ライフサイエンスコーパス: bark

1 preted to indicate the turgor changes in the bark.

2 is procera protein (CP-P) isolated from root bark.

3 stems was detected in the parenchyma of the bark.

4 mimicking natural meetings that occur under bark.

5 environmental sources, such as soil and tree bark.

6 be found in ant nests and, especially, under bark.

7 s were expressed in the xylem and not in the bark.

8 sed impact-absorbing surfaces are safer than bark.

9 key component of a medicinal herb, Magnolia bark.

10 e thickness and organization of the external bark.

11 of Valsa canker pathogens to colonize woody bark.

12 from long-lived buds that lie underneath the bark [1], resulting in persistent bark cracking and deep

13 The combination of an entry tunnel through bark, a cambium mother gallery, and up to 11 eggs placed

14 g aggression, as well as between male vervet barks (additionally recorded in South Africa) in leopard

15 ica, Aegle marmelos flower, A. marmelos root bark, Aerva lanata, Asteracantha longifolia, Cassia auri

16 ymerization increased dramatically in spruce bark after infection by C. polonica.

17 Bark alone is insufficient, however, to prevent all inju

18 est rate of injury, with a risk half that of bark and a fifth of that of concrete.

19 derived (poly)lignans in the needles, stems, bark and branches, as well as for massive accumulation o

20 ation of JA-biosynthesis genes in inoculated bark and core tissues further suggest that phloem and xy

21 y the roles of native forest, vineyard soil, bark and fruit habitats as sources of fungal diversity i

22 ommunity structure differed strongly between bark and leaf samples, with bark samples harbouring much

23 0-mo-old CCR-down-regulated trees, including bark and less efficiently down-regulated trees, still yi

24 Two LPS-mimetic molecules-taxol from yew bark and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) from gram-positive bact

25 Complementary therapies, willow bark and magnets, have marginal benefit for low back pai

26 The duplicated genome size enlarged bark and wood layers in twigs sampled in the field.

27 the maximum fire temperatures experienced by bark and wood materials, but not based on leaf- and need

28 nthetic analgesic, has now been found in the bark and wood of roots of the African medicinal tree Nau

29 We reviewed the literature on trapping bark and woodboring beetles and their associates and con

30 spA per se can account for bsp expression in bark and xylem rays in response to either SD or N treatm

31 lopmental factors that lead to both frequent barking and barking in many contexts.

32 paper dyed with huangbo extracted from this bark, and ancient paper samples.

33 mpounds are quinine, extracted from cinchona bark, and artemisinin (qinghao), extracted from Artemisi

34 nd to have 'cage'-like architecture, thicker bark, and less starch storage, while fire-adapted specie

35 'pole'-like architecture, relatively thinner bark, and more starch storage.

36 ers (PBDEs) were measured in needle, branch, bark, and tree ring samples in pine samples collected at

37 increasingly resemble fungi present on vine bark as the ferment proceeds.

38 tree inner wood via direct-transfer through bark, as one contributing mechanism to describe atmosphe

39 A bark-associated life style on tree trunks is ancestral f

40 These results show a link between bark-associated microbiota and tree health that introduc

41 ase Pseudomonas syringae pv aesculi, and the bark-associated microbiota of horse chestnut (Aesculus h

42 ates has not increased in direct response to bark beetle activity.

43 We find that biomass killed by bark beetle attacks across beetle-affected areas in west

44 It has also strongly influenced our views of bark beetle ecology.

45 imilar to plants but unique to animals, some bark beetle genera (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) produce mono

46 ity of VOC emissions can be used to identify bark beetle infestation but, more importantly, can lead

47 beta-phellandrene emissions correlated with bark beetle infestation.

48 during 2002-2003 in response to drought and bark beetle infestations.

49 2-2003 in response to drought and associated bark beetle infestations.

50 ganic compounds (VOCs) were sampled i.) from bark beetle infested and healthy lodgepole pine (Pinus c

51 The samples from bark beetle infested lodgepole pine trees suggest a 5- t

52 ay spruce protects itself against fungal and bark beetle invasion by the production of terpenoid resi

53 sins and phenolics in response to fungal and bark beetle invasion.

54 forests suffer periodic fatal attacks by the bark beetle Ips typographus and its fungal associate, Ce

55 Picea abies) is periodically attacked by the bark beetle Ips typographus and its fungal associate, En

56 hytopathogenic fungus vectored by the spruce bark beetle Ips typographus.

57 Here, we used a recent bark beetle outbreak in lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta)

58 gh a case study featuring fire, harvest, and bark beetle outbreak, we illustrate how resultant fitted

59 s have begun to examine the local impacts of bark beetle outbreaks in individual stands, but the full

60 cades have contributed to rapid expansion of bark beetle outbreaks killing millions of trees over a l

61 simulation model to assess susceptibility to bark beetle outbreaks over 130 y of stand development.

62 quantify the regional carbon impacts of the bark beetle outbreaks taking place in western US forests

63 development affects future susceptibility to bark beetle outbreaks, focusing on mountain pine beetle

64 of forest disturbances such as wildfires and bark beetle outbreaks, thereby increasing the potential

65 ance the capacity to synthesize terpenes for bark beetle resistance, chemical feedstocks, and biofuel

66 semiochemical-based management of the major bark beetle species in western North America.

67 d wounding on induction of resistance to the bark beetle-associated bluestain fungus Ceratocystis pol

68 rces represents a novel way of understanding bark beetle-fungal-conifer interactions.

69 lassic paradigm (CP), has driven research on bark beetle-fungus symbiosis for decades.

70 tand-level fire behavior models suggest that bark beetle-induced tree mortality increases flammabilit

71 the infection, growth, and survival of this bark beetle-vectored fungus and may play a major role in

72 ed with generalized hydraulic failure and/or bark-beetle attack, while long-term decrease in growth m

73 cologically convergent with Early Cretaceous bark-beetle borings 120 million-years later.Numerous gap

74 Increases in wildfires and bark-beetle outbreaks in the most recent decade are like

75 ngiosperms and in case of intense drought or bark-beetle outbreaks.

76 tree mortality caused by outbreaks of native bark beetles (Circulionidae: Scolytinae) in recent decad

77 st basal area had been killed or impaired by bark beetles (from 7.1 +/- 0.22 mumol m(-2) s(-1) in 200

78 the eyes of fire ants (Solenopsis fugax) and bark beetles (Hylastes nigrinus).

79 Ceratocystis polonica, which is vectored by bark beetles (Ips typographus) and is usually present du

80 Bark beetles and associated fungi are among the greatest

81 isms associated with two guilds of insects - bark beetles and defoliators - which are responsible for

82 ts on the occurrence of drought, presence of bark beetles and increased mortality of larger trees.

83 netic engineering may increase resistance to bark beetles and terpenoid yield for liquid biofuels.

84 were superior to multiple-funnel traps, (b) bark beetles and woodborers were captured in higher numb

85 Bark beetles are a potentially destructive force in fore

86 athogenic fungi associated with tree-killing bark beetles are critical for overwhelming tree defenses

87 tid aggregation pheromones has revealed that bark beetles are primarily responsible for the endogenou

88 Among BD agents, bark beetles caused most C fluxes (61%), and total insec

89 cent advances in applied chemical ecology of bark beetles for scientists and land managers.

90 y 7.6% experienced mortality associated with bark beetles from 1997 to 2008.

91 Detailed information about bark beetles is seldom reported and their role is poorly

92 n velocity (u*) = 0.7 m s(-1)], during which bark beetles killed or infested 85% of the aboveground r

93 ding woodlands) experienced mortality due to bark beetles or wildfire during this period.

94 Scolytid bark beetles that colonize living conifers are frequentl

95 iquity of similar associations of fungi with bark beetles that do not kill trees.

96 rming climate has increased access of native bark beetles to high-elevation pines that historically r

97 y exposed crowns(4,15), and the tendency for bark beetles to preferentially attack larger trees(16).

98 simulated emergence of stands susceptible to bark beetles was not temporally synchronized but was pro

99 en community-wide mortality was high or when bark beetles were present.

100 ncreases in stress from biotic agents (e.g., bark beetles) would further exacerbate mortality.

101 istory of profound impacts by phloem-feeding bark beetles, and species such as the mountain pine beet

102 (tree mortality and defoliation) and agent (bark beetles, defoliator insects, other insects, pathoge

103 evolved in only four animal groups: humans, bark beetles, termites, and ants.

104 virulent fungal associates with tree-killing bark beetles, the lack of correspondence between fungal

105 larly important for some pests, such as pine bark beetles, which are difficult to control by conventi

106 sis of monoterpene pheromone components from bark beetles.

107 emicals to the integrated pest management of bark beetles.

108 hesis of ipsenol, ipsdienol, and amitinol by bark beetles.

109 er-species pair of generalist and specialist bark beetles: Dendroctonus ponderosae and D. jeffreyi (C

110 that died due to biotic attacks (especially bark-beetles) typically showed relatively small and shor

111 photoperiods (SD with night break) levels of bark beta-glucuronidase (GUS) activity increased.

112 condensation with monitored temperatures for bark biomass, while for needles no clear trend could be

113 from the hot water extract of Picea mariana bark (BS-EAc(f)) has been demonstrated to have anti-infl

114 Isotopic analysis of uranium in tree bark by ICP mass spectrometry is proposed as a new measu

115 In addition, the gene expression in the bark/cambial region was up-regulated in spring and fall

116 , the RpALN gene was highly expressed in the bark/cambial region, but had no detectable expression in

117 es predictably with context, suggesting that barks can be divided into contextual subtypes and may be

118 ts show levels of PBBs, DDT, and HBB in tree bark collected within 10 km of the Velsicol Superfund si

119 nravel the potential adaptation mechanism of bark colonization, we examined the genomes of Valsa mali

120 hormones were generally more abundant in the bark compared to wood tissues.

121 thyl jasmonate was associated with increased bark concentrations of verbascoside, lignin and/or tryps

122 effects of aqueous extracts derived from the bark-containing sticks (Neem stick) of Azadirachta indic

123 P. mariana dry bark contains at least 104mugg(-1)dw of trans-resveratro

124 While holm oak outer bark contains sequential periderms interspersed with dea

125 ve been reported.A 7-year-old girl developed barking cough and pruritus approximately two hours after

126 rneath the bark [1], resulting in persistent bark cracking and deep air pockets, potentially allowing

127 Bark density, water content, and mechanics covaried stro

128 Using a wood and bark-derived feedstock, this catalyst performs hydrodeox

129 sferase-beta-adrenergic receptor kinase (GST-BARK)) did not inhibit ET-1-induced GLUT4 translocation,

130 rans stereochemistry were detected in spruce bark; dimeric and larger PAs contained flavan-3-ols with

131 The causes underlying bark diversity are unclear.

132 y to be major and overlooked factors shaping bark ecology and evolution.

133 The Amazonian Croton lechleri stem bark essential oil was tested for its anti-mutagenic pot

134 or a small nick can be cut in a leaf, fruit, bark, etc.

135 ed a cluster of 12 open reading frames (barA-barK) extending 26 kb including the expected polyketide

136 al effect of fruit juices enriched with pine bark extract (PBE) (0.5 g/L) has been studied before and

137 s and samples treated with willow (Salix sp) bark extract and cod liver oil are compared in this stud

138 secondary metabolites and then applied to a bark extract of the African tree Anogeissus leiocarpus G

139 acteria was observed after exposition to the bark extract.

140 seed extract, peanut skin extract, and pine bark extract.

141 1)) and ranged from 0.4 to 3.1% RSD for tree bark extracts (U concentration, 0.03-0.08 microg L(-1)).

142 s reported for Myrciaria fruits and leaf and bark extracts include antioxidant, antibacterial and ant

143 The ethyl acetate and methanol bark extracts of Melicope glabra were evaluated for thei

144 The disparity in bark frequency and context between dogs (Canis familiari

145 ts were measured in about 40 samples of tree bark from 12 locations around the globe.

146 ed reliable spectra of the pure dyes, native bark from the Phellodendron amurense, modern paper dyed

147 that transpiring flowers were unaffected by bark girdling.

148 ed with SD inhibited SD-induced increases in bark GUS activity.

149 search for the bioactive principles of pine bark has yielded the trimeric PAC, ent-epicatechin-(4bet

150 est in the shoot apex, dry seeds (hmg1), and bark (hmg3) which are the tissues containing the highest

151 ns because they only effectively attack tree bark in the field.

152 rating the effectiveness of F. racemosa stem bark in type 2 diabetes and targets involved in it.

153 ctors that lead to both frequent barking and barking in many contexts.

154 s) has led some researchers to conclude that barking in the domestic dog is nonfunctional.

155 cynocephalus ursinus) revealed that contact barks in adult females were motivated by separation both

156 However, mothers did not produce contact barks in reply unless they themselves were at risk of be

157 and unambiguous nonverbal sound (e.g., a dog bark) in 14 English monolingual speakers.

158 We show that investment in thick bark is a pervasive adaptation in frequently burned area

159 As such, tree bark is an ideal sampler to find POPs sources globally,

160 ir complexity, but whereas cork oak external bark is enriched with upregulated genes related to suber

161 This is an effective strategy because tree bark is lipophilic and readily adsorbs and collects POPs

162 arval tunnels that consume cambium, wood and bark-is ecologically convergent with Early Cretaceous ba

163 EAB feeds and develops beneath the bark, killing trees rapidly.

164 proanthocyanidin oligomer extracted from the bark latex of Croton lechleri, is in clinical trials for

165 radeoffs and coordination among functions of bark, leaves, and wood are likely to be major and overlo

166 g, had higher constitutive concentrations of bark lignans, coumarins, proline, tyramine and defensive

167 We suggest that tree bark makes an excellent passive atmospheric sampler and

168 We observed associations between bark mechanics and storage, density and thickness, and t

169 l structures (ie, groove of Ranvier and bone bark), metaphyseal undulation, and corticomedullary diff

170 independent sequencing, we then compared the bark microbiomes from 46 trees to measure the associatio

171 illus parasiticus, a fungal isolate from the bark of a redwood tree (Sequoia sempervirens), has been

172 entified endophytic fungus obtained from the bark of Ficus microcarpa L.

173 melitannin is a natural product found in the bark of Hamamelis virginiana (witch hazel), and it has n

174 natural biphenolic compound derived from the bark of magnolia trees with anti-inflammatory, anti-oxid

175 aclitaxel was isolated and purified from the bark of Pacific yew trees.

176 a natural extract, called huangbo, from the bark of Phellodendron amurense, which contains three maj

177 e sesquiterpenes that were isolated from the bark of Phyllanthus engleri, a plant indigenous to east

178 Pitch pine-scrub oak forest from litter and bark of pitch pine and inkberry plants in the Pinelands

179 vels of bspA expression usually occur in the bark of plants during SD but not long day or SD with a n

180 torage protein that accumulates in the inner bark of plants exposed to either short-day (SD) photoper

181 iologically active methanolic extract of the bark of Plumeria bicolor (family Apocynaceae).

182 d B (1a), a diterpene acid isolated from the bark of Pseudolarix kaempferi Gordon (pinaceae).

183 d B (1a), a diterpene acid isolated from the bark of Pseudolarix kaempferi Gordon, which displays int

184 gly potent immuno-adjuvant isolated from the bark of Quillaja saponaria.

185 timicrobial activities, were investigated in bark of Rhamnus alaternus L., R. fallax Boiss., R. inter

186 timicrobial activities, were investigated in bark of Rhamnus alaternus L., R. fallax Boiss., R. inter

187 am is an anthropic exudate obtained from the bark of several species of Styrax trees that is mainly u

188 ctive chloroform-soluble extract of the root bark of Sphenostylis marginata ssp. erecta using a bioac

189 ural product recently isolated from the stem bark of Tabernaemontana divaricata (a tropical flowering

190 onstration, a library was made from the stem bark of Taxus brevifolia.

191 Deguelin, a constituent of the bark of the African plant Mundulea sericea (Leguminosae)

192 Ibogaine, an alkaloid isolated from the bark of the African shrub, Tabernanthe iboga, has been c

193 s of ibogaine, an alkaloid isolated from the bark of the African shrub, Tabernanthe iboga, on the dev

194 Ibogaine is an alkaloid isolated from the bark of the African shrub, Tabernanthe iboga.

195 , an active compound extracted from the root bark of the Chinese medicine "Thunder of God Vine" (Trip

196 a compound originally isolated from the stem bark of the native Indian plant Dysoxylum binectariferum

197 henol found in various plants, mainly in the bark of the red grapes.

198 ies were constructed from isolated xylem and bark of the root-hypocotyl and screened for cDNAs coding

199 , a pentacyclic triterpene isolated from the bark of the white birch tree, has been reported to be a

200 oduct of PaLAR3, was significantly higher in bark of trees homozygous for the novel allele.

201 Mothers recognized the contact barks of their own infants and often were strongly motiv

202 at ratios of 2:8 and 3:7, and 4.0% cinnamon bark oil and 3.0% thyme oil at ratios of 2:8 and 1:9, re

203 e combination of antifungal agents (cinnamon bark oil, zinc gluconate and trans-ferulic acid) in oil-

204 ndary phloem (rhytidome), the cork oak outer bark only contains thick layers of phellem (cork rings)

205 ds with concrete surfaces than in those with bark or rubberised surfaces (p < 0.001).

206 nes were differentially expressed in leaves, bark, or both.

207 For down wood and bark, over half of the C affected was converted to PyOM,

208 Maya astronomical tables are recognized in bark-paper books from the Late Postclassic period (1300

209 kDa bark storage protein (BSP) in the inner bark parenchyma and xylem rays.

210 X) or unoxidized (UO) pine wood (PW) or pine bark (PB) biochar produced at either 350 or 600 degrees

211 l as commercial available softwood and birch-bark pellets were investigated.

212 urian ash, but had no effect on constitutive bark phenolics, suggesting that they do not contribute t

213 ic sampler and that spatial analysis of tree bark POPs concentrations can often pinpoint their source

214 ity to GUS and activity was localized to the bark (primary and secondary phloem, and cortex) and xyle

215 ral perturbations (like the dog that did not bark) provides a critical clue to the function of a hidd

216 polymers of plants found in foliage, fruit, bark, roots, rhizomes, and seed coats that consist of fl

217 sult from tradeoffs and coordination between bark's multiple functions.

218 Twenty seven bark samples (tree age 8-92 years) were collected from r

219 Bark samples collected from the Peak District National P

220 eir spatial distributions, we collected tree bark samples from around Michigan and measured the conce

221 strongly between bark and leaf samples, with bark samples harbouring much greater bacterial diversity

222 We collected 27 tree bark samples near Sauget, IL, where 373000 mt of polychl

223 c compounds of different commercial chestnut bark samples was developed.

224 f total PBDE, DP, PBEB, and HBCD in the tree bark samples were significantly associated with human po

225 ding the composition and quality of chestnut bark samples, which is required since these samples are

226 ied and found for the first time in chestnut bark samples.

227 l plant, were also measured in the same tree bark samples.

228 cit, stochastic model is developed for Bahia bark scaling, a threat to citrus production in north-eas

229 ice Nav1.8 has amino acid variants that bind bark scorpion toxins and inhibit Na(+) currents, blockin

230 Bark scorpion venom induces pain in many mammals (house

231 Bark scorpions capitalize on the protective pain pathway

232 rasshopper mice regularly attack and consume bark scorpions, grooming only briefly when stung.

233 during normal growth in the root endodermis, bark, specialized organs (e.g., Solanum tuberosum (potat

234 by reporting on sexual behavior of Darwin's bark spider, Caerostris darwini.

235 torage involves the accumulation of a 32 kDa bark storage protein (BSP) in the inner bark parenchyma

236 In poplars (Populus), bspA encodes a 32-kD bark storage protein that accumulates in the inner bark

237 such as length trimming, shaft bending, and bark stripping [4, 6, 7].

238 ally, spectrographic analysis indicates that bark structure varies predictably with context, suggesti

239 Bark surfaces were not significantly more protective aga

240 Rubber or bark surfacing is associated with a low rate of injuries

241 nt with enhanced woody growth and changes in bark texture caused primarily by increased secondary phl

242 utrient limitation and low pH environment in bark, they seem to employ membrane transporters associat

243 We find that not accounting for variation in bark thickness across tree species underestimated carbon

244 prets the changes in xylem diameter and live bark thickness and separates the components responsible

245 Increasing bark thickness contributed significantly to stiffer stem

246 We quantify how bark thickness determines the ability of individual tree

247 Geographic variability in bark thickness is largely explained by annual burned are

248 sholds; saplings of savanna trees accumulate bark thickness more quickly than forest trees, and are m

249 The strong link between fire and bark thickness provides an avenue for assessing the vuln

250 The model separates the live bark thickness variations caused by bark water capacitan

251 ut also other relevant traits (e.g. seeding, bark thickness) and the different correlations among tra

252 lective force on a key fire-tolerance trait, bark thickness, across 572 tree species distributed worl

253 The lower bark thicknesses of plant species in forests decreased f

254 DNA library was created from cold-acclimated bark tissue of peach and selectively probed using an ant

255 ncing and metabolite profiling of balsam fir bark tissue, we identified candidate diterpene synthase

256 ibited higher expression in wood compared to bark tissues after fungal infection.

257 advantage of the easy separation of wood and bark tissues in young American elm saplings, here we sho

258 expression level in the apex, young stem and bark, tissues which also contain the highest levels of C

259 individual trees have accumulated sufficient bark to avoid stem death, whereas the fire-suppression t

260 ceous) and was associated with a switch from bark to rock and from shady to sun-exposed habitats.

261 l) to isolated auditory objects (e.g., a dog barking) to music.

262 ntiomeric fractions in the middle xylem, top bark, top xylem, and stem, reached 0.803 +/- 0.022, 0.64

263 Bark traits may also covary with wood and leaf traits as

264 ffs and functional coordination, we measured bark traits reflecting protection, storage, mechanics, a

265 Here we compare the cork oak outer bark transcriptome with that of holm oak.

266 s study investigated the cues used by female barking treefrogs, Hyla gratiosa, to assess distances to

267 erties reported for lichens, mosses, leaves, bark, trunk wood, insects, crustaceans, mammal and human

268 At the seasonal scale, bark turgor showed rapid changes during two droughts and

269 Beetles (bark/twig) were present in 92% of dead trees.

270 Have we therefore barked up the wrong tree over the past two decades?

271 ges in the phenolic content of Norway spruce bark upon E. polonica infection and the biochemical fact

272 vels of abscisic acid biosynthetic genes and bark/vegetative storage proteins suggested altered metab

273 the live bark thickness variations caused by bark water capacitance from a residual signal interprete

274 perichondrial groove of Ranvier and the bone bark were easily identifiable at MR imaging.

275 Here, extracts of cinnamon bark were shown to have potent in vitro anthelmintic pro

276 urban/industrial contaminants found in tree bark, which acts as a long-term passive atmospheric samp

277 mparison between cork oak and holm oak outer bark, which unveils new regulatory candidate genes of ph

278 of phenolic compounds found in Norway spruce bark with a diaryl-ethene skeleton with known antifungal

279 We also tested associations between bark, wood, and leaf traits.

280 microliths hafted with pitch from Podocarpus bark, worked suid tusks, ostrich eggshell beads, bone ar

281 the vegetative tissues tested (leaves, stem, bark, xylem and latex), suggesting that HbXIP2;1 could t