nodes of Ranvier of myelinated

128 ocalizing sodium channels in high density at axon initial segments and nodes of Ranvier or in regulat

129 KCNQ2 channels are functional components of axon initial segments and nodes of Ranvier, colocalizing

130 -gated Na(+) channels that are restricted to axon initial segments and nodes of Ranvier, where they a

131 J-SCHIP1 is a cytoplasmic protein present in axon initial segments and nodes of Ranvier.

132 it colocalizes with ankyrin(G) 480/270-kD at axon initial segments and nodes of Ranvier.

133 the cytomatrix beneath the plasmamembrane of axon initial segments and nodes of Ranvier.

134 ocalized at the plasma membrane of the soma, axon initial segment, and small fibers.

135 hin distal dendrites, most dendritic spines, axon initial segments, and axon terminals forming asymme

136 was then used to locate recorded cell somas, axon initial segments, and axon trajectories, and these

137 ility at juxtaparanodes of myelinated axons, axon initial segments, and cerebellar basket cell termin

138 rminals form symmetric synapses with somata, axon initial segments, and dendrites of granule and pyra

139 IT2 at sciatic nerve nodes of Ranvier and in axon initial segments, and form channel-transporter comp

140 axonic interneurons, innervating exclusively axon initial segments, and parvalbumin-expressing basket

141 roscopy that lipid-anchored molecules in the axon initial segment are confined to membrane domains se

142 The organization of inhibitory inputs to the axon initial segment are of particular interest because

143 Synapses on axon initial segments are morphologically heterogeneous,

144 orresponded most closely to the unmyelinated axon initial segment, as defined by Golgi and ankyrin G

145 educes Na(v) alpha subunit expression at the axon initial segment, attenuates Na(v) channel currents,

146 A cable model of a neuron including an axon, initial segment, axon hillock, soma, and simplifie

147 authors show that a diffusion barrier in the axon initial segment blocks the diffusion of lipids.

148 Ankyrin-G and betaIV spectrin appear at axon initial segments by postnatal day 2, whereas L1 CAM

149 In auditory brainstem interneurons, axon initial segment Ca(2+) influx is selectively downre

150 s to specialized membrane domains, including axon initial segments, cardiomyocyte T-tubules, and epit

151 the perisomatic region, with no influence on axon-initial segment clustering.

152 been reported for the Na(+) currents of the axon initial segment compared with somatic Na(+) channel

153 s a role in assembling and maintaining other axon initial segment components.

154 the axon stopped at the proximal edge of the axon initial segment, defined by immunostaining for anky

155 oreactivity is lower, whereas the density of axon initial segments detectable by immunoreactivity for

156 but was dense in the proximal dendrites and axon initial segments emanating from these neurons.

157 yric acid (GABA)ergic "cartridge" endings on axon initial segments, few cholecystokinin (CCK)-positiv

158 t the initiation of action potentials in the axon initial segment followed by backpropagation of thes

159 The relative densities of the labeled axon initial segment in both the superficial and the dee

160 hat it may have properties like those of the axon initial segment in mammalian neurons.

161 Neurofascin localizes strongly to the axon initial segment in mature neurons, where it plays a

162 ncoded by action potentials generated at the axon initial segment in most neurons.

163 proper subcellular targeting of FGF12 to the axon initial segment in neurons.

164 ng protein required for the formation of the axon initial segment in neurons.

165 n a myelinating co-culture system and to the axon initial segment in primary hippocampal neurons, sug

166 neuronal cell bodies and is not detected at axon initial segments in the cortex or cerebellum or at

167 n of dendritic arbors, without disruption of axon initial segment integrity.

168 These results demonstrate that the axon initial segment is a critical decision point in Pur

169 Thus, the axon initial segment is a key site, and dopamine a key r

170 The axon initial segment is a unique neuronal subregion invo

171 The axon initial segment is an excitable membrane highly enr

172 ecise arrangement of ion channels within the axon initial segment is likely an important determinant

173 In addition, we found that the axon initial segment is partly responsible for exclusion

174 e cells, and Nav channel localization to the axon initial segment is vital to action potential initia

175 ed sodium (Na(v)) channels accumulate at the axon initial segment (IS), where their high density supp

176 pe of the action potential (AP) onset at the axon initial segment; it is accelerated in neurons with

177 ed the densities and laminar distribution of axon initial segments labeled with an antibody against t

178 nal amplitude depression was greatest at the axon initial segment < 150 microm from the soma, and ini

179 of the membrane-skeletal protein ankyrinG at axon initial segments, nodes of Ranvier, and postsynapti

180 n, C70A 270-kDa AnkG fails to cluster at the axon initial segment of AnkG-depleted cultured hippocamp

181 Kv7.2 and Kv7.3 subunits are targeted to the axon initial segment of hippocampal neurons by associati

182 lity of FHFs to co-localize with Navs at the axon initial segment of hippocampal neurons.

183 calized to the soma, proximal dendrites, and axon initial segment of hippocampal neurons.

184 provide inhibitory input exclusively to the axon initial segment of pyramidal cells.

185 ost distinct interneurons that innervate the axon initial segment of pyramidal neurons and control ac

186 n mediated by gamma-aminobutyric acid at the axon initial segment of pyramidal neurons appears to be

187 axons of chandelier cells (ChCs) target the axon initial segment of pyramidal neurons, forming an ar

188 e how a cytoplasmic diffusion barrier in the axon initial segment of rat hippocampal neurons ensures

189 racts with AnkG and is absent from nodes and axon initial segments of betaIV-spectrin and AnkG mutant

190 terneurons, because they exclusively contact axon initial segments of cortical glutamatergic neurons.

191 utant mouse cerebella, NaCh were absent from axon initial segments of granule cell neurons, and Purki

192 ng showed that Kv2.2 was highly expressed in axon initial segments of MNTB neurons.

193 a highly stereotyped IN type that innervates axon initial segments of PNs and thus serves as a good m

194 of GABAergic interneurons that innervate the axon initial segments of pyramidal cells and thus could

195 of GABAergic interneurons that innervate the axon initial segments of pyramidal cells.

196 SOM axon terminals that were apposed to axon initial segments of pyramidal neurons lacked PV, wh

197 SOM boutons were found to be associated with axon initial segments of pyramidal neurons.

198 transport; staining was concentrated in the axon initial segments of these cells.

199 gths or numbers of myelin-positive segments, axon initial segments, or accumulations of phosphorylate

200 a3a leads to dysregulated alpha-motor neuron axon initial segment orientation, markedly abnormal syna

201 e site of action potential initiation in the axon initial segment play a pivotal role in spontaneous

202 ross talk between the dendritic tree and the axon initial segment, providing new understanding of neu

203 Whereas spike initiation at the axon initial segment relies on sodium channel (Nav)-asso

204 These cells target their axons either to the axon initial segment, somata, or proximal and distal den

205 trkB-IR was found in occasional interneuron axon initial segments, some axon terminals forming inhib

206 verse specialized membrane domains including axon initial segments, specialized sites at the transver

207 Labeling was strikingly dense within axon initial segments, suggesting extensive receptor tra

208 eficit of action potential initiation at the axon initial segment that was identified by analyzing ac

209 itiate action potentials, most likely in the axon initial segment, that then backpropagate with high

210 At the point of spike initiation, the axon initial segment, threshold variability is considera

211 llular redistribution of inhibition from the axon initial segment to other pyramidal cell domains, is

212 y assembled at continuous high density along axon initial segments until postnatal day 9.

213 We found axon initial segment utilizes a "waterfall" mechanism ga

214 ze and intensity of ankyrinG staining in the axon initial segment was significantly reduced.

215 f ankyrinG in directing NaCh localization to axon initial segments was evaluated by region-specific k

216 Because ankyrin G mainly resides at the axon initial segment, we propose that it may function as

217 ns with axons truncated within or beyond the axon initial segment were not significantly different.

218 Components of the axon initial segment were recruited to the lattice late

219 t sodium channels cluster at high density at axon initial segments, where propagating action potentia

220 00 detergent extraction from the hippocampal axon initial segment, whereas mutant beta2 subunits, whi

221 A striking feature is the axon initial segment which acts like a valve to tightly

222 ted CaV3.2 calcium channels localized to the axon initial segment, which suppressed action potential

223 The densities and laminar distribution of axon initial segments with 5-HT(1A)-like immunoreactivit

224 t practically all ChC axon terminals contact axon initial segments, with an average of three to five