ライフサイエンスコーパス: beta-defensin

1 n therefore be unambiguously classified as a beta-defensin.

2 ed antiparallel beta-sheet characteristic of beta-defensins.

3 ing cathelicidin LL-37, alpha-defensins, and beta-defensins.

4 orce-dependent resistance to LL-37 and human beta-defensins.

5 and for CCR2, abolished migration induced by beta-defensins.

6 ch we found to also interact with alpha- and beta-defensins.

7 ected over Lys in alpha-defensins but not in beta-defensins.

8 T. denticola's relative resistance to human beta-defensins.

9 ds enhanced the production of IL-8 and human beta-defensins.

10 defensins form a new structural subfamily of beta-defensins.

11 imicrobial peptides, such as polymyxin B and beta-defensins.

12 , compared with the already known vertebrate beta-defensins.

13 disulfide bridge array typical of vertebrate beta-defensins.

14 antimicrobial peptides polymyxin B and avian beta-defensins.

15 Since beta defensin 1 (DEFB1) localizes in the oral cavity, we

16 ese proteins are structured (melittin, human beta defensin 1, truncated human lymphotactin, Cytochrom

17 598; P = .01 and P = .02, respectively), and beta-defensin 1 (DEFB1; rs1800972; P = .001 and P = .000

18 (rs11362); and measured the content of human beta-defensin 1 (hBD-1) and hBD-3 messenger RNA (mRNA) i

19 h factor (VEGF), interleukin-8 (IL-8), human beta-defensin 1 (hBD-1), and tissue inhibitor of metallo

20 In addition, we prepared human beta-defensin 1 (hBD1) and (Lys-->Arg)hBD1 in which all

21 overed that the antimicrobial peptides human beta-defensin 1 (hBD1) and LL-37 are readily cleaved by

22 l studies of 26 single-site mutants of human beta-defensin 1 (hBD1).

23 In this study, we demonstrate that murine beta-defensin 1 (mBD1) is important for control of early

24 Furthermore, the downregulation of beta-defensin 1 and E-cadherin, and upregulation of hepa

25 was significantly downregulated, suggesting beta-defensin 1 plays a crucial role in liver cancer dev

26 Together, our results suggest beta-defensin 1 plays an important role in protecting HC

27 ratio = 4.31; 95% CI, 1.85-10.1; p= 0.0007; beta-defensin 1 rs1800972, hazard ratio = 3.21; 95% CI,

28 at among all the beta-defensins tested, only beta-defensin 1 was significantly downregulated, suggest

29 In this study, we demonstrated that beta-defensin 1 was significantly reduced in HCV-infecte

30 robial surfactant proteins A and D and sheep beta-defensin 1 were increased by PIV3 and adenovirus tr

31 LL-37 was synergistically amplified by human beta-defensin 1, another constitutively expressed pulmon

32 LL-37/hCAP18, alone or in synergy with human beta-defensin 1, was bactericidal for several H. pylori

33 s as potential therapeutic agents to reverse beta-defensin 1-associated gene signature.

34 were also positively correlated with that of beta-defensin 1.

35 In contrast, human beta-defensins 1 and 2 displayed little or no anti-HPV a

36 infection, and certain AMPs, including human beta-defensins 1-3, have direct fungicidal activity.

37 we demonstrated that recombinant chinchilla beta defensin-1 specifically interacted with recombinant

38 lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4, 49 A>G), human beta-defensin-1 (DEFB1, 692 G>A), intercellular adhesion

39 Human beta-defensin-1 (HBD1) was a poor transferase substrate.

40 the role of two important defensins, murine beta-defensin-1 (mBD1) and mBD2, in the ocular immune de

41 ined as well as the mRNA expression of human beta-defensin-1 and -2 (HBD1 and HBD2), IFN-beta, and th

42 oxycholic acid differentially regulate human beta-defensin-1 and -2 secretion by colonic epithelial c

43 man alpha-defensins HNP-4 and HD-6 and human beta-defensin-1, -2, and -3 lacked protective ability.

44 nt with interferon and ribavirin upregulated beta-defensin-1, but not other beta-defensin tested, wit

45 d in expression of the antimicrobial peptide beta-defensin-1.

46 a monocytogenes results in downregulation of beta-defensin-1.

47 RP-L2 dramatically upregulates expression of beta-defensin-1.

48 Oral epithelial cell-derived human beta-defensins-1, -2, and -3 participate in innate immun

49 We identify the K locus as beta-defensin 103 (CBD103) and show that its protein pro

50 We found that mouse beta-defensin 14 (mBD14, Defb14), a newly identified mem

51 gen activator receptor related protein-1 and beta-DEFENSIN 14 and the chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand

52 e UVR-inducible antimicrobial peptide murine beta-defensin-14 (mBD-14) switches CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells

53 arly, the relative expression level of human beta -defensin 2 mRNA was elevated in both the involved

54 erium of the oral cavity, that induces human beta defensin 2 (hBD-2) in primary human oral epithelial

55 not affect expression of antibacterial human beta defensin 2 or regenerating islet-derived protein 3-

56 egulation of the antimicrobial peptide human beta defensin 2.

57 mediated by the vitamin D receptor and human beta defensin 2.

58 to express the antimicrobial peptides human beta-defensin 2 (HBD-2) and HBD-3 upon infection with M.

59 titis, can inhibit the upregulation of human beta-defensin 2 (hBD-2) by corneal epithelial cells in r

60 ough the role of some of these-such as human beta-defensin 2 (hBD-2) genomic (DEFB4) copy number (CN)

61 IL-17A is the most potent inducer for human beta-defensin 2 (hBD-2) in conducting airway epithelial

62 owth factor beta1 level increased, but human beta-defensin 2 (HBD-2), HBD-3, and interleukin 8 levels

63 ression of IL-1beta, IL-6, S100A7, and human beta-defensin 2 (hBD2) and a downregulated expression of

64 arations from other bacteria, enhanced human beta-defensin 2 (hBD2) and hBD3 mRNA expression and incr

65 that select beta-defensins, especially human beta-defensin 2 (hBD2) and hBD3, inhibit R5 and X4 HIV i

66 Human beta-defensin 2 (HBD2) is a member of the defensin famil

67 rium of the human oral cavity, induces human beta-defensin 2 (hBD2) upon contact with primary oral ep

68 the antimicrobial/host defense peptide human beta-defensin 2 (hBD2) was found to be the mechanism und

69 ly hydrophobic antimicrobial peptides (AMP), beta-defensin 2 (hBD2), and the carboxypeptide cleavage

70 etic regulation of the gene encoding the AMP beta-defensin 2 (HBD2), taken as a model of possibly spe

71 Both interleukin-8 (IL-8) and human beta-defensin 2 (HbetaD2) are expressed by respiratory e

72 on of the innate antimicrobial peptide human beta-defensin 2 (HbetaD2) in intestinal epithelial cells

73 in]/FCH, 15.40; lipocalin 2/FCH, 6.94, human beta-defensin 2 [DEFB4A]/FCH, 4.96; P < .001 for all) an

74 e 1 [hNP-1]), cutaneous beta-defensin (human beta-defensin 2 [hBD-2]), or the platelet kinocidin cong

75 a novel role for two potent alarmins, human beta-defensin 2 and 3 (HBD2 and 3), in promoting IFN-alp

76 ot exhibit increased susceptibility to human beta-defensin 2 and 3 (hbetaD-2 and hbetaD-3, respective

77 induction of the antimicrobial peptide human beta-defensin 2 and is abrogated by digestion of milk HA

78 7F synergistically induced the expression of beta-defensin 2 and S100A9 and additively enhanced the e

79 beta induce secretion of antimicrobial human beta-defensin 2 by uterine epithelial cells.

80 Milk HA induction of human beta-defensin 2 expression is also reduced in the presen

81 The expressions of filaggrin and human beta-defensin 2 in lesional skin of these patients were

82 Cathelicidin and human beta-defensin 2 mRNA expression were determined by real-

83 LR2 signaling activation (eg, TLR2 and human beta-defensin 2), partly through inhibiting activation o

84 rgizes with IL-17 in the production of human beta-defensin 2, an antimicrobial and chemotactic protei

85 bial peptides (AMPs) (S100A7, S100A12, human beta-defensin 2, and elafin), as well as neutrophil and

86 al staining for AMPs (S100A7, S100A12, human beta-defensin 2, and elafin).

87 another major class of AMPs: i.e., the human beta-defensins 2 (hBD2) and 3 (hBD3).

88 tokines such as TGF-beta, and antimicrobials beta-defensins 2 and 3, as well as decreased plate count

89 We showed that human beta-defensins 2 and 3, human cathelicidin LL-37, human

90 ting TLR4 and more susceptible to killing by beta-defensins 2 and 3.

91 addition to its antimicrobial actions, human beta defensin-2 (HBD2) may also stimulate the migration

92 munohistochemistry confirmed increased human-beta defensin-2 epithelial cell staining in animals chal

93 DUOX2, and several novel paralogues of human-beta defensin-2.

94 genes, similar to previously described human beta-defensin-2 (HBD-2) and CCL-20, were induced by a ba

95 Expression patterns of human beta-defensin-2 (HBD-2) mRNA or HBD-2 protein concentrat

96 expression of cathelicidin, CD14, and human beta-defensin-2 and beta-defensin-3 in response to TLR2/

97 The mRNA expression and secretion of human beta-defensin-2 and CXCL8 by uterine epithelial cells wa

98 iated mRNA expression and secretion of human beta-defensin-2 and CXCL8 by uterine epithelial cells wh

99 with a reduction of C. parvum-induced human beta-defensin-2 expression.

100 ng promoter-reporter constructs of the human beta-defensin-2 gene.

101 er, C. parvum selectively up-regulated human beta-defensin-2 in directly infected cells, and inhibiti

102 inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and beta-defensin-2 levels were measured by real-time PCR.

103 thesis of IL-8 mRNA and the epithelial human beta-defensin-2 mRNA, but a typical bacterial vaginosis

104 tory cytokine production, decreased iNOs and beta-defensin-2 production, impaired bacterial killing,

105 Regulation of beta-defensin-2 was assessed using promoter-reporter con

106 In contrast, levels of iNOs and beta-defensin-2 were significantly decreased in TLR4-def

107 bacteria (in contrast to expression of human beta-defensin-2) was not mediated by Toll-like receptor

108 tudy this pathway, we identified HBD2 (human beta-defensin-2), a soluble secreted cationic protein as

109 ckbone flexibility, to the redesign of human beta-defensin-2, a 41-residue cationic antimicrobial pep

110 lafin, pentraxin, LL-37, alpha-defensins and beta-defensin-2, and the protease neutrophil elastase we

111 ed, epithelial antimicrobial peptides (human beta-defensin-2, human beta-defensin-3, cathelicidin LL-

112 x-ray crystal structure for designing human beta-defensin-2.

113 ediator IL-1beta and the beta-defensin Human Beta Defensin 3 (hBD-3).

114 with expression of the antimicrobial peptide beta-defensin 3 (BD3, Defb3).

115 on and killing by gIIA PLA(2) and CAMP human beta-defensin 3 (HBD-3) but has the sensitivity of the w

116 The human beta-defensin 3 (hBD-3) is an inducible epithelial pepti

117 arrier groups, and linked with data on human beta-defensin 3 (hBD-3) messenger RNA (mRNA) in skin whi

118 lactoferrampin B, MIP3alpha51-70, and human beta-defensin 3 (HBD-3), the latter requiring three disu

119 Human beta-defensin 3 (HBD3) acted as an antagonist for MC1R,

120 We explored the gamma-core of human beta-defensin 3 (HBD3) and found that it: (a) is the fol

121 sts agouti signaling protein (ASIP) or human beta-defensin 3 (HBD3) interfere with ATR-pS435 generati

122 ) and tumors expressed the CCR2 ligand human beta-defensin 3 (HBD3), suggesting that CCR2/HBD3 intera

123 Human beta-defensin 3 (HBD3), which is produced in the skin, h

124 0) and anti-microbial peptides such as human beta-defensin 3 (hBD3).

125 o experiments showed that the loss of murine beta-defensin 3 (mBD-3), a murine ortholog of hBD-2, enh

126 investigated the protective effect of murine beta-defensin 3 (mBD3), mBD4, and the cathelicidin cathe

127 hemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and murine beta-defensin 3 (MBD3).

128 MC1R antagonists human beta-defensin 3 and agouti signaling protein blocked MSH

129 Human beta-defensin 3 and mannan-binding lectin also blocked v

130 e bacteria, indicating an essential role for beta-defensin 3 in the constitutive killing of bacteria

131 enome-wide gene regulatory response to human beta-defensin 3 in the nosocomial pathogen Staphylococcu

132 tion, and induced keratinocyte production of beta-defensin 3, an antagonist for melanocortin 1 recept

133 the induction of the antimicrobial peptides beta-defensin 3, CRAMP, and chemokine CXCL10 and its rec

134 -regulated cecropinA and drosocin) and human beta-defensin 3.

135 sion of murine AMPs cathelin-related AMP and beta-defensin 3.

136 imicrobial peptides (AMPs), such as LL37 and beta-defensin 3.

137 Human beta defensin-3 (hBD-3), an epithelial cell-derived anti

138 ignature genes, including CXC chemokines and beta defensin-3.

139 Here, we show that human beta-defensin-3 (hBD-3), an innate antimicrobial peptide

140 pH on the activity of an ASL defensin, human beta-defensin-3 (hBD-3), and the cathelicidin-related pe

141 licidin, CD14, and human beta-defensin-2 and beta-defensin-3 in response to TLR2/6 ligands.

142 ost defense peptides (HDPs) (LL-37 and human beta-defensin-3), which activate mast cells via Mas-rela

143 obial peptides (human beta-defensin-2, human beta-defensin-3, cathelicidin LL-37, psoriasin) and cyto

144 g and human ASL, and the human cationic AMPs beta-defensin-3, LL-37, and lysozyme to CFA or control.

145 d hBD3, together with their mouse orthologs (beta-defensin 4 and 14), are chemotactic for a broad spe

146 nsin (hBD)2 and 3 and their mouse orthologs, beta-defensin 4 and 14, to interact with CCR2, a chemoki

147 s (IL-17, IL-22, CC chemokine ligand 20, and beta-defensin 4).

148 The upregulation of mouse beta-defensin 4, a mouse ortholog for hBD-2, was also ob

149 trix metalloproteinases 1 and 3, IL-8, human beta-defensin 4, and granzyme B.

150 efense was apparent from induction of murine beta-defensin-4 (murine counterpart of HBD2) in lung tis

151 aracterized the structural features of human beta-defensin 6 (hBD6) and GAG interaction using a combi

152 , Ahrens et al. characterize the response of beta-defensins, a class of AMPs, following acute and chr

153 These results expand the functional role of beta-defensins, a protein family previously implicated i

154 However, because beta-defensins also chemoattract macrophages and monocyt

155 optimized through the diversification of its beta-defensin and butyrophilin-like repertoires.

156 Rat AM were found to secrete beta-defensin and cathelicidin AMP homologues, and the G

157 re evident in the alpha-defensin than in the beta-defensin and is more evident at low salt concentrat

158 al antimicrobial peptides such as alpha- and beta-defensins and cathelicidin.

159 Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), such as beta-defensins and cathelicidins, are essential componen

160 crobial peptides that include the alpha- and beta-defensins and cathelicidins.

161 ch was accompanied by enhanced expression of beta-defensins and CRAMP.

162 Unlike alpha-defensins, human beta-defensins and mouse procryptdins do not have any ef

163 eptides, such as angiogenin 4 and alpha- and beta-defensins and regulated complement activation throu

164 helial cells (GEC) produce peptides, such as beta-defensins and the cathelicidin LL-37, that are both

165 Host-defense molecules, cathelicidin, beta-defensin, and S100A8/A9, were also up-regulated in

166 ial peptides (phospholipase A(2), alpha- and beta-defensins, and bactericidal permeability-increasing

167 everal human APs, including alpha-defensins, beta-defensins, and the cathelicidin LL-37.

168 e antimicrobial and chemotacic properties of beta-defensins, and this mass spectrometry based approac

169 mechanism of antibacterial activity of avian beta-defensins, and this study was carried out to obtain

170 Urinary psoriasin and beta-defensin antimicrobial peptide levels were signific

171 The beta-defensins are a class of small cationic proteins th

172 beta-Defensins are antimicrobial peptides of the innate

173 beta-Defensins are known for their antimicrobial activit

174 Mature alpha- and beta-defensins are produced by simple proteolytic proces

175 Beta-defensins are secreted by epithelial cells, and the

176 Beta-defensins are small (3 to 5 kDa in size) secreted a

177 Mammalian beta-defensins are small cationic peptides possessing br

178 mely human neutrophil defensin pro-HNP-1 and beta-defensins, are targets for MMP-7.

179 ta-, and -defensins revealed that alpha- and beta-defensins bind SDF2L1 similarly, but differently fr

180 H. ducreyi more sensitive to LL-37 and human beta-defensins but had relatively little effect on alpha

181 rminal 65-amino-acid residues, including the beta-defensin consensus six-cysteine motif.

182 chigan (N=5,412), using improved methods for beta-defensin copy number determination based on the par

183 on the paralogue ratio test (PRT) to assess beta-defensin copy number in more than 1500 UK DNA sampl

184 We show that higher beta-defensin copy number variation is associated with i

185 n of Crohn's disease with either low or high beta-defensin copy number; furthermore, it is noteworthy

186 Human beta defensin DEFB103 acts as both a stimulant and an at

187 microbial peptides, such as cathelicidin and beta defensins, directly kill microbes and have been det

188 Canine beta-defensin displayed broad antimicrobial activity aga

189 apping revealed that Defr1 Y5C monomers have beta-defensin disulfide bond connectivity, whereas oxidi

190 ides with antibacterial activities including beta-defensins, ELR-negative CXC chemokines, and the cat

191 Our data show that select beta-defensins, especially human beta-defensin 2 (hBD2)

192 d the role of TLR signaling in regulation of beta-defensin expression by IEC.

193 We suggest a model where variable amounts of beta-defensin expression by mucosal cells, due to gene c

194 ersistent S. aureus colonization by altering beta-defensin expression in keratinocytes of human skin.

195 he associations of both DEFB1 haplotypes and beta-defensin expression with S. aureus colonization.

196 and inhibited uterine epithelial cell human beta-defensin expression.

197 We investigated beta-defensin family expression in liver cancer in publi

198 ous studies revealed the capacity of certain beta-defensin family members to chemoattract immature de

199 beta-defensin family plays a role in host defense agains

200 analysis, we identified members of the human beta-defensin family that are both similar and dissimila

201 ructure, the consensus sequence of the avian beta-defensin family was analyzed.

202 l studies of additional members of the human beta-defensin family, examining their potential as ligan

203 ssion of three antimicrobial peptides of the beta-defensin family, human beta-defensin (hBD)-1, hBD-2

204 eins, such as lactoferrin and members of the beta-defensin family.

205 These beta-defensins, fused to the Fc region of human IgG1, sh

206 The beta-defensin fusion proteins also induced CCR2-specific

207 The basal levels of beta -defensin gene expression in orogastric tissues fro

208 We determined beta-defensin gene copy number for 1002 Ethiopian and Ta

209 Use of adenovirus-mediated beta-defensin gene expression has been proposed as thera

210 A haplotype spanning multiple beta-defensin genes and containing 94 SNPs was significa

211 racterisation of genetic variation in bovine beta-defensin genes and functional analysis supports a r

212 ation between higher genomic copy number for beta-defensin genes and risk of psoriasis.

213 argeted sequencing (TS) of fertility-related beta-defensin genes and whole exome sequencing (WES).

214 For example, beta-defensin genes are induced in the airway by all bac

215 ted alpha-defensin genes DEFA1 and DEFA3 and beta-defensin genes DEFB4, DEFB103, and DEFB104.

216 The copy number variation in beta-defensin genes on human chromosome 8 has been propo

217 ity (GRAIL P < .05), including 3 clusters of beta-defensin genes, 2 chemokine genes (CCL18 and CXCL12

218 are defensins, with at least 8 alpha- and 10 beta-defensin genes, and cathelicidins, with only one kn

219 association of psoriasis with copy number of beta-defensin genes, using DNA from psoriasis cases and

220 e we focused on copy number variation of the beta-defensin genes, which have been shown to have anti-

221 Numerous beta-defensins have been identified in birds, and the po

222 fect on H. ducreyi's resistance to LL-37 and beta-defensin HBD-3, but not alpha-defensin HNP-2.

223 the synthetic theta-defensin RC-101, but not beta-defensins hBD-1 and hBD-2 or structurally related p

224 on of antimicrobial peptides including human beta defensins (HBD) has been reported in the amniotic f

225 l peptides onto the bacteria, but only human beta-defensin (HBD) 3 accumulated at levels sufficient t

226 a-defensins (HNP1-4, HD5, and HD6) and human beta-defensin (hBD) 3 inhibited HSV infection.

227 peptides of the beta-defensin family, human beta-defensin (hBD)-1, hBD-2, and hBD-3 in the human epi

228 y, we observed significantly decreased human beta-defensin (HBD)-2 gene expression in the skin of bot

229 ing DEFB4, S100A7, and CCL20 mRNAs and human beta-defensin (hBD)-2 peptide.

230 r, IL-1F8 increased mRNA expression of human beta-defensin (HBD)-2, HBD-3, and CAMP and protein secre

231 CCL20, like human beta-defensin (hBD)-2, is a potent chemoattractant for C

232 matically enhanced their expression of human beta-defensin (hBD)-2, one of the predominant AMPs found

233 This corresponded with an increase in human beta-defensin (HBD)-3 and FLG expression.

234 study, we demonstrate the capacity of human beta-defensin (hBD)2 and 3 and their mouse orthologs, be

235 (mBD) 3 and 4, the murine homologs of human beta-defensins (hBD) 2 and 3, remains unknown in Pseudom

236 Human beta-defensins (hBD) are expressed prominently in epithe

237 we showed that human epithelial cell-derived beta-defensins (hBD)-2 and -3 block HIV-1 replication vi

238 fensin subfamilies, alpha-defensins (Crp-4), beta-defensins (HBD-2, HBD-3), and theta-defensins (RTD-

239 lization of three epithelial peptides (human beta-defensin [hBD]-2 and -3, and cathelicidin [LL-37])

240 Two other beta-defensins, hBD1 and 2, lacked this protective activ

241 Antimicrobial peptides such as human beta-defensins (hBDs) and cathelicidins are critical for

242 , chemokines, and cytokines, including human beta-defensins (hBDs) and CCL20.

243 otential pathogens in the neonate, and human beta-defensins (HBDs) and LL-37 participate in pulmonary

244 Human beta-defensins (hBDs) and the macrophage inflammatory pr

245 Human beta-defensins (hBDs) are antimicrobial peptides that ha

246 Human beta-defensins (hBDs) are epithelial cell-derived cation

247 ntimicrobial peptides (AMPs) including human beta-defensins (HBDs) are expressed by hCVAM and that ex

248 hil peptide alpha-defensins (HNPs) and human beta-defensins (HBDs) are small well-characterized pepti

249 Human beta-defensins (hBDs) are small, cationic antimicrobial

250 In contrast, human beta-defensins (HBDs) showed less neutralizing activity.

251 Human beta-defensins (hBDs) stimulate degranulation in rat per

252 Bile acids and epithelial-derived human beta-defensins (HbetaDs) are known to be important facto

253 f the inflammatory mediator IL-1beta and the beta-defensin Human Beta Defensin 3 (hBD-3).

254 man neutrophil peptide 1 [hNP-1]), cutaneous beta-defensin (human beta-defensin 2 [hBD-2]), or the pl

255 the site of infection, but they also express beta-defensins, IFN-beta, and IFN-beta-stimulated genes

256 on keratinocytes, including the induction of beta-defensins, IL-19, IL-23p19, and T helper type 17-ce

257 We found HBD-2 to be the predominant beta-defensin in human neonatal lung.

258 Induction of beta-defensins in epithelial cells is mediated by cell-s

259 ease messengers that induce the synthesis of beta-defensins in epithelial cells.

260 and functional analysis supports a role for beta-defensins in regulating bull sperm function.

261 n for alpha-defensins, molecular details for beta-defensin inhibition are mostly lacking.

262 We also demonstrate that cationic human beta-defensins interact with E. faecalis at discrete sep

263 during inflammation, epidermal expression of beta-defensins is mediated by at least three different m

264 cloned the full-length cDNA of three canine beta-defensin isoforms (cBD-1, -2, and -3) from canine t

265 erization domain-containing proteins (NOD2), beta-defensins, macrophages, dendritic cells, mucins, au

266 e (CRAMP; human LL-37 orthologue), and mouse beta defensin (mBD)-3 and -4 (human BD-2 orthologue) was

267 Nonetheless, the role of murine beta-defensins (mBD) 3 and 4, the murine homologs of hum

268 Therefore, we speculate that beta-defensins mediate a novel antiretroviral mechanism

269 s of invertebrates, and their kinship to the beta-defensin peptides of many if not all vertebrates, a

270 Its sequence is related to antimicrobial beta-defensin peptides.

271 Beta-defensins play a dual role during immune response.

272 d antimicrobial activity suggest that canine beta-defensins play an important role in host defense an

273 pressed antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), e.g., beta-defensins, play a role in clearing bacteria from mo

274 However, human and mouse beta-defensin precursors that lack disulfide bonding con

275 amino termini of alpha-defensin rather than beta-defensin precursors, and that catalysis at these si

276 ree-dimensional structure of both alpha- and beta-defensins protects the mature peptides against prot

277 thway component, the K locus, that encodes a beta-defensin protein that acts as an alternative ligand

278 es (CAMPs), the rat cathelicidin rCRAMP, and beta-defensin RBD-1; (iii) the human cathelicidin LL-37

279 the genomic copy number polymorphism of the beta-defensin region on human chromosome 8 in 179 Dutch

280 This is the first report of a beta-defensin resistance mechanism in H. ducreyi and sho

281 soriatic skin, including several chemokines, beta-defensins, S100 family proteins, and kallikreins.

282 and functional testing of a subset of these beta-defensins showed that peptides with an HBD3-like el

283 , it has been shown that some members of the beta-defensin superfamily have the capacity to promote l

284 b14), a newly identified member of the mouse beta-defensin superfamily, is expressed in mouse fibrosa

285 series of antimicrobial peptides based on a beta-defensin template.

286 n upregulated beta-defensin-1, but not other beta-defensin tested, with the extent and duration of up

287 ilable datasets and found that among all the beta-defensins tested, only beta-defensin 1 was signific

288 d greater expressions of osteoprotegerin and beta-defensins than group EP (P <0.05).

289 rata is less susceptible to killing by human beta-defensins than is C. albicans and exhibits various

290 ves the expression of antimicrobials such as beta-defensins, the cathelicidin LL-37, cytokeratin-deri

291 We observed that beta-defensin treatment inhibited accumulation of early

292 In conclusion, the beta-defensins used in this study contribute to the inna

293 The observed concentration range for beta-defensins was between the detection limit and 33 ng

294 xpression of Paneth cell alpha-cryptdins and beta-defensins was determined by real-time quantitative

295 ole in T. denticola's relative resistance to beta-defensins was investigated.

296 and HBD3 and several other human alpha- and beta-defensins were also examined.

297 All three canine beta-defensins were highly expressed in testis.

298 l pathogen, is relatively resistant to human beta-defensins, which are small cationic antimicrobial p

299 ltry are functional equivalents of mammalian beta-defensins, which constitute an integral component o

300 s express two types of defensins, alpha- and beta-defensins, which have antiviral activity against bo