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1 urrent results suggest that capecitabine can be substituted for 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin for ci
5 five Ca2+-binding aspartates in the C2-motif is substituted for a serine, suggesting that these C2-do
7 The more polarizable methionine side chain was substituted for a leucine, in an attempt to enhance
14 alpha allele was identified in which guanine was substituted for adenine at nucleotide 1902, causing
17 er amino acids in the cytoplasmic tail could be substituted for alanine with minimal influence on fun
22 nt EBNA-3A protein in which alanine residues were substituted for amino acids 199, 200, and 202 no lo
23 t encoded a Fur protein in which a histidine was substituted for an arginine at amino acid position 1
26 n FGF-23, the mutant form in which glutamine is substituted for arginine at position 179 (R179Q), and
28 B were substituted by serines and a cysteine was substituted for Asp 56 to yield D56C/C207S/C309S Che
29 A, glyA, pgm, and tkt); however, adk and pgi were substituted for aspA and gltA in C. lari and for gl
32 ase displayed no catalytic activity when GTP was substituted for ATP as the phospho-donor substrate,
33 ress ARG8(m) when this normally nuclear gene is substituted for ATP6 or ATP8 in mitochondrial DNA.
36 responsible for autoinhibition of cGKII, Ala was substituted for basic residues (Lys(122), Arg(118),
39 Southern blot analysis of blood samples may be substituted for bone marrow to monitor the response t
40 t in which the unsaturated lipid dioleoyl PC was substituted for Borrelia PC, failed to form ordered
43 last at pre-primitive streak stages where it is substituted for by P-cadherin We also show that Snail
44 tubule-organizing activity of the centrosome is substituted for by the combined action of chromatin a
46 on reaction in which preassembled GPI donors are substituted for C-terminal signal sequences in nasce
49 recorded at 34 degreesC, and strontium could be substituted for calcium with no effect on sEPSC shape
51 bserved with any outcome when animal protein was substituted for carbohydrate, CHD mortality was asso
53 ing three weekly extinction sessions, saline was substituted for cocaine but responding still produce
54 tinguished when cocaine methiodide or saline was substituted for cocaine hydrochloride in the intrave
55 ted to the cocaine-induced increases, saline was substituted for cocaine in the infusion, leaving all
57 maintained when either RU 24969 or CP 94,253 was substituted for cocaine, indicating that these 5-HT1
59 tobacterium fischeri NADH:FMN oxidoreductase was substituted for component B in the complete reaction
60 is binding was strongly reduced when alanine was substituted for conserved residues in the motif.
69 hesis, a unique surface-exposed cysteine has been substituted for either M23 or G51 to produce the co
71 itially, all of the nonliganding amino acids were substituted for either glycine, FdM-7-PolyGly (.CGG
72 cations known to activate the Ca2+ receptor were substituted for elevated levels of extracellular Ca
73 gimen in which gatifloxacin (400 mg per day) was substituted for ethambutol during the intensive phas
74 uence and most of the EPO gene in which lacZ was substituted for exon 1 (5'-lacZ-EPO) demonstrated in
76 of liquid fuel displacement when switchgrass is substituted for fuel oil as opposed to gasoline, sugg
82 rrents when the chaotropic anion thiocyanate was substituted for gluconate in the whole-cell recordin
87 rprisingly, R(6)R(4)R(1)-eglin, in which Arg was substituted for Gly(40) in R(4)R(1)-eglin, exhibited
88 lity of mutations in which bulky amino acids are substituted for glycine is predicted by their positi
89 e kinetic isotope effect when deuteroglycine was substituted for glycine was small for the wild-type
90 When a short synthetic peptide substrate was substituted for GP b, the inhibition was negligible,
91 Proliferation occurred when SEA or live eggs were substituted for growth factors, but not for serum.
92 inor-groove hydrogen bonds with the protein, is substituted for guanine at various positions in the D
96 ng variants of TAR in which inosine residues were substituted for guanosine residues support the resu
97 in, was reduced to 42% of control when HEPES was substituted for HCO3- and was reduced to 36% of cont
102 ope (env) gene of FeLV-945, or the LTR only, was substituted for homologous sequences in a horizontal
103 sidues identified as critical for P3 binding were substituted for homologous residues in the I-less i
106 e but vastly different electronegativity has been substituted for hydrogen as a means of modifying ch
109 There was a 3-fold decrease in rate when Val was substituted for Ile or Gln, nearly a 10-fold decreas
110 Recent data suggest that the C6 ELISA can be substituted for immunoblots without a reduction in ei
111 ted with mutant Epo-R in which phenylalanine was substituted for individual tyrosines, a significant
115 hat contained the Swedish mutation, where NL is substituted for KM immediately upstream of the cleava
119 specific examples, m-acetyl-l-phenylalanine was substituted for Lys7 of the cytoplasmic protein Z do
120 minal amino acids, proline and glycine, that were substituted for lysine and aspartic acid for optima
123 free radical scavenger or a melatonin analog were substituted for melatonin under otherwise identical
125 exhibit enhanced mismatch ligation when Mn2+is substituted for Mg2+, but the Tsp. AK16D ligase remai
127 herefore, in subsequent experiments AmpliWax was substituted for mineral oil, and PCR was performed o
129 n transcription, the Renilla luciferase gene was substituted for most of c-myc exon 2, and transient
130 allele (DQA1*0103/DQB1*0601, DQ6 for short) was substituted for mouse MHC class II molecules but rem
131 ntrations of TC and LDL cholesterol, when PO was substituted for MUFAs and PUFAs, were not significan
132 years after the renal transplant, sirolimus was substituted for mycophenolate mofetil in a maintenan
135 ATP-induced processing were blocked when NaI was substituted for NaCl within the medium; substitution
137 stant has an isotope effect of >2 when NADPD is substituted for NADPH and probably is associated with
138 (trans) was significantly reduced when NADPD was substituted for NADPH, resulting in an apparent (D)k
142 by chemically modifying cysteines that have been substituted for other amino acids located within th
143 e does not seem to cause weight gain when it is substituted for other carbohydrates in diets providin
148 pears that residues smaller than leucine may be substituted for Pro(101) without decreasing catalytic
149 ted by mutant Envs in which charged residues are substituted for proline, nor is it supported by the
150 ydrophobic residues phenylalanine or leucine are substituted for proline, trimerization is weakened.
153 cess decreases to 7.6 s(-)(1) when deuterons are substituted for protons in the aromatic ring of the
157 ross-linked by a disulfide to cysteines that are substituted for residues in loop alpha2 or in the al
160 decrease in affinity was observed when (5F)W was substituted for residues near the binding interface.
161 ross-linking experiments in which single Cys were substituted for residues 2-21 of the native subunit
162 zation domains of CaM KII (residues 281-478) were substituted for residues 781-972 of smMLCK, MK(CK28
164 s when S-adenosyl homocysteine or sinefungin are substituted for S-adenosyl methionine, and ADP or AT
168 ated three mutant receptors in which alanine was substituted for serine and threonine residues in the
170 aroyl-2-arachidonoylphosphatidylethanolamine was substituted for sn-1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidyle
173 n in which fully assembled GPI anchor donors are substituted for specific COOH-terminal signal peptid
175 tory activity is retained when hemisuccinate is substituted for sulfate at C-3, suggesting that it is
180 main of the epidermal growth factor receptor was substituted for that of VEGFR-1 (EGLT) or VEGFR-2 (E
181 nsmembrane domain of HSV glycoprotein B or D was substituted for that of VSV-G, but these recombinant
183 exchange chemistry in which biotin moieties are substituted for the thioester-linked protein acyl-mo
185 QQNGEIAQLWDFN) demonstrated that alanine may be substituted for the aromatic and acidic amino acids w
186 However, we show here that a U or G can be substituted for the bulged C provided that specific n
187 rating that these amino acid side chains may be substituted for the imidazole in the design of MC4R-s
188 that chemically nonreactive side chains may be substituted for the imidazole ring (generally needs t
189 en the expected long-term contribution could be substituted for the observed, providing (1)/(4) (sinc
192 the smaller hydrophobic amino acid Val could be substituted for the wild-type Leu, the larger hydroph
193 gene, and conversely, IIIA 5' sequences have been substituted for the analogous region of the IIIB ge
194 timulating factor (GM-CSF) cDNA sequence has been substituted for the E3-gp19 gene in oncolytic adeno
195 nt mice in which the bacterial lacZ gene has been substituted for the minK coding region such that be
196 which homologous portions of SNF2/SWI2 have been substituted for the MOT1 ATPase can bind to TBP-DNA
198 EI(H189E) and EI(H189A) (in which Glu or Ala is substituted for the active site His189) have been mea
199 1), in which the CYDMKTTC sequence of beta 3 is substituted for the corresponding beta 1 sequence CTS
201 ear phiX dsDNA fragment (1.1 kilobase pairs) is substituted for the full-length linear phiX dsDNA sub
205 ecreases by 3 orders of magnitude if alanine is substituted for the newly discovered binding componen
206 -D gel" approach, in which mass spectrometry is substituted for the size-based separation of SDS-PAGE
207 lectric GHG emission factor (7.2 g CO2e/kWh) is substituted for the SK grid-average electricity GHG e
209 highly stable D1 mutant in which an alanine is substituted for the threonine at position 286 and tha
212 nity for lidocaine block, a cysteine residue was substituted for the 3rd outermost charged residue in
213 NA (cDNA) nt 1429, predicting that a proline was substituted for the alanine in amino acid position 4
214 either mitochondrial cytochrome bc1 or F1F0 was substituted for the alkaliphile F1F0, the correlatio
216 way epithelial cell-specific promoter, CC10, was substituted for the CMV enhancer/promoter to control
217 es cerevisiae Pol zeta in which phenyalanine was substituted for the conserved Leu-979 in the catalyt
218 MP-dependent protein kinase (cGKII), alanine was substituted for the conserved threonine or serine.
219 ariant nucleotides from the M18 has promoter was substituted for the corresponding positions in the M
220 es a chimeric RyR (chimeraR16) in which sR16 was substituted for the corresponding region of RyR2.
221 ar loop of the rat heart (rH1) alpha subunit was substituted for the corresponding segment of the rat
222 c, since analogous peptides in which alanine was substituted for the E39 residue did not inhibit inte
223 easured 24-hour urinary creatinine clearance was substituted for the glomerular filtration rate.
224 protein of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSVG) was substituted for the glycoprotein of LCMV (LCMV-GP) w
225 kably, when the V3 loop of a CCR5-tropic Env was substituted for the IIIBx Env, the resulting chimera
226 lytically inactive MEKK (in which methionine was substituted for the lysine at position 432) also inh
227 a stronger late domain when an aspartic acid was substituted for the native serine, recapitulating th
230 M-1 in the VTA was extinguished when vehicle was substituted for the peptide and was reinstated when
231 to modify Na+ channel gating currents, a Cys was substituted for the Phe in the IFM motif of the inac
232 ges in CHD/CVD risk markers occurred when PO was substituted for the primary dietary fats, whereas on
234 42Hs/Ras chimera in which loop 8 from Ha-Ras was substituted for the region in Cdc42Hs that contains
235 PBS and U5 region from this proviral genome was substituted for the same region in the infectious HI
236 pted in its center by a hammerhead ribozyme, was substituted for the Sm protein binding site between
238 bility-weighted contrast-enhanced MR imaging was substituted for the typically performed structural c
239 which the gene for green fluorescent protein was substituted for the VSV G protein gene (VSV Delta G*
241 he carboxyl-terminal 30 amino acids of GLUT4 were substituted for the amino-terminal cytoplasmic doma
244 proteins phosphatase-1 (GEFD) or -2A (YRCG) were substituted for the calcineurin sequence DVYN (313-
245 mutants that failed to bind GDP-Ran in vitro were substituted for the chromosomal yeast NTF2, the yea
246 1 coding sequences of the virulent strain IM were substituted for the corresponding region in the vac
247 from P450 2C3dH between residues 201 and 210 were substituted for the corresponding residues in P450
251 , heterologous membrane targetting sequences were substituted for the middle T antigen transmembrane
255 ucture, fragments of E. coli chromosomal DNA were substituted for the SGS: first, repeat sequences as
256 Two alternative "pK-matched" buffer systems were substituted for the traditionally used Mops-based c
257 D and E, and their neutral amides, N and Q, were substituted for the valines at positions 94 and 96.
259 ably, when the synthetic open reading frames were substituted for the wild-type open reading frames i
260 7 DNA polymerase in which aliphatic residues are substituted for these amino acids and experiments wi
262 iferase reporter genes, firefly and renilla, are substituted for those of human gamma and beta globin
263 BalC1, in which cytochrome P450 2C1 residues were substituted for those of cytochrome P450 2C2 in the
264 Even when all interfacial residues of MCP were substituted for those of GpA (MCP-GpA), association
265 rated in which the selected residues in EntC were substituted for those of Irp9: these included A303T
268 043 was identified that causes an alanine to be substituted for threonine, a highly conserved amino a
271 e arms, a Triticum monococcum Nor9 haplotype was substituted for Triticum aestivum Nor9 haplotypes on
274 va or right atrial oxyhemoglobin saturations were substituted for true mixed venous blood in oxygen t
277 onomeric type I collagen, or type V collagen was substituted for type I collagen, no tubes formed.
279 e or Gln, nearly a 10-fold decrease when Ala was substituted for Tyr, and an increase in polymerizati
281 ic amino acid p-benzoyl phenylalanine (pBzF) was substituted for Tyr72, which led to a catalytically
284 s was impaired when purified ER preparations were substituted for unfractionated cell lysates as the
285 utside the middle layers or when LFP signals were substituted for unit activity, due to an increasing
288 due at position 2 of the gp41 fusion peptide is substituted for Val (V2E) to produce one mutant.
291 A bound ADP cofactor was evident when Asp was substituted for Val at residue 65, but ATP in a line
292 er protein transthyretin in which isoleucine is substituted for valine at position 122 (Ile 122).
293 or site-specific mutants in which Ala or Gly was substituted for various hydrophobic side-chains.
294 on method (mCIM), in which tryptic soy broth was substituted for water during the inactivation step a
298 ally inactive HL or LRP binding-defective HL was substituted for wild-type HL, indicating that much o
299 when a point mutant (D330A) of procaspase-9 was substituted for wild-type procaspase-9 in the apopto
300 eneral, and a variety of reducing agents can be substituted for Zn and still effect copolymerization.
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