1                                                             Before the index date, 22% of HF cases and 23% of controls ha

2 zodiazepine use, as well as other covariates, were assessed before the index date (which was either the date of hospital

3                 Sixty-two (38%) of the 164 cases had asthma before the index date of pertussis compared with 85 (26%) of

4               The mean age at diagnosis of the first cancer before the index date was similar in the cases (67.5 +/- 11.9

5 ording (i.e., index date), and years of history in the CPRD before the index date.

6 ols had an acute respiratory-tract infection in the 10 days before the index date (54 [2.8%] vs 72 [0.9%]).

7 tion to an acute respiratory-tract infection in the 10 days before the index date.

8 respiratory-tract infection 1-5, 6-10, 11-15, or 16-30 days before the index date (compared with participants who had no

9                                  Use of PPIs within 30 days before the index date.

10                                     PPI usage up to 90 days before the index date remained statistically significant.

11 f cases who had an acute respiratory-tract infection either before the index date or before an arbitrarily chosen date (1

12 d controls the date of the last respiratory-tract infection before the index date was identified.

13 ls (34.5%) received at least 1 vaccine within the 12 months before the index date.

14   Propensity score matching was used at baseline (12 months before the index date: first OCS use).

15                 Exclusion of antiepileptic drugs prescribed before the index date did not meaningfully alter the findings

16  birth, sex, general practice, and years of medical records before the index date.

17 ctice site and both duration and calendar time of follow-up before the index date.

18 th calendar period and duration of up-to-standard follow-up before the index date.

19  current and recent use of antipsychotic drugs with non-use before the index date in cases and controls.

20 d drugs within 30 days (current use) and other time windows before the index date.

21 nd (for the inpatient care analysis) hospital days the year before the index date.

22                  However, use of penicillins in the 3 years before the index date decreased the risk of developing a firs