ライフサイエンスコーパス: backcross

1 ons were identified using a three-generation backcross.

2 )) mice were generated and used at the ninth backcross.

3 information of any genotyping strategy in a backcross.

4 ective genotyping in the same manner as in a backcross.

5 ge effect sizes were found in two reciprocal backcrosses.

6 four different M. spretus by M. musculus F1 backcrosses.

7 lyzed recombinant inbred strains and linkage backcrosses.

8 e parental gene pools in advanced generation backcrosses.

9 n efficient method for genotyping progeny of backcrosses.

10 d skin cancer in NIH/Ola by SPRET/Outbred F1 backcrosses.

11 populations of gray wolves probably through backcrossing.

12 flow and introgression from one another via backcrossing.

13 er genetic loci without the need for lengthy backcrossing.

14 D) and spontaneous diabetes in NOD.RAG(-/-) (backcross 1 generation).

15 ion in perforin-deficient mice, we generated backcross 1 progeny by crossing (129 x B6)F(1) PKO mice

16 In transplantation experiments, >350 backcross 1 progeny were analyzed and displayed a great

17 1 TCR is sufficient to cause diabetes at NOD backcross 1, bypassing polygenic inhibition of insulitis

18 ed C57BL/6x129sv genetic background and then backcrossed 12 times onto the C57BL/6 background.

19 We developed this population by backcrossing 25 wild barley accessions to the six-rowed

20 more rapid LD decay than comparable advanced backcross (28.6 cM) and recombinant inbred line (32.3 cM

21 n the T cells of lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice by backcrossing a CD2-Foxj1 transgene against the MRL/lpr b

22 reference genome sequence, was derived from backcrossing a Phytophthora root rot resistance locus fr

23 By backcrossing a Slc11a1 knockout allele onto the NOD gene

24 TLR-9-deficient MRL mice were generated by backcrossing a TLR-9-deficient allele against the MRL ba

25 ecG1 line and of their segregation following backcross allowed us to build a model to explain how a n

26 These backcrosses also indicated that deleterious mutations ha

27 s underlying these clinical observations, we backcrossed an established psoriasiform mouse model (IL-

28 e inherited mA3 allele in a C57BL/6 x BALB/c backcross analysis.

29 Here, we present a quantitative genetic "backcross" analysis of sympatric Neochlamisus bebbianae

30 of allele-specific imbalances in tumors from backcross and congenic mice to refine the location of Sk

31 ftware for performing power calculations for backcross and F(2) intercross incorporating selective ge

32 Second, later generation (backcross and F(2)) hybrid male sterility between D. vir

33 forming a genetic modifier screen through F1 backcross and F1 intercross matings.

34 For this report, recombinant backcross and F2 progeny derived from C57BL/6J and AKR/J

35 ing MHC and non-MHC locations by analysis of backcross and intercross progeny.

36 olymorphic chromosomal regions following the backcross and single-seed descent generations of the bre

37 seful assays for genotyping on interspecific backcross and whole-genome radiation hybrid cell panels.

38 Backcrosses and F2 analyses indicated that the mutant ex

39 ree genomic QTL scans (two reciprocal worker backcrosses and one drone hybrid population) derived fro

40 A1cf and Ago2 mutant intercrosses but not in backcrosses and without fetal loss.

41 Backcrossing and complementation confirmed the importanc

42 t introgression strains produced by repeated backcrossing and phenotypic selection, we show that thes

43 ls Lymnaea stagnalis were self-fertilised or backcrossed, and the genotype of more than six thousand

44 indica (rice 9311), through multi-generation backcrossing, and generated a nearly isogenic, blight-re

45 A genome-wide linkage analysis of backcrossed animals with EAG revealed a major quantitati

46 as 2 loci unlinked to Vwf (Mvwf6-7) using a backcross approach with the inbred mouse strains WSB/EiJ

47 lthough significant lethality occurs in this backcross ( approximately 50%), differences in the level

48 oportions are expected to be similar for all backcrosses ( approximately (3/4) from one parental type

49 We show that hybridization and subsequent backcrosses are directionally biased and that the only l

50 e of two hybrid classes, F1s and var. incana backcrosses, as would be expected on a relatively young

51 A simulation experiment with 500 backcross (BC) individuals showed that the method can lo

52 Here, we have generated a backcross (BC) population (n = 166) where Crgn1 and Crgn

53 A reciprocal backcross (BC) population (total 2052 individuals) was g

54 A real data set of a backcross (BC) population from an interspecific hybrid b

55 A large backcross (BC)1 population derived from a cross between

56 ed into 91 (NODxB6.H2(g7))F1xB6.H2(g7) first-backcross (BC1) females.

57 We planted reciprocal backcross (BC1) hybrids along with pure-species plants i

58 e examined line crosses of reciprocal F1 and backcross (BC1) hybrids and determined that flowering ti

59 molecular markers segregating in reciprocal backcross (BC1) interspecific hybrids and used to invest

60 Bcl-3-deficient NOD mice were generated by backcrossing Bcl-3-deficient C57BL/6 mice to NOD mice.

61 extensive QTL data set for an interspecific backcross between two wild annual sunflowers, Helianthus

62 tch" in the relative fitnesses of reciprocal backcrosses between environments.

63 Backcrosses between esk1-5 and two independent knockout

64 s based on the breeding scheme of reciprocal backcrosses between reciprocal F(1) hybrids and original

65 itance of thelytoky, we generated reciprocal backcrosses between thelytokous A. m.capensis and the ar

66 By backcrossing Brown-Norway HK-deficient rats with Lewis r

67 ganelle genomes were replaced through serial backcrossing by those representing the entire genus, yie

68 es a short isoform of CTLA-4 (1/4 CTLA-4) by backcrossing C57BL/6.1/4CTLA-4-transgenic mice to the MR

69 erved in adenomas from parous mice (line and backcrossed) carrying the line I Min allele relative to

70 are determined explicitly through only four (backcross case) or nine (intercross case) independent st

71 analyze the role of CCR7 in autoimmunity, we backcrossed CCR7(ko/ko) mice (in which ko signifies defi

72 rom an Elymus trachycaulus/Triticum aestivum backcross derivative.

73 This model is derived for a simple backcross design within the maximum-likelihood context,

74 Then, using a reciprocal backcross design, we performed high-resolution genetic m

75 sis in wide hybridizations of plants using a backcross design.

76 njury survival time using a mouse reciprocal backcross design.

77 ference in memory retention was studied in a backcrossing experiment in which the phenotype of N. gir

78 of a small number of mutations indicated by backcross experiments yielded designs with substitutions

79 Although presented via pseudo-doubled backcross experiments, this approach can be readily exte

80 Through a series of backcrossing experiments with an uninfected Trichogramma

81 Both mutations segregated in backcrossed F(2) populations as homozygous recessive all

82 Backcrossing F1 hybrid females between these two species

83 ity is inherited through F1 (SD x LE) and N2 backcross (F1 x SD) generations via an orderly pattern (

84 s with each of them derived from one of four backcross families.

85 allozyme markers, and phenotypic sex in four backcross families.

86 A genetic linkage map was constructed in a backcross family of the red flour beetle, Tribolium cast

87 Of 1,968 backcross females examined, we detected 81 granulosa cel

88 locus (D11Mit39) was confirmed in RA-treated backcross fetuses of F(1) females to C57BL/6N males.

89 ect, a full-genome scan was performed in 406 backcross fetuses of F(1) males to C57BL/6N females.

90 t specifically lack GIP-producing cells were backcrossed five to eight times onto the diabetogenic NO

91 EDF+, T+, S+, probably resulted from random backcrossing followed by stabilization through selection

92 The resistant progeny were identified during backcrossing for five generations.

93 pecific widerwing (wdw) locus, which we have backcrossed from N. giraulti into N. vitripennis and map

94 A follow-up study using consecutive backcrosses from Dahl salt-sensitive rats and Lewis iden

95 in hybrids decays with increasing number of backcross generations as expected from theory and approa

96 population size, replication, and number of backcross generations to their needs.

97 HMS in hybrid males from early but not later backcross generations.

98 ed on both the D. simulans and D. mauritiana backcross genomic background, suggesting a cis-acting re

99 and met(Att)/met(lab) and met(lab)/met(lab) backcross genotypes are strongly associated with metamor

100 within and among the mix of parental, F1 and backcross genotypes that are currently present.

101 The backcross has yielded two strong candidate intervals wit

102 In the mapping backcross, however, many mice showed a very high inciden

103 hat these three reproductive morphologies of backcross hybrid males produce divergent gene expression

104 tion (UVR)-induced melanoma in a Xiphophorus backcross hybrid model previously reported to be suscept

105 dest amounts of the phenotypic variance of a backcross hybrid population.

106 asure recombination rate, we genotyped 1,294 backcross hybrids at 50 markers across the largest assem

107 Backcross hybrids toward I. fulva (BCIF) also survived a

108 ibited strong epistatic interactions in male backcross hybrids, but only one pair of QTL interacted i

109 Through the use of reciprocal F1 and backcross hybrids, we show that morphological traits imp

110 In backcross hybrids, we show that precocious burrowing and

111 the parental taxa, and was fully restored in backcross hybrids.

112 ffect on hybrid sterility in both reciprocal backcross hybrids.

113 ea and D. yakuba and in the female D. yakuba backcross hybrids.

114 To cover a wide range of HLA phenotypes, we backcrossed IFN-alpha/betaR(-/-) mice with HLA A*0201, A

115 nce in C3H/He mice and the high incidence in backcrosses implies that SWD could be a confounding vari

116 ine cmQTL using an independent population of backcross inbred lines, derived from the same parents, w

117 rescue frequency among subgroups within the backcross indicate gender and parent of origin influence

118 thin 105 kb of its true position using 96 F1-backcross individuals genotyped in a single lane on an I

119 variety of segregating populations including backcrosses, intercrosses, and natural populations.

120 isting of any arbitrary sequence of selfing, backcrossing, intercrossing and haploid-doubling steps t

121 itially affect mouse size or viability, upon backcross into C57BL/6J mice some Rap1a-/- embryos died

122 When introgressed by backcross into the maize inbred line PH09B, the mutant p

123 When these three insertions are backcrossed into an otherwise wild-type genetic backgrou

124 Mice that lacked PI3Kgamma were backcrossed into db/+ mice C57BL/KS (>10 generations) to

125 a-eGFP (D1-GFP), and Drd2-eGFP (D2-GFP) mice backcrossed into the C57BL/6 background.

126 is study, Apoe-/- mice lacking SR-A or CD36, backcrossed into the C57BL/6 strain for 7 generations, w

127 Apc(Min/+)) congenic strain was generated by backcrossing into BALB/c the Apc(Min) allele from C57BL/

128 Interestingly, after backcrossing into the C57BL/6 background, RD-fed Grp78(+

129 PsGA3ox1 (LE) was introduced, by a series of backcrosses, into the same genetic background (BC LEle).

130 This modifier was also identified in a backcross involving 129X1/SvJ and B6 Apc(Min/+) mice.

131 1.B6-Cdh23(ahl) congenic mice, and a linkage backcross involving these strains localized a Chr 10 QTL

132 ABR threshold variation among mice from two backcrosses involving BUB/BnJ mice with mice of strains

133 viral functions of IRF5 in vivo, we infected backcrossed Irf5-/-xDock2wt/wt mice (here called Irf5-/-

134 2 intercross-like segregation) or 1:1 ratio (backcross-like segregation).

135 One advanced backcross line carrying the major-effect QTL on chromoso

136 We used a serially backcrossed line of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylos

137 Roots of tt4(2YY6), the backcrossed line tt4-2, and two other tt4 alleles had wi

138 sts with parental, reciprocal F1 and F2, and backcross lines.

139 We constructed a collection of 881 backcrossed lines containing mutant alleles that induce

140 ept we used phenotype-based introgression to backcross loci that control innate food preference in Dr

141 CG5762 is underexpressed in sterile backcross males compared with their fertile brothers.

142 etween backcross males with motile sperm and backcross males with immotile sperm.

143 ificant differential gene expression between backcross males with motile sperm and backcross males wi

144 ross males with no sperm compared with those backcross males with motile sperm and immotile sperm, bu

145 gnificantly differentially expressed between backcross males with no sperm compared with those backcr

146 ity differ between D. yakuba and D. santomea backcross males, both in terms of the magnitude of main

147 duced fertility of D. yakuba and D. santomea backcross males.

148 We produced 246 backcross mapping (BC(1)) progeny by crossing a naturall

149 tomas by a factor of 2.5 in first-generation backcross mice (C.iMyc(Emu) N1).

150 Third-generation backcross mice (C.iMyc(Emu) N3, approximately 94% C alle

151 s taken using (B10.BR x BALB.K)F(1) x B10.BR backcross mice as recipients.

152 the total ABR threshold variation among the backcross mice at all ages.

153 H/Ola x (M. spretus x M. musculus NIH/Ola)F1 backcross mice depends on interactions with another unli

154 athy, we performed a genome-wide scan in 165 backcross mice generated between the nephropathy-sensiti

155 Genome scans of N2 backcross mice identified a significant modifier locus o

156 A previous analysis of SNF(1) x NZB backcross mice revealed the existence of 4 SWR loci (H2

157 roliferation are differentially regulated in backcross mice susceptible or resistant to tumour develo

158 In burrows built by first-generation backcross mice, entrance-tunnel length and the presence

159 ygous regions of the genome in interspecific backcross mice, providing an efficient method for genoty

160 Using N2 backcross mice, we mapped the trait with high resolution

161 rs8259436 and D15Spn14, using data from 1396 backcross mice.

162 271 (129S6/SvEvTac x BALB/cJ)F(1) x BALB/cJ backcross mice.

163 one-half of the phenotypic variation in the backcross mice.

164 odulating the progression of hearing loss in backcross mice.

165 0% of the hearing threshold variation in the backcross mice.

166 nt study extends our previous findings using backcrossed mice and covering various experimental condi

167 Finally, eighth generation backcrossed mice harboring prl1 were found to maintain r

168 via bioluminescence imaging and extensively backcrossed mice onto the albino C57BL/6 genetic backgro

169 c scan of chromosome 1 with 35 infected F(1) backcrossed mice revealed that resistance to KIM5 maps t

170 A second screen of 95 backcrossed mice verified that this locus confers resist

171 s cocaine self-administration in extensively backcrossed mice.

172 We then generated a segregating backcross (n = 200) between the BALB.K and B10.BR strain

173 were produced by NOD x (NOD x 129.H2(g7))F1 backcross (N2).

174 trated the utility of a wild barley advanced backcross-nested association mapping (AB-NAM) population

175 ptor (C5aR) in SLE, C5aR-deficient mice were backcrossed nine generations onto the lupus-like MRL(lpr

176 Analysis of 214 mice from a backcross of (B6.CAST-Cdh23 Ahl+ xDBA/2J) F1 hybrids to

177 Analysis of 225 N2 mice from a backcross of (C57BL/6JxDBA/2J) F1 hybrids to DBA/2J mice

178 Analysis of tumor development in a backcross of (FVBB6 Apc(Min/+)) x B6 Apc(Min/+) mice has

179 eda x Pinus elliottii) x P. elliottii pseudo-backcross of 345 full-sibs (BC1).

180 Female mice from a backcross of C3H/HeJ and (BALB/cxC3H/HeJ)F1 mice were in

181 detecting new epistatic QTL for obesity in a backcross of CAST/Ei mice onto M16i.

182 actor (SRF) homozygous-null embryos from our backcross of SRF(LacZ/)(+) "knock-in" mice failed to gas

183 ed early flowering segregants derived from a backcross of the Bowman(eam5) introgression line.

184 er data were collected from the progeny of a backcross of two species of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

185 l2/Cx3cr1 double knockout mice obtained from backcrosses of CCDKO with C57Bl/6 mice.

186 associated with lymphoma was conducted in F1 backcrosses of NZB and a control strain, DBA/2.

187 Reciprocal backcrosses of pgd2-1 suggested that missing PGD activit

188 ion of congenic sublines of mice by repeated backcrossing of CAST with B6 mice and phenotype characte

189 Here we find that continued backcrossing of Taf7l(-/Y) mice from N5 to N9 produced K

190 Here, we demonstrate that the backcrossing of wild mice with knockout mutant laborator

191 A second study focusing on SNF(1) x SWR backcross offspring uncovered 5 suggestive loci for anti

192 ice, this interesting study relied upon mice backcrossed on the outbred Swiss Webster (SW) strain tha

193 eration but are transmitted in outcrosses or backcrosses only by the C24 genomic segment.

194 ted novel BALB/c.Mdr2(-/-) mouse via genetic backcross onto highly fibrosis-susceptible BALB/c substr

195 The COX-2 deficiency was also backcrossed onto both DBA and C3H backgrounds to confirm

196 , 3H9 and 56R, with specificity for DNA were backcrossed onto the C57BL/6 background with or without

197 how or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 4 weeks, or backcrossed onto the db/db background.

198 background by outcrossing to C57BL/10J, and backcrossing or intercrossing.

199 ation, we characterized a second, 374-member backcross panel for the inheritance of five microsatelli

200 Using a forward genetic approach in a backcross panel of mice, we identified cylindromatosis (

201 some, we produced a 103-member intraspecific backcross panel that segregated for jal, and typed it fo

202 ttern in the F1, which is then maintained in backcross plants independent of the presence of the pare

203 To this end, a backcross population (BC1F2) segregating for the glossy

204 variation for days to heading in an advanced backcross population derived from the Oryza sativa varie

205 en-treated cohort compared with an untreated backcross population.

206 in the onset of cardiomyopathy in a CAST/EiJ backcross population.

207 performed on A. halleri x Arabidopsis lyrata backcross population1 identified the metal-pump gene Hea

208 Backcross population1 individuals displaying the A. hall

209 perimental crosses of inbred line species in backcross populations.

210 Ten generations of backcrosses produced N10F1 rats, which were intercrossed

211 chromatin were quickly identified from 1048 backcross progenies through disease screening and molecu

212 We analyzed 1134 backcross progeny from a cross between the obligate FW s

213 e susceptibility to MAV-1 by analysis of 192 backcross progeny in a genome scan with 65 simple sequen

214 al microchimerism in tissues of neoR(-/-) N2 backcross progeny of (neoR(+/-))F(1) females mated with

215 ed genotyping in such species using a pseudo-backcross progeny of 154 individuals of Populus trichoca

216 A genetic screen of 176 N2 backcross progeny of two Trp53(+/-) strains, BALB/c and

217 e on chromosome 2 in [(C/B)F1xC]N2-Tmc1Bth/+ backcross progeny, and three other QTL on chromosomes 11

218 rtship wing display are highly correlated in backcross progeny, suggesting that linkage or pleiotropy

219 Using phenotypic and genetic analysis of backcross progeny, we further demonstrate that both the

220 of the phenotype confirmed by generation of backcross progeny.

221 generated for 2608 genes in 91 interspecific backcross progeny.

222 A T1 population of 11,000 selfed and cv M82 backcrossed progeny was produced from the functional T0

223 We have generated a fully backcrossed properdin-deficient mouse line by convention

224 nesis, we created a transgenic murine model, backcrossing RAGE-null mice to a spontaneous mouse model

225 Backcrossing rd1 with C57BL6 mice reveals the complete l

226 ntains multiple X-MLV proviruses, but serial backcrosses reduced this proviral content and permitted

227 mosome 2B and goatgrass 2S chromatin using a backcross scheme favorable for inducing and detecting th

228 osomal determinants of susceptibility with a backcross scheme that exploited a paternal, parent-of-or

229 we analysed ABR thresholds of progeny from a backcross segregating MRL and B6 alleles.

230 tions, but not a limited introgression after backcrossing several generations of female hybrids to ma

231 Specifically, each backcross should exhibit higher fitness in the environme

232 ng lineages will be F1s and first-generation backcrosses sired mainly by the outcrossing lineage, tog

233 -linked loci polymorphic between 129 and the backcrossing strain resulted in systematic genetic confo

234 uantitative trait locus analysis using an N2 backcross strategy revealed a single major quantitative

235 on C9 was substantiated by scoring recurrent backcross substitution lines, derived from the same pare

236 A phenotypic selection and recurrent backcrossing technique was used to introduce dormancy ge

237 We backcrossed the Cd59a knockout (Cd59a(-/-)) mouse onto t

238 We backcrossed the Ins2(Akita) mutation onto the NOD-Rag1(n

239 physiologically highly useful mouse model by backcrossing the original line with C57/BL6J mice.

240 o outcross mutant mice to another strain and backcross them, and (3) exclusion of genes not involved

241 e the utility of R/cape by analyzing a mouse backcross, thereby discovering novel epistatic interacti

242 dy, we eliminate clinical biliary disease by backcrossing this Pkhd1 mutation onto the C57BL/6 geneti

243 ed in part on investigations in incompletely backcrossed TLR-9-deficient MRL/lpr mice in vivo or tran

244 lesions, which appeared at various stages of backcross to C57BL/6, bore resemblance to the rd8 retina

245 e pair of QTL interacted in females from the backcross to D. yabuka.

246 normal skin from a M. musculus x M. spretus backcross to generate a network view of the gene express

247 genome-wide association study in N2(129xABH) backcross to map polymorphic cannabinoid drug pump; and

248 e 1 diabetes resistance or susceptibility in backcross to NOD/LtJ.

249 mapping was performed in an (AKR x SAMP1/Fc) backcross to SAMP1/Fc, followed by sequencing, expressio

250 subset of DJ-1-nullizygous mice, when fully backcrossed to a C57BL/6 [corrected] background, display

251 Mesangial cells from itgb8-/- mice backcrossed to a genetic background that permitted survi

252 TrkB(+/-) mice on a 129/B6 background were backcrossed to apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-null (ApoE(-/-))

253 ic mice had normal thyroid function and were backcrossed to BALB/c.

254 Using a design in which each RI line was backcrossed to both parental lines, we mapped seven QTL

255 GHS x WKY rats were backcrossed to breed for congenic rats with the chromoso

256 Dnd1(Ter/Ter); Bax(-/-) double mutants were backcrossed to C57BL/6J, no tumors arose.

257 e severity of DN in eNOS(-/-) mice that were backcrossed to C57BLKS/J db/db mice.

258 ype (WT) and DPPI-deficient (DPPI(-/-)) mice backcrossed to DBA/1J mice for 10 generations were immun

259 of colitis, p110delta(D910A/D910A) mice were backcrossed to IL-10(-/-) mice.

260 ne transmission, were identified and further backcrossed to MA/My.L-H2(b) or C57L mice.

261 variability, the Aire knockout mutation was backcrossed to mice of diverse genetic backgrounds.

262 1 in diabetes, Il21r-knockout (KO) mice were backcrossed to NOD mice.

263 ce, and transgenic offspring were repeatedly backcrossed to NOD.H2(h4) mice.

264 GCase, saposin C deficient mice (C-/-) were backcrossed to point mutated GCase (V394L/V394L) mice.

265 The Siglec-G-deficient mouse was also backcrossed to the autoimmune prone MLR/lpr background.

266 when the original mMCP-6 knockout mice were backcrossed to the BALB/c strain, these mice were carryi

267 When backcrossed to the Kit(W-Sh) background, mev mice had ma

268 Furthermore, FRG mice backcrossed to the NOD background and repopulated with h

269 ids were created for each Am strain and then backcrossed to their respective Am line.

270 3) transgenic mice overexpressing tmTNFalpha backcrossed to TNFalpha-KO mice (tmTNFalpha-transgenic/T

271 In backcrosses to an unmethylated Ler allele, the newly met

272 our QTL were detected in male hybrids in the backcrosses to both D. santomea and D. yakuba and in the

273 d using classical genetic methods, including backcrosses to demonstrate reversion or suppression in r

274 ecies together with F1s and first-generation backcrosses to G. rivale alone.

275 terval mapping approach with two Africanized backcrosses to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) un

276 type strains was generated by a series of 11 backcrosses to introgress the MAT locus from a nonoutbre

277 -LEW background as well as after at least 10 backcrosses to LEW rats.

278 med from a multi-strain cross with two final backcrosses to LG before being inbred by brother-sister

279 encing method (REGRES) and performed genetic backcrosses to purge mutations not required for Cit(+) f

280 Finally, the use of backcrosses to render the hybrid genome partial homozygo

281 Backcrosses to the ancestor with the first evolved genot

282 generation (F2) of the F1 X F1 intercross or backcrosses to the parental strains.

283 und, eliminating the need for generations of backcrossing to achieve congenic animals.

284 BL/6 Optn(470T/470T) mice, but after further backcrossing to C57BL/6, offspring viability was restore

285 After repeated backcrossing to the C57BL/6J background, we compared the

286 lting hybrids formed the new species without backcrossing to the parents.

287 /Ola x (Mus spretus x M. musculus NIH/Ola)F1 backcrosses, to identify a skin tumor susceptibility loc

288 gnificantly higher rates than the reciprocal backcross toward I. brevicaulis (BCIB).

289 , notably the switch in relative fitness for backcross types, the expected rank order of cross type f

290 le-specific viability, female fertility, and backcross viability.

291 A large-scale backcross was performed to generate a population of colo

292 ny of a B6CBAF1 intercross and a CBAxB6CBAF1 backcross were performed.

293 el gene positionally, we established a large backcross, which generated a critical region of seven ge

294 ed mice with that of two Crb1(rd8/rd8) lines backcrossed with C57BL/6JOlaHsd mice.

295 In this study, SRC-1(-/-) mice were backcrossed with FVB mice and then cross-bred with MMTV-

296 ctably develop prostate adenocarcinoma, were backcrossed with gammadelta T cell-deficient mice (TCRde

297 mCherry fluorescence on ophthalmoscopy were backcrossed with normal males for eight generations.

298 tic mapping strategy that involves recurrent backcrossing with phenotypic selection to obtain new ins

299 story of this unisexual species has included backcrossing with the parent species before the onset of

300 Further backcrossing yielded mMCP-6(-/-) mice with the BALB/c MH