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1  the shape and the genetic expression of the bacterial chromosome.
2  for integration of lambda prophage into the bacterial chromosome.
3 he enzyme responsible for replication of the bacterial chromosome.
4 regates the replication origin region of the bacterial chromosome.
5 he segregation apparatus with respect to the bacterial chromosome.
6 recombination maintains the integrity of the bacterial chromosome.
7 es of homologous recombination to modify the bacterial chromosome.
8 tegration of the respective alleles into the bacterial chromosome.
9  proteins that modulate the structure of the bacterial chromosome.
10 tic change capable of affecting genes in the bacterial chromosome.
11 e phage genome and the attB site in the host bacterial chromosome.
12 d, in the long run, be incorporated into the bacterial chromosome.
13 age integration into and excision out of the bacterial chromosome.
14 ich is amplified relative to the rest of the bacterial chromosome.
15 kDa that is essential for replication of the bacterial chromosome.
16 s provided a glimpse of the arrangement of a bacterial chromosome.
17 dnaA gene is required for replication of the bacterial chromosome.
18 nicity island located at centisome 63 of the bacterial chromosome.
19 lved operon reproducibly integrated into the bacterial chromosome.
20 ame attachment site for integration into the bacterial chromosome.
21 nisms by which NAPs remodel and organize the bacterial chromosome.
22 nt random mutagenesis of selected genes in a bacterial chromosome.
23  (GE P. putida), which was inserted into the bacterial chromosome.
24 can exist as an episome or integrated in the bacterial chromosome.
25 ed on plasmids should be integrated into the bacterial chromosome.
26 ing other static and dynamic features of the bacterial chromosome.
27 reading frame (ORF) plasticity region of the bacterial chromosome.
28  understand higher-order organization of the bacterial chromosome.
29 p-regulated and can massively reorganize the bacterial chromosome.
30 T gene (pcpF) is located next to pcpC on the bacterial chromosome.
31 se lead to hydroxyl radicals that damage the bacterial chromosome.
32 e locations to infer large-scale features of bacterial chromosomes.
33  processes that involve the origin region of bacterial chromosomes.
34 ved in the origins of replication of enteric bacterial chromosomes.
35 ular DNA and selectively binds and condenses bacterial chromosomes.
36  result of stronger selective constraints on bacterial chromosomes.
37 e and the plasticity of supercoil domains in bacterial chromosomes.
38 y calls into question the way that we define bacterial chromosomes.
39 tion immunity senses the domain structure of bacterial chromosomes.
40 ndensation that occurs during segregation of bacterial chromosomes.
41 ect the states of macromolecular assembly of bacterial chromosomes.
42  stable inheritance of circular plasmids and bacterial chromosomes.
43 ed to investigate the supercoil structure of bacterial chromosomes.
44 uted to shaping the distinct architecture of bacterial chromosomes.
45 ep sequencing (Hi-C) to map the structure of bacterial chromosomes.
46 , in maintaining or selecting for operons in bacterial chromosomes.
47 densins might be involved in organization of bacterial chromosomes.
48 a paradigm that a single condensin organizes bacterial chromosomes.
49 bility, but were subsequently found on a few bacterial chromosomes.
50 position to that of all completely sequenced bacterial chromosomes.
51 ation, segregation, repair and expression of bacterial chromosomes.
52  coordinating the appropriate segregation of bacterial chromosomes.
53 elements present as "genomic islands" within bacterial chromosomes.
54 d conjugative element or ICE) that reside in bacterial chromosomes.
55 Horizontally acquired genetic information in bacterial chromosomes accumulates in blocks termed genom
56 on of the ParA ATPase releases ParA from the bacterial chromosome, after which it takes a long time t
57 djacent araC-P(BAD) control element into the bacterial chromosome allows dynamic control of T7 promot
58 hether the stationary-phase mutations in the bacterial chromosome also occur via a recombination prot
59 ux genes are present as single copies on the bacterial chromosome and are vertically inherited.
60 ne disruptions and modifications of both the bacterial chromosome and bacterial plasmids are possible
61 h loci are likely to appear by chance in the bacterial chromosome and could act as cryptic sites for
62 py demonstrated defective segregation of the bacterial chromosome and DNA degradation.
63 age response to mobilize themselves from the bacterial chromosome and infect other cells.
64  (NAPs) play key functions in organizing the bacterial chromosome and regulating gene transcription g
65 entally the fundamentally soft nature of the bacterial chromosome and the entropic forces that can co
66 onal stationary-phase mutation occurs in the bacterial chromosome and thus can be a general strategy
67 ystems are broadly conserved on plasmids and bacterial chromosomes and have been well characterized a
68                                         Many bacterial chromosomes and low-copy plasmids, such as the
69   HU is one of the most abundant proteins in bacterial chromosomes and participates in nucleoid compa
70 f proteins needed for stable partitioning of bacterial chromosomes and plasmids.
71 composition, or 'genomic signature', between bacterial chromosomes and plasmids.
72  loci evolved very early in the evolution of bacterial chromosomes and that the absence of parS, parA
73 romotes the initiation of replication of the bacterial chromosome, and of several plasmids including
74  include viruses that can integrate into the bacterial chromosome, and they can carry genes that prov
75 ontal transfer introduces new sequences into bacterial chromosomes, and deletions remove segments of
76  The genes encoding TA systems also exist on bacterial chromosomes, and it has been speculated that t
77 on of complete and accurate physical maps of bacterial chromosomes, and the many maps constructed in
78 With rare exceptions, FRTs introduced to the bacterial chromosome are targeted with high efficiency r
79                         The realization that bacterial chromosomes are actively translocated through
80                                              Bacterial chromosomes are confined in submicrometer-size
81                                              Bacterial chromosomes are highly compacted structures an
82      To fit within the confines of the cell, bacterial chromosomes are highly condensed into a struct
83                                              Bacterial chromosomes are immense polymers whose faithfu
84                                              Bacterial chromosomes are most often circular DNA molecu
85                                              Bacterial chromosomes are organized in stereotypical pat
86                                              Bacterial chromosomes are organized into polycistronic c
87       A picture is thereby developing of how bacterial chromosomes are organized within the cell, how
88         Recent studies provide evidence that bacterial chromosomes are replicated by an enzyme factor
89             The reason for this is that even bacterial chromosomes are so large that biochemical and
90                                      Because bacterial chromosomes are tightly packed with genes and
91      The mini-lambda DNA integrates into the bacterial chromosome as a defective prophage.
92  findings support an emerging picture of the bacterial chromosome as off-equilibrium active matter an
93 odified target sequences within the resident bacterial chromosome, as opposed to incoming 'foreign' D
94 ase, including the prospect of single-contig bacterial chromosome assembly.
95 nic toxin A gene (speA), integrates into the bacterial chromosome at a gene for a serine tRNA.
96 ert site and orientation specifically in the bacterial chromosome at an attTn7 site downstream of the
97 ion, this plasmid stably integrated into the bacterial chromosome at attB.
98 t reveals protein occupancy across an entire bacterial chromosome at the resolution of individual bin
99 litate integration of single-copy genes into bacterial chromosomes at a neutral, naturally evolved si
100  the elements on the phage genome (attP) and bacterial chromosome (attB) required for CTXphi integrat
101 thway, Tn7 inserts into a unique site in the bacterial chromosome, attTn7, through specific recogniti
102 ic islands at a programmed insertion site in bacterial chromosomes, attTn7.
103 al support for a physical model in which the bacterial chromosome behaves as a loaded entropic spring
104  turn, trees obtained from plasmid-borne and bacterial chromosome-borne sequences were congruent with
105                              Like many other bacterial chromosomes, both V. cholerae chromosomes cont
106 or determination of a restriction map of the bacterial chromosome but is based on the ability to meas
107         Phage 4 integrated randomly into the bacterial chromosome, but integrations into motility-ass
108                           ClpXP protects the bacterial chromosome, but little effect was detected on
109  that H-NS silences extensive regions of the bacterial chromosome by binding first to nucleating high
110 ent has been recently acquired from the host bacterial chromosome by illegitimate recombination, prov
111  rcbA helps to maintain the integrity of the bacterial chromosome by lowering the steady-state level
112 d used to replace the wild-type genes in the bacterial chromosome by marker exchange.
113 genizes the bacteria by integrating into the bacterial chromosome by site-specific recombination at o
114                When DNA gyrase is trapped on bacterial chromosomes by quinolone antibacterials, rever
115 vide a possible explanation for how a linear bacterial chromosome can exhibit a circular genetic map.
116  contains more parS sequences than any other bacterial chromosome characterized so far.
117 HU could act as an architectural protein for bacterial chromosome compaction and organization in vivo
118                                         Many bacterial chromosomes contain genomic islands, large DNA
119                                         Most bacterial chromosomes contain homologs of plasmid partit
120                                  Replicating bacterial chromosomes continuously demix from each other
121                The latter assays showed that bacterial chromosome copies accumulated severalfold duri
122  of a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged bacterial-chromosome dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) tran
123 lved in processes ranging from resolution of bacterial chromosome dimers to adeno-associated viral in
124                              However, in the bacterial chromosome, duplications form at high rates (1
125                              Here, we review bacterial chromosome dynamics and our understanding of t
126  measuring supercoil diffusion and analysing bacterial chromosome dynamics in vivo.
127 ight into how the organization of a complete bacterial chromosome encodes a spatiotemporal program in
128 , which is present on many plasmids and most bacterial chromosomes, encodes a P loop ATPase (ParA) th
129 ung homogenates; total counts are defined as bacterial chromosome equivalents (CEQ) enumerated by usi
130   Plasmid origins of replication are rare in bacterial chromosomes, except in multichromosome bacteri
131 anscription conflict is especially bitter in bacterial chromosomes, explaining why actively transcrib
132                Our results show that E. coli bacterial chromosome folding in three dimensions is not
133  around parS to condense DNA and earmark the bacterial chromosome for segregation.
134         Genes must be stably integrated into bacterial chromosomes for complementation of gene deleti
135                         Previous analyses of bacterial chromosomes for which the complete sequence ha
136 ich multiple TA paralogs encoded by a single bacterial chromosome form independent functional units w
137 y to specify a target, but also to spare the bacterial chromosome from interference.
138                   The physical nature of the bacterial chromosome has important implications for its
139 quisite temporal and spatial organization of bacterial chromosomes has only recently been appreciated
140 e-specific excision of phage lambda from the bacterial chromosome, has a much shorter functional half
141 ate, mitotic-like mechanisms that act on the bacterial chromosome have not been demonstrated.
142                                              Bacterial chromosomes have been found to possess one of
143 cteria reside on plasmid genomes rather than bacterial chromosomes, implying that plasmids are havens
144 e an important mechanism for maintaining the bacterial chromosome in an expanded and dynamic state.
145 est a new model for how MukBEF organizes the bacterial chromosome in vivo.
146 rmation can site-specifically recombine with bacterial chromosomes in the absence of any additional p
147 bination by XerCD-dif or Cre-loxP can unlink bacterial chromosomes in vivo, in reactions that require
148  segregation and replication loci of the two bacterial chromosomes indicates that, immediately after
149                               Replication of bacterial chromosomes initiates bidirectionally from a s
150 regation in higher cells, segregation of the bacterial chromosome is a continuous process in which ch
151 to a first approximation, the folding of the bacterial chromosome is consistent with, and may preserv
152                                          The bacterial chromosome is organized into multiple independ
153                 Initiation of replication of bacterial chromosomes is accurately regulated by the Dna
154                      The segregation of many bacterial chromosomes is dependent on the interactions o
155                      The ability to engineer bacterial chromosomes is quintessential for understandin
156 arily responsible for the duplication of the bacterial chromosome, is a 3'-->5' exonuclease that func
157  markers from 12q24.1 to screen large insert bacterial chromosome libraries and a chromosome 12-speci
158  because the distances that newly replicated bacterial chromosomes move apart before cell division ar
159                                          The bacterial chromosome must be compacted more than 1,000-f
160                                              Bacterial chromosome (nucleoid) conformation dictates fa
161                                   Regions of bacterial chromosomes occupy characteristic locations wi
162 esulting pdxY::omegaKan(r) mutation into the bacterial chromosome of a pdrB mutant, in which de novo
163 nstructed and analyzed in single copy on the bacterial chromosome or on low-copy-number plasmids.
164                          Most are located on bacterial chromosomes or on broad-host-range R plasmids.
165 erplay between transcription and topology in bacterial chromosome organization.
166                      Molecular mechanisms of bacterial chromosome packaging are still unclear, as bac
167                                              Bacterial chromosome partitioning and cell division are
168 y of ATPases is responsible for transporting bacterial chromosomes, plasmids and large protein machin
169                         It is now clear that bacterial chromosomes rapidly separate in a manner indep
170  distinct organization patterns observed for bacterial chromosomes reflect a common organization-segr
171 , and minD, all of which encode products for bacterial chromosome replication and partition, were exp
172                                New rounds of bacterial chromosome replication are triggered during ea
173  the significance of spatial organization in bacterial chromosome replication is only beginning to be
174                                Although many bacterial chromosomes require only one replication initi
175 T, expressed from its endogenous site on the bacterial chromosome, resulted in a 100-fold virulence d
176 al regulation of the Caulobacter cell cycle, bacterial chromosome segregation and cytokinesis, and Ba
177         We discuss how the multistep view of bacterial chromosome segregation can help to explain and
178 rovide a perspective on current views of the bacterial chromosome segregation mechanism and how it re
179  that is more reminiscent of eukaryotic than bacterial chromosome segregation mechanisms.
180              Despite its fundamental nature, bacterial chromosome segregation remains poorly understo
181 tion system of ParA, ParB, and parS)-related bacterial chromosome segregation system.
182                                              Bacterial chromosome segregation utilizes highly conserv
183 ntial role of the actin-like MreB protein in bacterial chromosome segregation, we first demonstrate t
184 onserved ParABS system plays a major role in bacterial chromosome segregation.
185  SpoIIIE/FtsK ATPases are central players in bacterial chromosome segregation.
186 ll-known protein-DNA interaction involved in bacterial chromosome segregation.
187 ase that participates in the final stages of bacterial chromosome segregation.
188 K2 has been studied as a simplified model of bacterial chromosome segregation.
189 t immunity can be used as a tool for probing bacterial chromosome structure.
190 ay a key role in the control of higher-order bacterial chromosome structure.
191 r members tend to be located more closely on bacterial chromosomes than expected by chance, which cou
192  into one of several known attB sites in the bacterial chromosome that consists of a pair of inverted
193 s are enabling scientists to design modified bacterial chromosomes that can be used in the production
194  that serve to protect unmodified DNA in the bacterial chromosome: the primary pathway in which ClpXP
195      Deletion of ydgG also caused 31% of the bacterial chromosome to be differentially expressed in b
196 atterns can be horizontally transferred into bacterial chromosomes to program cell phenotypes.
197                                          The bacterial chromosome trafficking apparatus or the segros
198      The FtsK dsDNA translocase functions in bacterial chromosome unlinking by activating XerCD-dif r
199                                        Might bacterial chromosomes use a similar mitotic strategy for
200 drugs is caused by mutations within a single bacterial chromosome, use of bedaquiline in patients wit
201 ber of independent deletion mutations on the bacterial chromosome using a single drug marker.
202 a moves its viral genome into and out of the bacterial chromosome using site-specific recombination.
203 parS partition site), and interacts with the bacterial chromosome via an ATP-dependent nonspecific DN
204 ows random integration of lux genes onto the bacterial chromosome was constructed.
205               Integration of lambda into the bacterial chromosome was delayed in the lon ftsH backgro
206         Although further movement within the bacterial chromosome was undetectable, the retrotranspos
207        Sequences typical of origins of other bacterial chromosomes were not found at the origin of th
208 at a normal function of RA is to protect the bacterial chromosome when recombination generates unmodi
209 ttes are often present in multiple copies on bacterial chromosomes, where they have been reported to
210 xin-antitoxin (TA) systems are ubiquitous on bacterial chromosomes, yet the mechanisms regulating the

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