ライフサイエンスコーパス: beam

1 lking challenge and were unable to cross the beam.

2 vortices from circularly polarized incident beam.

3 ribution as a remarkable feature of a vortex beam.

4 oxide nanocubes using an atom-wide electron beam.

5 eam and a multiplanar microbeam radiotherapy beam.

6 (Er) and a standard copper-filtered 250 kVp beam.

7 vity into its corresponding scattered output beam.

8 ectrical gate rather than by a control laser beam.

9 ent from the ones of a homogeneous isotropic beam.

10 y measurements, without need for a reference beam.

11 t 180 degrees with respect to the excitation beam.

12 momentum structure imprinted on the electron beam.

13 ves, and also with electron, neutron or atom beams.

14 polarization control of free-space terahertz beams.

15 survival data for therapeutic scanned proton beams.

16 momentum in necklace and elliptical rotating beams.

17 to millisecond timescales with monochromatic beams.

18 at the intersection of two structured light beams.

19 g of absorbed laser energy amongst the three beams.

20 are coupled one-by-one to orthogonal output beams.

21 towards us, and therefore undergoes Doppler beaming.

22 nerate a directional single beam or multiple beams according to the positions of users, which is suit

23 (SiC) substrates by scanning a focused laser beam across the GFET.

24 lly addressed by scanning a focussed optical beam across the proximal end of a coherent fibre bundle;

25 ly irradiated with a synchrotron X-ray broad beam and a multiplanar microbeam radiotherapy beam.

26 nds on the intensity profile of the launched beam and also the higher-order harmonics that were not r

27 A kinked helical beam and anchor domain link the Piezo repeats to the por

28 duction mechanism micro-bunches the electron beam and ensures the pulses are radially polarised on cr

29 designed to evaluate the effects of electron-beam and gamma irradiation over the phenolic profiles of

30 The number of proton beam and heavy ion therapy facilities is increasing worl

31 eparate the individual components in a laser beam and map each mode onto its designated detector with

32 g interaction between the incident terahertz beam and optical pump at the nanoscale, while maintainin

33 e as bridges connecting conventional optical beam and structured light.

34 he absorptivity of each mode-converter input beam and the emissivity into its corresponding scattered

35 tial constraints exist to position the laser beam and the objective lens with the external beam deliv

36 ith the decomposition into Laguerre-Gaussian beams and introduce a distribution over the integer numb

37 izing two light-sheets with nonlinear Bessel beams and perform volumetric imaging of fluorescent bead

38 years, direct lithography on NC films with e-beams and X-rays has gone through an important developme

39 he gradient metasurface tailors the incident beams, and the all-angle negative reflection occurs when

40 ction patterns measured at a single incident beam angle.

41 rd" (i.e., phase-conjugated) version of that beam; another gives the overall equality of the sums of

42 ls that have been milled using a focused ion beam are presented.

43 On-axis Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) beams are expanded into off-axis OAM spectra, with which

44 of angle-selective metasurfaces, over which beams are reflected following different and independent

45 -dimensional confinement of the optical pump beam around the terahertz nanoantennas that are used as

46 e higher frequencies to achieve narrow sonar beams, as beam directionality increases with both emitte

47 ake of MENPs was confirmed using focused-ion-beam assisted transmission electron microscopy (FIB-TEM)

48 asing an additional tailored escort electron beam at a later phase of the acceleration, when the witn

49 We demonstrate Bessel-beam-based stimulated Raman projection (SRP) microscopy

50 e has attempted to manipulate multi-electron beams, because the repulsion between electrons rapidly a

51 n to the movement of a single sheet electron beam bunch in the experiment.

52 Raman transition to create a coherent output beam, but they differ in how they access the vibrational

53 of view over the use of a standard Gaussian beam by a factor of six is demonstrated.

54 the realization of non-diffracting electron beams by shaping wavepackets of multiple electrons and i

55 the state of polarization of an input vector beam can be simultaneously determined in a single experi

56 The transversal profile of beams can always be defined as a superposition of orthog

57 The characteristics of laser driven proton beams can be efficiently controlled and optimised by emp

58 This beaming causes flux enhancement and contraction of the v

59 he distribution of laser energy and electron beam charge, which determine the overall efficiency, is

60 itical improvements (a) in crossed molecular beam (CMB) instruments with rotating mass spectrometric

61 Radiographic findings from cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and clinical symptoms we

62 Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) has become a reliable ad

63 Application of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) has grown exponentially

64 ystematic review is to evaluate whether cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging can be used to a

65 w addresses oral indications for use of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

66 ridge changes with and without RP with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

67 he Indian subpopulation with the use of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).

68 quences, perfusion computed tomography, cone beam computed tomography, single-photon emission compute

69 can be altered beyond triangular by changing beam conditions.

70 e mechanics concepts using double cantilever beam configuration were used to characterize the adhesio

71 To assess the influence of the beam configurations and variations in peak dose and irra

72 A sputter beam, consisting of large O2 clusters, was used to recor

73 Such sonar beam control is generally achieved by head movements or

74 The low diffraction of the Bessel beam coupled with the ability to tightly focus it throug

75 The focused and scanned ion beam creates an opportunity to analyze very small volume

76 Mice were imaged with Cone-Beam CT (CBCT) and irradiated (IR) to the marked area us

77 ause of its high sputter yield the necessary beam current is considerably lower (factor 50), resultin

78 et geometries are presented and their proton beam deliverance characterized: cylindrical (slashed cir

79 eam and the objective lens with the external beam delivery or, with internal beam delivery, the maxim

80 d multi-row computed tomographic imaging for beam delivery planning, and intensity-modulated radiatio

81 the external beam delivery or, with internal beam delivery, the maximum spatial offset achievable is

82 re prepared by soft-landing electrospray ion beam deposition, which allows chemical- and conformation

83 Electron-beam (e-beam) deposition of carbon on a gold substrate yields a

84 e been for the first time analyzed by a dual beam depth profiling.

85 wo different protein samples by merging pink-beam diffraction patterns from many crystals, each colle

86 ng the side of the mouth, and that the sonar beam direction can be steered parsimoniously by inducing

87 pplication such as non-destructive image and beam direction tracer.

88 ependent phase gradients in the light of the beam direction.

89 requencies to achieve narrow sonar beams, as beam directionality increases with both emitter size (ma

90 , which provides a highly sensitive tool for beam displacement measurements.

91 By varying the passive portion of the beam duty cycle, we measure a characteristic time consta

92 Electron-beam (e-beam) deposition of carbon on a gold substrate y

93 o 100-m-roundtrip link by multiplexing 2 OAM beams, each carrying a 40-Gbit/s quadrature-phase-shift-

94 However, histology revealed in-field beam effects outside of the target volume.

95 onds of beam injection the effects caused by beam electrons can reproduce Halpha line profiles with l

96 ail to explain its luminosity, even assuming beamed emission, but a strong multipolar magnetic field

97 nsmitters, in combination with focused light beams, enable precise interrogation of neuronal function

98 ar, the outstanding transparency to electron beam endows graphene membranes great potential as a cand

99 ed two types of samples, which are molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) grown NiO(001) film on Mg(001) substr

100 novel atomic carbon source for the molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) of graphene layers on hBN flakes and

101 he growth of ZnSnxGe1-xN2 films by molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE) on c-plane sapphire and GaN templates

102 g heterovalent interface growth by molecular beam epitaxy as a way to modify the interface properties

103 0 </= x </= 0.023 grown on GaAs by molecular beam epitaxy at substrate temperature of 378 degrees C h

104 ting and conducting substrates via molecular beam epitaxy is presented.

105 ll structures, which were grown by molecular beam epitaxy on (001) DyScO3.

106 nowires on graphitic substrates by molecular beam epitaxy.

107 ng radio-frequency plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy.

108 procal objects-the absorptivity of any input beam equals the emissivity into the "backward" (i.e., ph

109 dy carried out on the effects of group V/III beam equivalent (BEP) ratios and substrate temperature (

110 ertically and a horizontally polarized laser beam exiting a Wollaston prism are focused into the samp

111 for the first time that that direct-write e-beam exposure can significantly alter the rigidity of el

112 We find that, by using two laser beams far detuned from an optical cavity resonance, effi

113 Through modeling, we show that the observed beam features can be captured by an array of tongue-driv

114 computed tomography (CT), plasma focused ion beam (FIB) scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging an

115 a solid-state nanopore inside a focused-ion beam (FIB) system.

116 and discovered a systematic angular sweep of beam focus across increasing frequency.

117 ing (SEM) Electron Microscopy on Focused Ion Beam foils.

118 contrast dielectric waveguides to free-space beams forming micron-scale diffraction-limited spots a d

119 rference pattern in the superposition of one beam from each source.

120 x data transmission within a single acoustic beam generated by a transducer array, drastically increa

121 The instrument uses both helium and neon ion beams generated by a gas field ion source to irradiate t

122 evertheless, a full characterisation of this beam has up to now not been performed.

123 ity to generate tunable, self-reconstructing beams has potential applications to a variety of imaging

124 angular momentum (SAM) of light into vortex beams have found applications in classical and quantum o

125 urface of opaque, notched composite concrete beams, here we sense the evolution of the maximum shear

126 Electron beam illumination greatly increases the local concentrat

127 In contrast, when analyzing a beam in a Hilbert space spanned by spatial modes - a cri

128 l domain, thereby enabling the analysis of a beam in an arbitrary spatial-mode basis - exemplified us

129 diates prepared with a high-energy molecular beam in the STM can be readily extended to other systems

130 haping facilitates the use of multi-electron beams in electron microscopy with higher current without

131 ethod of creating highly collimated electron beams in graphene based on collinear pairs of slits, wit

132 lux, low-emittance, high energy neutral atom beams in length scales of less than a millimeter.

133 Although carbon contamination induced by ion beams in target materials is a well-known issue in some

134 However, only a few methods can produce OAM beams in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) or X-ray, and con

135 conversion with 25% transmittance under one beam incidence.

136 ed the coexistence of two isomers in the ion beam, including the one with the Al=Al double bond.

137 To this end, we demonstrate electron beam-induced current measurements as a powerful method t

138 arifying the contrast mechanisms in electron beam-induced current microscopy, it is possible to gain

139 zation efficiency and minimizing primary ion beam-induced fragmentation of analytes, ME-SIMS has prov

140 unrelated background resulting from primary beam-induced secondary electrons.

141 ncluding tunable Golgi cell oscillations, on-beam inhibition and NMDA receptors causing first winner

142 del showing that during the first seconds of beam injection the effects caused by beam electrons can

143 lse measurements, we have used a focused ion beam instrument to mill nanofluidic devices with 2, 4, a

144 It has been predicted that if singular beams intersect non-collinearly in free space, the polar

145 spectrometry employing laser-induced liquid beam ionization/desorption.

146 ms to evaluate the effectiveness of electron beam irradiation (EBI) exposure on CSP for microorganism

147 arge melanomas, long-term efficacy of proton beam irradiation (PBI) of large choroidal melanomas has

148 Proton beam irradiation (total 70 Gy) delivered in 5 equal frac

149 da alba Buch.-Ham were submitted to electron beam irradiation at the doses of 0.5, 0.8 and 1kGy, to s

150 Accelerator-based ion beam irradiation techniques have been used to study radi

151 ture range of 100-160 degrees C under pulsed beam irradiation with 500 keV Ar ions when the total ion

152 he extreme instability of MOFs upon electron beam irradiation.

153 A MeV, 10s nC oblique beam is ejected in a 30 degrees -60 degrees hollow cone,

154 For encryption, each optical beam is modulated by an optical mask containing either t

155 r than 1 mum(3) in volume, whereas the X-ray beam is often attenuated to protect the detector from da

156 ical simulations that a high-energy electron beam is produced simultaneously with two stable lower-en

157 The scattered light from both beams is imaged onto the slit of an imaging spectrograph

158 ew and 12 mm working distance, an array of 9 beams is scanned over the field of view in 9 different r

159 ted to produce high-brightness-low-emittance beams, it is possible to envisage generation of high-flu

160 experimental observations and demonstrate a beam-like hot electron transport at initial time-scales

161 Drilling into solid substrates with slender beam-like structures is a mechanical challenge, but is r

162 Reaction windows are opened by e-beam lithography at sites of interest on poly(methyl met

163 A new resist material for electron beam lithography has been created that is based on a sup

164 By employing the sputtering and e-beam lithography techniques, platinum nanoparticles (Pt

165 posited on a substrate can be patterned by e-beam lithography, altering the structure of their cappin

166 ed from SOI material using high-resolution e-beam lithography, thin film vacuum deposition and reacti

167 tom-up" growth techniques or by "top-down" e-beam lithography.

168 Ge2 nanowire devices were fabricated using e-beam lithography.

169 According to our results, in the fully beam loaded regime, the electron current in the plasma u

170 near to quasi-linear regimes, and unveil the beam loading process underlying the accelerator energy e

171 al scanning avoids the sudden changes in the beam location (fly-back distortion) present in conventio

172 be is, however, challenging because the true beam location deviates from the assigned location depend

173 ng along the metasurface sets its nontrivial beam manipulation functionality within a limited-angle i

174 ffective defect diffusion length from pulsed beam measurements.

175 ufacture HIPing the fatigue life of electron beam melting (EBM) additively manufactured parts is curr

176 Here, we use a pulsed ion beam method to study defect dynamics in Si bombarded in

177 Here, we use a pulsed-ion-beam method to study defect interaction dynamics in 3C-S

178 Focused ion beam milling allows manipulation of the shape and size o

179 ctured arrays were fabricated by focused ion beam milling and their electrochemical response from a r

180 otropic 8 nm voxels collected by focused ion-beam milling scanning electron microscopy.

181 Here, we applied cryo-focused ion beam milling, cryo-electron tomography and subtomogram a

182 a on cross sections, prepared by focused ion beam milling, were collected, using various electron-opt

183 ted over a glass substrate using focused ion beam milling.

184 ctron microscope grid by gallium focused-ion-beam milling.

185 bust operation against optical and terahertz beam misalignments.

186 ary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) in dual beam mode.

187 nslate 3D-microscopy techniques (focused ion beam nanotomography, FIB-nt) typically used in the biome

188 by optimizing the intensity of the electron beam not to melt or deform the quartz nanotip without a

189 em in which signals propagate as diffracting beams not omnidirectional broadcasts.There is growing in

190 The pores are created using the electron beam of a conventional transmission electron microscope;

191 hat the spatial spin splitting of a coherent beam of electrons can be achieved and controlled using t

192 By manipulating a tightly focussed beam of energetic ions, often gallium (Ga(+)), FIB can s

193 m) is reduced by 14% compared to a straight beam of equivalent cross section.

194 0 degrees C with either continuous or pulsed beams of 500 keV Ne, Ar, Kr, or Xe ions.

195 of ALAN on migrating birds by monitoring the beams of the National September 11 Memorial & Museum's "

196 The physical characteristics of the proton beam offer important advantages versus widely used photo

197 e of the mode and the displacement of the LG beam on the spread of the OAM spectrum is analysed.

198 pace analyzer' capable of projecting optical beams onto any modal basis.

199 controlled interaction of two high intensity beams opens new degrees of freedom for manipulating elec

200 Here, we use a dual-beam optical tweezers assay to study the mechanics of th

201 can adaptively generate a directional single beam or multiple beams according to the positions of use

202 g in the cochlea, which together form a flat beam over at least part of the BM width.

203 esponse of human mesenchymal stem cells to e-beam patterned substrates was subsequently probed in vit

204 The use of the Airy beam permits us to develop an ultra compact, high resolu

205 at terahertz frequencies especially for the beam polarization along the crystal's principal dielectr

206 how that this system can be used as a vector beam polarization state spectrum analyzer, where both th

207 ay be controlled by varying either the input beam power or the temperature of the atomic vapor.

208 ed performance, generating a nearly Gaussian beam profile with a Strehl ratio above 0.8.

209 numerical simulation to describe the optical beam propagation and refraction across the interface of

210 optical beam structures emerging upon vortex beam propagation in engineered nonlinear colloidal mediu

211 ty of analyzing and controlling the electron beam properties with few-femtosecond time resolution.

212 ogy, which uses X-rays, gamma rays, electron beams, protons, or high-intensity focused ultrasound.

213 The polychromatic, "pink", beam provides a more than two orders of magnitude increa

214 structures suffer from strongly deteriorated beam quality due to multimode behavior, diffraction of l

215 generated without a dramatic degradation of beam quality within a broad range of peak powers, varyin

216 study sought to investigate external photon beam radiation for catheter-free ablation of the atriove

217 MRT and three-dimensional conformal external beam radiation therapy (3D-CRT) have not been compared p

218 led trials comparing dose-escalated external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) with brachytherapy in men

219 ically been treated by fractionated external beam radiation therapy or invasive brachytherapy.

220 Chemotherapy with or without external beam radiation therapy was the most frequently used trea

221 iochemical relapse after surgery or external-beam radiation therapy.

222 tectomy (36.2 [95% CI, 30.4-42.0]), external beam radiotherapy (13.9 [95% CI, 6.7-21.2]), and brachyt

223 radical prostatectomy (41.1%), 249 external beam radiotherapy (21.8%), and 109 brachytherapy (9.6%).

224 urvival was defined as avoidance of external-beam radiotherapy (EBRT) and enucleation.

225 study included patients treated with proton beam radiotherapy (PBR) for a small CM.

226 py for radiation sensitization, and external beam radiotherapy has emerged as a valid treatment optio

227 to venetoclax combined with either external beam radiotherapy or radioimmunotherapy (RIT), which joi

228 External-beam radiotherapy plays a critical role in the treatment

229 In each model, external beam radiotherapy plus venetoclax synergistically increa

230 (QOL) after radical prostatectomy, external beam radiotherapy, and brachytherapy vs active surveilla

231 tastasis, prior chemotherapy, prior external-beam radiotherapy, uptake on the [(111)In-DTPA(0)]octreo

232 il crystallization was studied using focused beam reflectance measurement (FBRM) to analyze the in-li

233 A new control mechanism employing two-beam refraction and one solenoid valve was developed and

234 ) or X-ray, and controlling the OAM on these beams remains challenging.

235 hrough a nanomechanical beam, we measure the beam's thermally driven vibrations and perturb its motio

236 us over the entire field of view without any beam scanning or imaging reconstruction.

237 , high resolution light sheet system without beam scanning.

238 -TiO2(110) by combining supersonic molecular beam, scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), and ab initio

239 Here, we have used focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy to generate 3D reconst

240 Focused ion beam/scanning electron microscope tomography reveals the

241 Autoradiography and focused ion beam/scanning electron microscopy techniques were used t

242 We designed a novel, beam-search driven feature selection algorithm to identi

243 Gas cluster ion beam-secondary ion mass spectrometry (GCIB-SIMS) has sho

244 t higher temporal resolution and for imaging beam sensitive materials.

245 icient spectrum imaging, low-dose mapping of beam-sensitive specimens, trace element analysis, and ti

246 Using this external beam setup, it was found that it is possible to determin

247 velength fs laser was confirmed through real beam shape detection.

248 pulsion between electrons rapidly alters the beam shape.

249 sources (that is, there are several possible beam shapes), which are highly sought after in the field

250 cular and elliptical pillars with customized beam shapes.

251 g technologies, that are complex and costly, beam shaping with optical feedback is a more flexible so

252 imaging and display technology, biosensing, beam shaping, optical switching, wavefront-analysis, and

253 lation such as dynamic holography, focusing, beam shaping/steering, imaging, and active emission cont

254 logical charges and represent natural vector beam sources (that is, there are several possible beam s

255 o 30 MHz and an in situ reconfigurability as beam splitter or wavelength converter, it could pave the

256 solid-state electron-optical devices such as beam splitters and quantum point contacts, which have in

257 exemplarily used as terahertz wave shapers, beam splitters, terahertz wave plates, circular polarize

258 rection, we also demonstrate microscopic LED beam splitting through the selective choice of polarizat

259 cross the entire brain using a custom Bessel beam structured illumination microscope (BB-SIM).

260 gation, and demonstrate a variety of optical beam structures emerging upon vortex beam propagation in

261 nd actively targeted GNPs, using an external beam surrogate of Yb-169 created from an exotic filter m

262 bust and persistent recovery on the rotating beam test, even after cessation of stimulations for 2 we

263 linear optical object, give orthogonal input beams that are coupled one-by-one to orthogonal output b

264 simultaneously with two stable lower-energy beams that are ejected in oblique and counter-propagatin

265 The approach uses photoalignment with light beams that exhibit a spatially-varying direction of ligh

266 ing propagation invariant, accelerating Airy beams that operates both in single- and two-photon modes

267 Use of proton beam therapy has expanded, with the number of proton cen

268 tion in uveal melanoma patients after proton beam therapy with the main focus on outcomes according t

269 al of 2499 patients underwent primary proton beam therapy, with local tumor control and globe preserv

270 in terms of the mode-converter basis sets of beams; these sets, which can be uniquely established for

271 Beam thickness, spacing and incident dose were 100 or 60

272 ergy is achieved by passing a 3 GeV electron beam through a two-stage plasma insertion device.

273 allows for most efficient use of the limited beam time available at XFELs and should enable a substan

274 We focus on using the ion beam to control the thickness of Bi2Se3 and to create na

275 ed commercial cantilevers with a focused ion beam to optimize their properties for SMFS.

276 A layer of KCl deposited by e-beam to the eC surface without breaking vacuum protects

277 Optical heterodyning requires two optical beams to be mixed.

278 suitable all-metal left-handed materials for beam transport and suitable couplers for extracting the

279 For the beam tuner application, we prove both theoretically and

280 iques: collision-induced dissociation (CID), beam-type CID (HCD), electron-transfer dissociation (ETD

281 the maximum shear stress distribution on the beams under loading.

282 d with sample cooling) and argon cluster ion beams (using Ar1500(+) ions at 5 keV).

283 ar dynamics (AIMD) simulations and molecular beam vacuum-UV (VUV) photoionization mass spectrometry e

284 In particular, we find there exists a beam waist offset whereby the resulting vorticity suppre

285 bited major coordination deficits during the beam-walking challenge and were unable to cross the beam

286 t was assessed using clinical scoring of the beam-walking test and video-kinematic analysis (CatWalk)

287 e topological charge of one of the component beams was odd or even, respectively.

288 shining laser light through a nanomechanical beam, we measure the beam's thermally driven vibrations

289 We used pulsed laser beam welding method to join Pd43Cu27Ni10P20 (at.%) bulk

290 Our results reveal that pulsed laser beam welding under appropriate processing parameters pro

291 nergy and high lineal-energy spectrum of the beam where the current radiobiological models may undere

292 nt a periodic nanostructure onto a molecular beam, which provides a highly sensitive tool for beam di

293 These light beams, which carry orbital angular momentum (OAM), have

294 amics incorporated shows that a GeV positron beam with density of 2.5 x 10(22) cm(-3) and flux of 1.6

295 By this method, we achieve beams with angular width 18 degrees or narrower, and tra

296 action and fusion of two parallel ultrashort beams with initial powers below the critical value (70%

297 al angular momentum (OAM) of acoustic vortex beams with one order enhancement of the data transmissio

298 mechanism, namely quasi-monoenergetic proton beams with small divergence in addition to the more comm

299 hnique enables us to produce first-order OAM beams with the smallest possible central intensity null

300 cursor compound SrBi2Ta2O9 under an electron beam within a high-resolution transmission electron micr