1                     Male Sprague-Dawley rats were bled to 50% of baseline mean arterial pressure (MAP

2                                         Pigs were bled to a cardiac index of 40 mL/kg/min for 2 hrs,

3                                         Rats were bled to a mean arterial pressure of 30 mm Hg and ma

4 dline laparotomy (i.e., soft-tissue trauma), were bled to a mean arterial pressure of 35 mm Hg for ap

5                           Hemorrhage animals were bled to a mean arterial pressure of 35 mm Hg.

6                      Unheparinized male rats were bled to a mean blood pressure of 45 +/- 3 mmHg.

7                                      Animals were bled to a mean blood pressure of 45 mmHg (1 mmHg =

8 nt laparotomy (i.e., soft tissue trauma) and were bled to and maintained at a blood pressure of 40 mm

9 s underwent sham operation or laparotomy and were bled to and maintained at a mean arterial blood pre

10                     Male C3H/HeN mice (25 g) were bled to and maintained at a mean arterial blood pre

11 cm laparotomy (i.e., trauma was induced) and were bled to and maintained at a mean arterial pressure

12 rotomy (i.e., induction of trauma), the rats were bled to and maintained at a mean arterial pressure

13 idline laparotomy (i.e., trauma-induced) and were bled to and maintained at a mean arterial pressure

14                          To study this, mice were bled to and maintained at a mean arterial pressure

15                                    Male rats were bled to and maintained at a mean arterial pressure

16 ine laparotomy (i.e., trauma induction), and were bled to and maintained at a mean arterial pressure

17  and heterozygous and homozygous mutant mice were bled to determine basal levels of insulin, glucose,