ライフサイエンスコーパス: beak

1 he retina and ferrimagnetic particles in the beak.

2 l-dopa, to be sclerotization agents of squid beak.

3 escribe additional cross-links from D. gigas beak.

4 ngue placement on the sound emitted from the beak.

5 emarcated the dorsoventral axis of the upper beak.

6 process-derived structures such as the upper beak.

7 deposition of pollen on the bird's head and beak.

8 beyond the adult state of ancestors) in the beak.

9 bands, before development of the functional beak.

10 nerals in their powerful mouthparts known as beaks.

11 ally high cross-link density found in mature beaks.

12 iversity lies in the size and shape of their beaks.

13 resource-exploiting traits such as jaws and beaks.

14 lar symphyses that probably bore keratinized beaks.

15 skeletal projections of the upper and lower beaks.

16 ne seams in all paired groups without intact beaks.

17 f origin in TGFbeta3-treated palates without beaks.

18 tions for understanding the evolution of the beak, an important feeding structure present in several

19 rs from other amniotes in having developed a beak and associated craniofacial structures that seeming

20 ing the developmental correspondence between beak and braincase may be the key novelty in classic pas

21 ubunit morphology (40S vs 30S): the extended beak and crest features of the head, the back lobes, and

22 which impact forces are transmitted between beak and envelope is a matter of considerable scientific

23 Deleterious effects of an outbreak of beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) were revealed on h

24 of 11 years and screened for the circovirus Beak and feather disease virus (BFDV).

25 us Gyrovirus, while porcine circoviruses and Beak and feather disease virus belong to the genus CIRCO

26 Porcine circovirus type 2 and beak and feather disease virus show similar capsid struc

27 ling period, a severe outbreak of psittacine beak and feather disease, which is caused by BFDV, occur

28 a rapidly evolving single-strand DNA virus, beak and feather diseases virus (BFDV), which infects pa

29 e avian somatosensory system, input from the beak and head reaches the telencephalon via a disynaptic

30 Instead, the beak and skull are highly integrated structures strongly

31 suggests that the jaw consists of the dentin beak and supportive bone.

32 2J19A only in the retina and CYP2J19B in the beak and tarsus and to a variable extent in the retina.

33 Wild-type ketocarotenoids were absent in the beak and tarsus of yellowbeak birds.

34 delphinoids and of canyons and seamounts to beaked and sperm whales, and quantified seasonal shifts

35 el with the highest specificity included SMV beaking and SBO, and the remaining signs showed lower ac

36 ee with the highest specificity included SMV beaking and SBO, with a diagnostic odds ratio of 105 (95

37 signal evolution, such that birds with large beaks and body sizes have evolved songs with comparative

38 Our results indicate that the development of beaks and the presence of a keratinous rhamphotheca woul

39 o new signs, superior mesenteric vein (SMV) "beaking" and "criss-cross" of the mesenteric vessels.

40 tial domains of Wnt activity differ in avian beaks, and that Wnt signals regulate Bmp pathway activit

41 ns for the presence of a coalition are talar beaking, anteater nose sign, and C sign.

42 Bird beaks are textbook examples of ecological adaptation to

43 recent epizootic outbreak, in China, of duck beak atrophy and dwarfism syndrome (BADS) was investigat

44 ound that males exhibited perceptibly redder beaks, brighter tarsi and darker plumage than did female

45 Thus, ground finches have deep and wide beaks, cactus finches have long and pointed beaks (low d

46 beak prominences, the shapes of the chicken beak can be modulated.

47 hat dental novelties, such as the pufferfish beak, can develop later in ontogeny through modified con

48 porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) and one short-beaked common dolphin (Delphinus delphis) and in one 'du

49 largest mass stranding event (MSE) of short-beaked common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) occurred in F

50 Detection of bird-beak configuration is helpful in the prediction of adver

51 Bird-beak configuration was observed in 28 (44%) of 64 patien

52 The presence and length of the bird-beak configuration were compared with the formation of e

53 Bird-beak configuration, defined as the incomplete apposition

54 ic, indicating that the mostly coastal 'long-beaked' D. capensis form is not a single globally distri

55 nes, which themselves were prepared by Hoppe-Beak deprotonation of ethyl 2,4,6-triisopropyl-benzoate

56 d falcon-specific evolutionary novelties for beak development and olfaction and specifically for home

57 Beak development in chicken and duck was used to examine

58 of the limitations imposed by the process of beak development on generating such variation is unclear

59 ng pathways and tissues patterning Loxigilla beaks differ among the three species.

60 Bird beaks display tremendous variation in shape and size, wh

61 ules to explain the observed variation, with beak diversity constrained to a three parameter family o

62 However, much of the beak diversity in birds depends on variation in the prem

63 tion, and paired palatal shelves with intact beaks do not adhere or undergo transformation, even when

64 otential loss of up to 80% of suitable white-beaked dolphin habitat.

65 capes, and the astonishing variations of the beak enable a wide range of avian lifestyles.

66 hanistic explanation for the independence of beak evolution along different axes.

67 Here, we show that the hydrated beak exhibits a large stiffness gradient, spanning two o

68 he craniofacial skeleton, including jaws and beaks, figures prominently in discussions of adaptive di

69 morphological structures like the pufferfish beak form via a conserved developmental bauplan capable

70 edentulism and the development of keratinous beaks form a recurring and persistent trend in from the

71 neck were acquired to quantify the effect of beak geometry and neck musculature on the stability duri

72 ort and demonstrated experimentally that the beak geometry and the dynamics of tweezering may be tune

73 imens in which soft-tissue structures of the beak have been preserved.

74 dimensions (depth, width and length) of the beak have major consequences for the overall fitness of

75 osing between using a body part (i.e. crows: beak; humans: hand) or a tool for retrieving a reward fr

76 nstrator push a sliding screen door with its beak (imitation group), whereas 2 other groups watched t

77 plets: By repeatedly opening and closing its beak in a tweezering motion, the bird moves the drop fro

78 nce indicating that the early evolution of a beak in coelurosaurians correlates with an herbivorous d

79 Quail neural crest cells produced quail beaks in duck hosts and duck neural crest produced duck

80 As the birds seize an appendage with their beaks in order to remove it from the flower for consumpt

81 Their beaks instead consist of a highly sclerotized chitinous

82 Despite common perception, we find that the beak is not an independently targeted module for selecti

83 dehydration on the graded properties of the beaks is discussed.

84 ty in the structure and development of this "beak," it is initiated by formation of separate first-ge

85 venile individuals to a completely toothless beaked jaw in the more mature individuals, representing

86 odontidae) exhibit a distinctive parrot-like beaked jaw, forming a cutting edge, unlike in any other

87 and structural component of the adult upper beak/jaw, yet its regulation is unknown.

88 loying a scanning tunneling microscopy based beak junction technique and mechanically controlled brea

89 ossflow is applicable to filter-feeding duck beak lamellae and whale baleen plates, as well as the fl

90 Mean bird-beak length was significantly longer (P < .01) in patien

91 case, exhibiting morphological variation in beak length, coloration and body size across their wide

92 diran bauplan including leaf-shaped teeth, a beak-like lower jaw, long, gracile limbs, and a quadrupe

93 kes, in the inner and outer arms, and in the beak-like projections in the B tubule of the outer doubl

94 of SCPP genes is also detected in an unusual beak-like structure that shelters numerous teeth.

95 beaks, cactus finches have long and pointed beaks (low depth and narrower width), and warbler finche

96 nk providing mechanical strengthening to the beak material.

97 oves and pigeons that vocalize with a closed beak, may modulate the activity of beak premotor neurons

98 eural crest cells destined to participate in beak morphogenesis between two anatomically distinct spe

99 In contrast, beak morphogenesis in Loxigilla violacea and Loxigilla p

100 plain one pathway involved in Darwin's finch beak morphogenesis.

101 y constrains vocal evolution, with different beak morphologies differentially limiting a bird's abili

102 ys whose expression correlates with specific beak morphologies.

103 e Galapagos Islands, that diversification of beak morphology and body size has shaped patterns of voc

104 ion of Darwin's finch species with elongated beak morphology and provide a mechanistic explanation fo

105 spiza, we provide a quantitative map between beak morphology and the expression levels of Bmp4.

106 song are consistent with the hypothesis that beak morphology constrains vocal evolution, with differe

107 Their impressive variation in beak morphology is associated with the exploitation of a

108 lecular mechanisms underlying differences in beak morphology likely involve interactions among multip

109 gation of the upper beak, recapitulating the beak morphology of the cactus finches.

110 orphological transformations paralleling the beak morphology of the large ground finch G. magnirostri

111 The variability of bird beak morphology reflects diverse foraging strategies.

112 ombined to induce multidimensional shifts in beak morphology.

113 ere not a passive consequence of a change in beak morphology.

114 eaks strongly correlated with deep and broad beak morphology.

115 on that generates interspecific variation in beak morphology.

116 ence, leaving unresolved the question of how beak movements are affected during singing.

117 jaw premotor neurons could, together, affect beak movements as a means of modulating filter propertie

118 oduction of song), it might be expected that beak movements during singing would also be controlled b

119 telencephalic output of the song system and beak muscle motor neurons in the brainstem are conspicuo

120 magnetic receptors in the vertebrate retina, beak, nose, and inner ear has been proposed, and immedia

121 The beak of the Humboldt squid Dosidicus gigas represents on

122 n of CYP2J19(yb) is barely detectable in the beak of yellowbeak birds.

123 Darwin's finches, have independently evolved beaks of a novel shape, different from Geospiza, but als

124 sed at higher levels in the long and pointed beaks of cactus finches than in more robust beak types o

125 complete morphological variation within the beaks of Darwin's finches can be explained by extending

126 rate that the morphological diversity in the beaks of Darwin's Finches is quantitatively accounted fo

127 cranial neural crest cells in the developing beaks of ducks, quails and chickens.

128 After 15 days of development, the upper beaks of the treated embryos were truncated, and the ske

129 ll proliferation in the developing embryonic beaks of the zebra finch.

130 During singing in songbirds, the extent of beak opening, like the extent of mouth opening in human

131 odulated by the end-correction of a variable beak opening.

132 ty of embryos developed notches in the upper beak or the equivalent of cleft lip.

133 Keratinous beaks, paralleled by edentulism, thus represent an evolu

134 e sought to answer this question by defining beak premotor neurons and examining their afferent proje

135 a closed beak, may modulate the activity of beak premotor neurons in concert with the output of the

136 By measuring Bmp4 expression in the beak primordia of the species in the genus Geospiza, we

137 analysis of the transcripts expressed in the beak primordia to find previously unknown genes and path

138 By "tinkering" with BMP4 in beak prominences, the shapes of the chicken beak can be

139 inence, it causes an elongation of the upper beak, recapitulating the beak morphology of the cactus f

140 and warbler finches have slender and pointed beaks, reflecting differences in their respective diets.

141 hing variation in the shape and size of bird beaks reflects a wide range of dietary specializations t

142 teeth, modern birds (Neornithes) use a horny beak (rhamphotheca) and a muscular gizzard to acquire an

143 l dependence of the capillary ratchet on the beak's wetting properties, thus making clear the vulnera

144 86%-90%, respectively; kappa = 0.74) and SMV beaking (sensitivity and specificity, 80%-88% and 94%-95

145 loci, which are associated with variation in beak shape and size, respectively, suggesting that they

146 cial development is strongly associated with beak shape diversity across Darwin's finch species as we

147 with a comparative morphometric analysis of beak shape in a diverse group of songbirds.

148 Whether the topic is beak shape in Darwin's finches or signaling interactions

149 pecies that has undergone rapid evolution of beak shape in response to environmental changes.

150 Beak shape is a classic example of evolutionary diversif

151 Our findings indicate that beak shape variability in many songbirds is strongly con

152 discoveries implicating Bmps in evolution of beak shape, feathers, and toothlessness, suggest that mo

153 However, despite sharing the same beak shape, the signaling pathways and tissues patternin

154 pic variances in G. scandens and a change in beak shape.

155 lotype has contributed to diversification of beak shapes among the Darwin's finches and, thereby, to

156 The striking diversity of bird beak shapes is an outcome of natural selection, yet the

157 Specifically, we show that all beak shapes of Ground Finches (genus Geospiza) are relat

158 the same relationship holds true for all the beak shapes of Tree, Cocos, and Warbler Finches (three d

159 This analysis shows that the beak shapes within each of these groups differ only by t

160 oup of Darwin's finch species with different beak shapes.

161 ry bone of embryos of species with different beak shapes.

162 al adhesion, a feces sign, and the lack of a beak sign were associated with successful nonsurgical tr

163 The number of beak signs and the location of the transition zone in re

164 At multivariate analysis, fewer than two beak signs and the presence of an anterior parietal adhe

165 uccessful nonsurgical treatment, whereas two beak signs or more, a whirl sign, a C- or U-shaped appea

166 an undisturbed Galapagos island diverged in beak size from a competitor species (G. magnirostris) 22

167 ement event: Genotypes associated with large beak size were at a strong selective disadvantage in med

168 alue predicted from the high heritability of beak size.

169 among Darwin's finch species with different beak sizes.

170 prenasal cartilage, which forms the initial beak skeleton.

171 ssion of Bmp4 in the mesenchyme of the upper beaks strongly correlated with deep and broad beak morph

172 Enp1 and Ltv1 were previously implicated in 'beak' structure formation during 40S maturation--and the

173 r these molecules in producing the elongated beak structures during chick facial development.

174 resulted in duplications of upper and lower beak structures.

175 Finally, the "beak" structures within the B-tubules of Chlamydomonas D

176 finches, ground finches (Geospiza spp.) have beaks that represent scaling variations of the same shap

177 growth of the two skeletal components of the beak: the prenasal cartilage (pnc) and the premaxillary

178 preferences for either using a tool or their beak throughout the task.

179 rphological changes to non-neural crest host beak tissues.

180 the bird moves the drop from the tip of its beak to its mouth in a stepwise ratcheting fashion.

181 We utilized natural variation found in bird beaks to investigate what genes drive vertebrate facial

182 These creatures probably used their beaks to strain food sediment in an aqueous environment,

183 ) changed several times in body size and two beak traits.

184 beaks of cactus finches than in more robust beak types of other species.

185 At later time points the upper beak was shortened owing to hypoplasia of the skeleton,

186 Similar to the squid beak, we have developed nanocomposites where the degree

187 d mechanical gradient character of the squid beak, we herein report a nanocomposite that mimics both

188 cein, palatal shelves (E8-9) with or without beak were dissected and cultured on agar gels.

189 escribe the underwater behavior of a Baird's beaked whale (Berardius bairdii) from the first deployme

190 s no evidence of abundance trend for Baird's beaked whale (Berardius bairdii), for which annual abund

191 of a cryptic deep ocean cetacean, the Gray's beaked whale (Mesoplodon grayi).

192 tent of two MeO-PBDEs isolated from a True's beaked whale (Mesoplodon mirus), we show that these comp

193 e probability of negative trend for Cuvier's beaked whale (Ziphius cavirostris) during 1991-2008 was

194 ameters provide strong evidence of declining beaked whale abundance in the study area.

195 ssess the paleotopographic implications of a beaked whale fossil (Ziphiidae) from the Turkana region

196 17 My old and represents the oldest derived beaked whale known, consistent with molecular estimates

197 Our models suggest that beaked whale reproduction requires energy dense prey, an

198 more, it has been suggested that the lack of beaked whale sightings is the result of their low abunda

199 Beaked whale species detected include: Gervais' (Mesoplo

200 iven current information, it seems that some beaked whale species require relatively high quality hab

201 e acoustic foraging behavior in this largest beaked whale species, and the first experimental demonst

202 We also compiled records of beaked whale stranding events (3 genera, at least 8 spec

203 Mass stranding of several species of beaked whales (family Ziphiidae) associated with exposur

204 bmarine canyons that are suitable for Gray's beaked whales and their prey.

205 Beaked whales are among the most diverse yet least under

206 Beaked whales are deep diving elusive animals, difficult

207 Beaked whales are hypothesized to be particularly sensit

208 eastern GOM site, both Gervais' and Cuvier's beaked whales had a high density throughout the monitori

209 ledge, as the elusive, deep-diving nature of beaked whales has made it hard to study these effects di

210 to 2012, to help assess population status of beaked whales in the northern part of the California Cur

211 estimate abundance and population trends of beaked whales using sightings data from these surveys.

212 roughout the monitoring period, but Cuvier's beaked whales were present only seasonally, with periods

213 At two sites in the western GOM, Gervais' beaked whales were present throughout the monitoring per

214 are presented for the density estimation of beaked whales, using passive acoustic monitoring data co

215 For Gervais' and Cuvier's beaked whales, we estimated weekly animal density using

216 reas derived ornithomimids had an edentulous beak, which has prompted speculation about their dietary

217 It was unusually large, especially in beak width, sang an unusual song, and carried some Geosp