ライフサイエンスコーパス: be challenged by

1 When yeast cells are challenged by a fluctuating environment, signaling n

2 Photosynthetic eukaryotes are challenged by a fluctuating light supply, demanding

3 to model crude oil production GHG emissions are challenged by a lack of data.

4 Y chromosomes are challenged by a lack of recombination and are transm

5 This notion has been challenged by a growing pool of evidence that sugge

6 However, this finding has been challenged by a recent report suggesting that a pre

7 chizophrenic patients as self-medication has been challenged by a recent study that reported that smo

8 ently, the notion of segregated pathways has been challenged by a report showing that patches and int

9 However, this hypothesis has been challenged by a series of optical recording experim

10 However, the safety of AAV as a vector has been challenged by a single study that documented hepato

11 benefits of vision restoration therapy have been challenged by a study suggesting that no improvemen

12 d' for investigating neuronal signalling, is being challenged by a new generation of optical probes.

13 product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) or is being challenged by a noise exposure.

14 olymorphisms (SNPs) can also be detected but is challenged by a high AT content (81%) in P. falciparu

15 low-income countries, where quality of care is challenged by a lack of continuing education.

16 tional method for grading immature teratomas is challenged by a new classification.

17 This view is challenged by a new demonstration that a gaze directi

18 being composed of treadmilling microtubules, is challenged by a new study showing that these microtub

19 However, interpretation of 2D-CSIA data sets is challenged by a shortage of experimental Cl isotope e

20 cacy of haplotype-based association analysis is challenged by a trade-off between the benefits of mod

21 tical detection of non-coding driver regions is challenged by a varying mutation rate and uncertainty

22 to parameterize the model and ensure that it is challenged by a wide range of data corresponding to d

23 a, was indiscernible until the immune system was challenged by a pathogen.

24 microarray-based transcriptome analyses, it was challenged by a recent study using RNA sequencing an

25 sed drug funding process in Ontario, Canada, was challenged by a young mother with a breast tumor too

26 After a week, rats were challenged by a change in contingency to seek cocai

27 These findings were challenged by a second wave of reports that astrocy

28 a A mice and their control mice counterparts were challenged by a tail-clip bleeding assay.

29 logy, namely the definition of a module, has been challenged by Abe and co-workers in their recent st

30 significantly prolonged when treated cattle were challenged by aerosolization of FMDV, using a metho

31 Recently, the standard model has been challenged by alternative accounts that assume that

32 ics, systematic surveys for driver mutations are challenged by an abundance of passenger mutations ca

33 gesterone, are elevated and only when memory is challenged by an extended retention interval.

34 However, this premise has recently been challenged by analyses of the genomes of comb jelli

35 ients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma is challenged by anticipated discontinuation due to tumo

36 However, this assumption has been challenged by archaeological and osteological evide

37 tate-of-the-art gravimeters and seismometers is challenged by background seismic noise, its robust de

38 wever, successful chemokine protein delivery is challenged by barriers including the rapid diffusion

39 This long-held notion has recently been challenged by biological translocon-based experimen

40 maintained medical professional segregation were challenged by black and white physicians, both with

41 However, this proposal has been challenged by both theoretical and empirical studie

42 ulic fracturing, for reuse or final disposal is challenged by both high salinity and the presence of

43 In addition, opioids as adjuncts are being challenged by clonidine and ketamine, which have m

44 However, we reveal that thick-shell growth is challenged by competing processes: alloying and catio

45 orn GCs when their afferent GABAergic inputs are challenged by conditional gene targeting.

46 In nature, plants are challenged by constantly changing light conditions.

47 served position in front of the nucleus, has been challenged by contradictory observations.

48 The sensitivity of quantum magnetometer is challenged by control errors and, especially in the s

49 r cryptic roles can be revealed when tissues are challenged by controlled biophysical constraints.

50 Yet, these studies can be challenged by current limitations of tissue visualiza

51 Recently, this concept has been challenged by current experimentation showing that

52 previously accepted surgical principles have been challenged by current studies: the importance of di

53 l graphs and apparent small-world properties are challenged by data that reveal high-density cortical

54 ists, yet over the past two decades each has been challenged by data from the fossil record, by the r

55 Additionally, dogma is being challenged by data showing very low and even no or

56 bundance distributions (SADs) in ecology has been challenged by Dewdney.

57 When plants, such as Arabidopsis, are challenged by different pathogens, an increase in SA

58 The control of malaria is challenged by drug resistance, and new antimalarial d

59 d to channel catfish for 14 days before they were challenged by E. ictaluri in replicate.

60 ctivity and total energy expenditure [4] but are challenged by ecological studies in humans and other

61 continuous electroencephalography in the ICU is challenged by electroencephalography artifacts and th

62 he origin of replication in Escherichia coli is challenged by encounters with template damage, slow m

63 s that underlie the mechanism of translation is challenged by ensemble averaging in bulk solutions.

64 Cellular protein folding is challenged by environmental stress and aging, which l

65 d-based hypothesis of anesthetic action, has been challenged by evidence for direct anesthetic intera

66 Both of these standardly opposed views are challenged by existing data.

67 ontribution of the protein to redox activity is challenged by experimentally accessing both redox sta

68 ane-targeted green fluorescent protein (GFP) was challenged by exposure to HQ (100 microM).

69 mplex interventions, the assessment of which is challenged by factors that depend on operator, team,

70 wn (KD) mice and their wild-type littermates were challenged by feeding with a hepatotoxin 3,5-dietho

71 t-in-time transcriptional model has recently been challenged by findings that show the importance of

72 inds to ATP-agarose and that the interaction is challenged by free ATP, but not by free GTP.

73 The sustainability of the network is challenged by funding limitations, constraints in hum

74 er pH suggests that foraminifera will likely be challenged by future ocean conditions.

75 activated protein kinase (AMPK) has recently been challenged by genetic loss-of-function experiments.

76 from the diverging tectonic plates, but have been challenged by geophysical observations of asymmetri

77 specific manner; however, this assumption is being challenged by growing evidence that these viruses

78 these, 265 mice (149 males and 116 females) were challenged by HFD (42% fat); and 384 mice (239 male

79 Efforts are challenged by high tumor heterogeneity, though, both

80 ed approach to novel cancer drug development is challenged by high intratumor heterogeneity and inter

81 True cure is challenged by HIV latency, the ability of chromosomal

82 However, this view has recently been challenged by human genetic studies identifying som

83 Dengue vaccine development efforts are challenged by immunologic complexity, lack of an ade

84 an environment where their circadian system is challenged by inappropriate meal- or work-times.

85 When the V1-damaged hemisphere was challenged by incoming visual stimuli, or controlled

86 contrast with molecular-dynamic models which are challenged by increasing scale, and kinetic models w

87 ver, routine access to such clickable agents is challenged by inefficient and/or poorly defined multi

88 becomes relevant only when those individuals are challenged by injury.

89 immunology into innate and adaptive immunity is challenged by innate-like T lymphocytes that use inna

90 However, their in vivo application is challenged by insufficient accumulation and retention

91 d therapy; however, this anticancer strategy is challenged by insufficient efficacy, intrinsic refrac

92 However, this technology is challenged by insurance coverage policies that hinder

93 inactivation, and actively immunized rabbits were challenged by intrastromal injection of active rPAS

94 Wild-type or tlr4 mice were challenged by intratracheal instillation of lipopol

95 However, the design of such studies is challenged by issues surrounding study design, choosi

96 agricultural land, for food security, might be challenged by its policy to promote economic growth t

97 er, efforts at designing TAR inhibitors have been challenged by its high degree of structural flexibi

98 LambdaCDM is being challenged by its apparent inability to explain th

99 Management of this devastating pathogen is challenged by its remarkable speed of adaptation to c

100 g the mechanical properties of nanomaterials is challenged by its small size, difficulty of manipulat

101 Paper based ITP is challenged by Joule heating and evaporation because i

102 entury, reductionism as a concept in biology was challenged by key thinkers, including Ludwig von Ber

103 At this small scale, where locomotion is challenged by large viscous drag, organisms must gene

104 model to field data of benzene contamination was challenged by large uncertainties in CSIA data and t

105 suggested that the viability of these cells was challenged by light limitation.

106 Efforts to regenerate tendon are challenged by limited understanding of its normal de

107 dvancement of MO-based diagnostics, however, is challenged by limited understanding of the surface or

108 key in development of novel therapeutics but is challenged by lineage-specific expression signals.

109 l prick test, in which the esophageal mucosa is challenged by local injection of allergen extracts, c

110 This principle has been challenged by long-standing theoretical models pred

111 DNA-based diagnostics for Candida BSI will be challenged by low organism density and the need for s

112 nents in man-made plasmonic nanocircuits has been challenged by low transfer efficiencies that motiva

113 mic viability of 9% of current coal capacity is challenged by low natural gas prices, while another 5

114 the superiorities of TMUPS, its adoption has been challenged by manufacturing problems, such as compr

115 teness at the onset of seizures has recently been challenged by measures of gradually decreasing inte

116 curacy and reliability of analytical results were challenged by method validation and comparison with

117 though this remains an appealing idea, it is being challenged by modern cross-species research.

118 ogenic placodes are vertebrate novelties has been challenged by morphological and molecular data from

119 Consumer acceptability of whole wheat foods is challenged by negative bitter flavour attributes.

120 Triplex formation is challenged by negative charge repulsion between third

121 for ChAT maintenance when the motor neurons are challenged by nerve crush.

122 I argue that this account is challenged by neuropsychological findings and visual

123 However, in the last decade this dogma has been challenged by new findings on non-coding RNAs (ncRN

124 This simple model is challenged by new evidence revealing that a catalytic

125 in wall mechanics and growth, but this view is challenged by newer results.

126 Diagnosing myocarditis is challenged by nonspecific clinical signs and symptoms

127 Tumor progression is challenged by numerous intrinsic and extrinsic bottle

128 This view has recently been challenged by observations of extremely sharp corro

129 This was challenged by observations that gO-null mutants were

130 lopment, but the soundness of this model has been challenged by others, who concluded that differenti

131 This program is challenged by our ignorance of the physiological and

132 uorescent proteins in living mammalian cells is challenged by out-of-focus fluorescence excitation.

133 cesses can be hidden unless affected tissues are challenged by physical constraints.

134 Single-cell DNA sequencing methods are challenged by poor physical coverage, high technical

135 ty, the clonal evolution model, has recently been challenged by proponents of the cancer stem cell hy

136 peutic use of SDF-1 in hindlimb ischemia may be challenged by proteolytic degradation.

137 These results are challenged by recent analyses of large US databases

138 However, this prevailing view has been challenged by recent behavioral studies.

139 k factor for cardiovascular (CV) disease has been challenged by recent clinical trials and genetic st

140 sis in inhibition of axonal regeneration has been challenged by recent findings in rodent model's spi

141 f spontaneous neural activity as 'noise' has been challenged by recent findings suggesting that: (a)

142 ranscription and translation in bacteria has been challenged by recent reports of spatial segregation

143 translation, however, are not clear and have been challenged by recent ribosome profiling studies.

144 This hypothesis has been challenged by recent studies of conditional Preseni

145 However, this concept has been challenged by recent studies of the mantle source o

146 This view has been challenged by recent studies revealing the existenc

147 This hypothesis has been challenged by recent studies showing worse cognitiv

148 This approach has been challenged by recent studies suggesting that second

149 iate appendectomy to prevent perforation has been challenged by recent studies supporting a semielect

150 rom thermalized states, but this picture has been challenged by recent studies that have investigated

151 origin of the myofibroblast in fibrosis has been challenged by recent studies, with the pericyte sug

152 However, this function of ZipA has been challenged by recent studies.

153 inhibitors for the majority of patients--is being challenged by recent clinical trials (Intracoronar

154 tic lithium-air batteries, whereas this view is challenged by recent contrasting observations.

155 This long-standing view is challenged by recent studies which suggest that stabi

156 This dogma was challenged by recent findings of rotavirus in the se

157 e of existing cysts, and whether the kidneys were challenged by renal injury.

158 ectivity, though this assertion has recently been challenged by reports of increased connectivity in

159 r, the standard interpretation of replay has been challenged by reports that similar activity is obse

160 rtance of HLA matching, which have, in turn, been challenged by reports that suggest the continuing i

161 Recently, this notion was challenged by reports that showed a broader differen

162 ssessing the clinical efficacy of niacin has been challenged by results from AIM-HIGH, which failed t

163 es exit from the SAC only when mitotic cells are challenged by retained catenation and this delayed e

164 rd blood, healthy young children, and adults were challenged by RSV or cocultured with infected HEp-2

165 tical objectives where replicate experiments are challenged by sample complexity.

166 significance of nosocomial transmission has been challenged by screening on admission studies and wh

167 ture/immunodetection methods, which for AMPK are challenged by sequence similarities and difficulties

168 ll intestine epithelial cell homeostasis has been challenged by several groups using various promoter

169 of hyperkalemia confer cardiotoxic risk have been challenged by several reports of patients with atyp

170 This paradigm has recently been challenged by several studies on a multimodular sig

171 ureteral reflux (VUR) and renal scarring has been challenged by several studies.

172 ed by its partner protein TIMELESS (TIM) has been challenged by several studies.

173 he United States to effectively perform ASTs is challenged by several factors.

174 s active in very dim light the visual system is challenged by several sources of visual noise.

175 These claims were challenged by several commentaries that contested t

176 ical management of prostate cancer (PCA) has been challenged by significant intratumoural heterogenei

177 dstone reservoirs, but their performance can be challenged by small-scale reactions and other process

178 ence (RNAi) therapeutics targeting NF-kappaB is challenged by small interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery

179 onance (NMR) is widely used in the field but is challenged by spectral complexity and overlap.

180 m appeared to be ineffective if mitochondria were challenged by Sr2+ instead of Ca2+.

181 Since this concept has been challenged by studies demonstrating complete relaxa

182 More recently, however, this notion has been challenged by studies showing that tumors maintain

183 rts of an efficient, molecular catalyst have been challenged by studies suggesting that formation of

184 This traditional view has been challenged by studies that propose an alternative,

185 erated from fetal progenitors, but this view is challenged by studies concluding that B-1 production

186 hypothesis has never been demonstrated, and is challenged by studies suggesting the occurrence of po

187 However, this view was challenged by studies using 'MEK1-ERK1/2-specific' p

188 cine (TDV) and 4 DENV-naive control subjects were challenged by subcutaneous inoculation of either 10

189 anagement in the United States and elsewhere is challenged by substantial uncertainty regarding the l

190 followed by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) are challenged by such isomers that often coelute in LC

191 roteins cause these pathological changes has been challenged by suggestions that they have a protecti

192 ADAMTS-4/5-double-knockout mice were challenged by surgical induction of joint instabili

193 This division is challenged by targeted recordings from rabbit retina,

194 graphically widespread human malaria species-is challenged by technical difficulties, such as the lac

195 ing that even the most veteran clinician can be challenged by techniques that demand anatomical assum

196 hen such P2VP-silica nanocomposite particles are challenged by the addition of sterically stabilized

197 Globally, fisheries are challenged by the combined impacts of overfishing, d

198 pe of interacting bonds, but interpretations are challenged by the complex mechanical behavior of pol

199 us type 1 (HIV-1) during long-term treatment are challenged by the evolution of anti-viral resistance

200 Efforts to target endogenous MAPKs are challenged by the fact that these kinases are requir

201 the worldwide computational infrastructure, are challenged by the impact of these data volumes.

202 ods or sensors for research and applications are challenged by the low concentrations and wide dynami

203 several manual sample preparation steps and are challenged by the microscopic mass-limited samples g

204 The physician and health user will be challenged by the convergence of 2 major trends, whol

205 Cancer treatment continues to be challenged by the development of therapeutic resistan

206 he interpretation of such shifts is shown to be challenged by the heterogeneous nature of MG structur

207 or choice of reperfusion therapy continue to be challenged by the most recent published data.

208 aradigmatic value of this model has begun to be challenged by the research community.

209 natural gas prices, while another 56% would be challenged by the stricter emission regulations.

210 tion of the therapeutic potential of RIT has been challenged by the absence of adequate ligand, a cri

211 te-based radar imagery for such purposes has been challenged by the apparent loss of signal sensitivi

212 The power of microarrays in neuroscience has been challenged by the cellular heterogeneity and comple

213 muscle exert straight pull on the globe has been challenged by the claim that the muscles also go th

214 ding spectral interpretation approaches have been challenged by the complexities of the cell shape, o

215 cieties, researchers in social sciences have been challenged by the complexity and diversity of human

216 nic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases has been challenged by the description of IL-35, a bioactive

217 patterns of active demyelination, which has been challenged by the description of stage-dependent se

218 protein molecularly imprinted polymers have been challenged by the difficulties in facilitating biom

219 However, the field has been challenged by the difficulties in obtaining native

220 This picture has been challenged by the discovery of a dense and almost s

221 This view has been challenged by the discovery of non-receptor activat

222 standard steric shielding model has recently been challenged by the discovery of stable downstream in

223 s are primarily driven by a Th1 response has been challenged by the discovery of Th17 cells.

224 re circadian rhythm; however, this dogma has been challenged by the discovery that each of the clock

225 Their use, however, has been challenged by the fact that these particles are inh

226 ib in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has been challenged by the frequent emergence of resistant c

227 ence of slowly cycling, adult stem cells has been challenged by the identification of actively cyclin

228 However, community-wide virus studies have been challenged by the lack of a universal marker.

229 vaccines to ultimate human applications has been challenged by the lack of animal models with an imm

230 spital management, previous comparisons have been challenged by the lack of comparable data.

231 In addition, the giant-impact theory has been challenged by the Moon's unexpectedly Earth-like is

232 This concept has been challenged by the more recent definition of follicu

233 wever, live-cell superresolution imaging has been challenged by the need to image three-dimensional (

234 re key to coexistence, however, has recently been challenged by the neutral theory of biodiversity, w

235 However, this view has been challenged by the observation that an absence of bo

236 However, this hypothesis has been challenged by the observation that CR can extend ye

237 the bacterial infiltration which could have been challenged by the presence of a vital pulp.

238 oli begins with endonucleolytic cleavage has been challenged by the recent discovery that RNA decay c

239 cal trial data from the last millennium have been challenged by the results of the prospective, rando

240 n the more recently derived angiosperms, has been challenged by the scarce fossil record.

241 Our efforts are being challenged by the complexity of Plasmodium's life

242 ata, classical population genetics tools are being challenged by the increasing availability of genom

243 rrently, treatment algorithms for HR-CLL are being challenged by the introduction of novel classes of

244 pressure thresholds and treatment goals are being challenged by the recognition that the real target

245 rospray mass spectrometry (ESI/MS), however, is challenged by the absence of a permanent charge on th

246 This view is challenged by the attraction effect, in which the rel

247 ork activity contributes to memory formation is challenged by the complexity of most brain circuits a

248 y new approaches for lignin depolymerization is challenged by the complexity of this aromatic biopoly

249 mains high on the sustainability agenda, but is challenged by the costs of producing fermentable suga

250 d explanation for antidepressant drug action is challenged by the delayed clinical onset of most agen

251 Quantitative NMR-based metabolite profiling is challenged by the deleterious effects of abundant pro

252 generation of information technology, but it is challenged by the diffraction limit of light.

253 Cancer therapy is challenged by the diversity of molecular implementati

254 reast cancer patients; however, such therapy is challenged by the emergence of resistance in tumor ce

255 na or that they are caused by shared factors is challenged by the evidence that hyperuricaemia drives

256 For a fly, sensory perception is challenged by the extreme performance demands of high

257 obustness of the vectorial capacity approach is challenged by the fact that the empirical data violat

258 However, this simple physical description is challenged by the fact that the pattern differs quant

259 irect physiological sensors of hypoglycaemia is challenged by the finding that the basal sensory neur

260 for a given receptor-steroid complex, which is challenged by the findings that various cofactors/rea

261 This model is challenged by the glycosylating Clostridium perfringe

262 identification of additional IAP substrates is challenged by the heterogeneity and sheer number of u

263 development of lentiviral-based therapeutics is challenged by the high cost of current Good Manufactu

264 he digestive system withstands fossilization is challenged by the identification of brain and ganglia

265 Research advancement in magnetoelectronics is challenged by the lack of a table-top magnetic measur

266 s associated with comprehensive smoking bans is challenged by the need to adjust for nonlinearity in

267 ell therapies work only via cell replacement is challenged by the observation of consistent intercell

268 is primarily imagistic, analog, and holistic is challenged by the presence of abstract diagrammatic g

269 and become hypoxic, their redox homeostasis is challenged by the production of nitric oxide and reac

270 complex program set into motion when the ER is challenged by the production or persistence of more p

271 tion reactions involving heteroatom transfer is challenged by the small energetic differences between

272 abnormal phenotypes for downstream research is challenged by the small sample size, the rare event n

273 hylakoids and unstacked stroma lamellae that is challenged by the tight stacking and low protein mobi

274 However, this model was challenged by the differential interference contrast

275 He was challenged by the gap between cellular immunology an

276 Recently, this view was challenged by the isolation of 3',8-cyclo-7,8-dihydr

277 ed cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) were challenged by the aerosol route with doses equivale

278 domness of mutagenesis that drives evolution were challenged by the discovery of mutation pathways ac

279 Past studies of polycrystalline BPs were challenged by the existence of grain boundaries bet

280 terize cell death in tularemia, C57BL/6 mice were challenged by the intranasal route with type A F. t

281 Mainstream diagnostic assays are challenged by their intrinsic diversity, leading to

282 ortunately, the study of muscle SP cells has been challenged by their low abundance and the absence o

283 d conservation of deep-sea coral communities is challenged by their commercial harvest for the jewelr

284 urrent US national policy to expand CHCs may be challenged by these workforce issues.

285 e question of how evolutionary theories have been challenged by these molecules in association with e

286 Mitochondrial function is challenged by toxic by-products of metabolism as well

287 This view has been challenged by two observations suggesting an appare

288 This longstanding paradigm is being challenged by two papers discussed herein.

289 ew pigments sharing delocalized excitons has been challenged by ultrafast optical spectroscopy experi

290 routes require high metal-dye affinities and are challenged by unfavorable electrostatic interactions

291 r, a comprehensive model of the carbon cycle is challenged by unicellular eukaryotes (protists) havin

292 isting normalization methods to metabolomics is challenged by unsatisfied modeling assumptions and, n

293 In this work, the hypothesis is challenged by using the carbon analogue (C7) of the b

294 duce a consistent phenotypic outcome despite being challenged by variable conditions, during cell fat

295 Throughout their life, plants are challenged by various abiotic and biotic stress fact

296 he caller is widespread, but this belief has been challenged by various studies, possibly because lar

297 This anthropocentric lens is challenged by ways of testing Van de Vliert's thesis

298 fruits, vegetables, and fiber, have recently been challenged by well-designed prospective trials.

299 This simple view was challenged by work in the cat, which lacks the direc

300 This interpretation has recently been challenged by Zilhao and colleagues, who suggest th