ライフサイエンスコーパス: biochar

1 t is promoted as a C sequestration strategy (biochar).

2 and use as a carbon sequestration technique (biochar).

3 tional amendment of pyrolyzed waste biomass (biochar).

4 onents, including the charcoal black carbon (biochar).

5 ent along the edges of multisheets composing biochar.

6 ay biochar), as compared to untreated bamboo biochar.

7 ined TOrCs more effectively than 1.0 wt % BN-biochar.

8 est sorption, followed by MCG-biochar and BN-biochar.

9 il is commonly observed after amendment with biochar.

10 unamended soil, except the 0.5% amendment of biochar.

11 heets is likely to dominate on 700 degrees C biochar.

12 ient-rich organic matter, e.g., co-composted biochar.

13 o not represent soil carbon sequestration or biochar.

14 vailability parameters for PAHs in two model biochars.

15 s of PAHs (i.e., bioacessibility) in the two biochars.

16 key factors influencing the CO(2)-SA of the biochars.

17 n important role in the adsorption of PHE by biochars.

18 oxyl and carboxylic groups in Hg sorption by biochars.

19 stration potentials than most slow-pyrolysis biochars.

20 lowest for Dowex Mac 3 (5 L) and highest for biochar (19 L).

21 The addition of biochar (33 ton dry biochar ha(-1)) gave rise to a sharp

22 Qmax of N2O on biochar (50000-130000 mug g(-1) biochar at 20 degrees C)

23 Here, we aged a wood biochar (550 degrees C) by chemical oxidation with 5-15%

24 Biochar, a charcoal-like product of the incomplete combu

25 Biochar, a form of pyrogenic carbon, can contribute to a

26 us material (n-PCM) derived from pecan shell biochar, a model for natural chars and human-made chars

27 uel soot, biomass char), engineered carbons (biochar, activated carbon), and related materials like g

28 The introduction of biochar, activated carbon, and other carbonaceous materi

29 ith previous studies our results showed that biochar addition can lead to a significant decrease in N

30 Furthermore, biochar addition led to a significant increase in transc

31 The effect of biochar addition on the levels of black carbon (BC) and

32 emissions from soil carbon sequestration and biochar addition to land, and also the potential global

33 life cycle than conservation farming without biochar addition.

34 Biochar adsorbents can cost less and sequester carbon; h

35 by pulverized granular activated carbon and biochar adsorption in deionized water and stormwater was

36 Biochar affected differently shoot and root length of cr

37 cosm experiments to test the hypothesis that biochar altered the structure and function of stream ben

38 nstrate enhanced TOrC biodegradation and (2) biochar-amended sand bearing DOC-cultivated biofilms wou

39 fold higher than that of E. coli K12 in all biochar-amended sand columns.

40 esses that cause N2O emission suppression in biochar-amended soils are still poorly understood.

41 ion of trace organic contaminants (TOrCs) in biochar-amended stormwater biofilters.

42 findings highlight the valuable services of biochar amendment for CH4 control from paddy soil in a f

43 Soil biochar amendment has been proposed as a promising tool

44 Soil biochar amendment has been shown to significantly decrea

45 Biochar amendment to soil is a potential technology for

46 To assess the effectiveness of biochar and activated carbon (AC) for enhanced trace org

47 ited the strongest sorption, followed by MCG-biochar and BN-biochar.

48 lding together the amorphous carbon units of biochar and C60 packing in the nC60 superstructure.

49 rtant consideration when amending soils with biochar and can help explain why biochar may enhance met

50 these results suggest that coamendment with biochar and compost may robustly enhance TOrC attenuatio

51 c communities were simultaneously exposed to biochar and Cu, effects were primarily associated with m

52 iple agricultural practices such as tillage, biochar and different nutrient applications could influe

53 n in the mixtures increased as expected with biochar and dose.

54 edominance of fulvic acid-like structures in biochar and lignin-like moieties in bio-oil.

55 sts, two commercially available biochars (BN-biochar and MCG-biochar) and an AC were investigated.

56 iously unattained resolution for biomass and biochar and offers a unique ability to reveal their chem

57 Adsorption on a biochar and reference adsorbent graphite was conducted o

58 ion of mineral species into the pores of the biochar and the formation of mineral nanostructures.

59 n the negative emission potential of SCS and biochar and their potential advantages compared to other

60 2 orders of magnitude higher for unactivated biochars and 3-4 orders of magnitude higher for ACs whic

61 verifying declared pyrolysis temperatures of biochars and evaluating ecosystem fire temperature postb

62 the adsorption of DBP by most of the tested biochars and pi-pi interaction play an important role in

63 ially available biochars (BN-biochar and MCG-biochar) and an AC were investigated.

64 roduction and use of wood biochar, biosolids biochar, and coal-derived PAC to remove sulfamethoxazole

65 PAC), granular activated carbon, corn stover biochar, and ferric oxyhydroxide powder, which have prev

66 tration reductions of 18-80% for unactivated biochars, and >99% for ACs with 5% by weight amendment t

67 ed biochars (PLABs) and animal waste-derived biochars (ANIBs) obtained at low and high heating treatm

68 ubular BESs with carbon cloth anode (CCA) or biochar anode (BCA) were inserted into raw water saturat

69 Our results indicate that biochar application considerably increases particulate e

70 In this sense, biochar application to low-quality soils where high yiel

71 ify the environmental impacts of large-scale biochar application.

72 ted to analyze these two alternative uses of biochar, applying the study to a rural village system in

73 Charcoal and biochar are commonly used as analogues for each other to

74 ucture, degradation pathway, and porosity of biochar are observed at pyrolysis temperatures ranging f

75 the common notion that natural charcoal and biochar are well suited as proxies for each other, and s

76 on conditions on the speciation of sulfur in biochars are not well-known.

77 Biochars are obtained by pyrolyzing biomass materials an

78 al technique for determining whether certain biochars are safe and benign for use as carbon sequestra

79 Chars from wildfires and soil amendments (biochars) are strong adsorbents that can impact the fate

80 The application of biochar as a soil amendment is a potential strategy for

81 his work describes for first time the use of biochar as electrode modifier in combination with differ

82 ing wastewater biosolids-derived biochar (WB-biochar) as a catalyst was investigated to decrease bio-

83 ted by iron-sulfate-clay slurries (iron-clay biochar), as compared to untreated bamboo biochar.

84 The porosity of the biochar, as measured by NMR cryoporosimetry, is altered

85 ax of N2O on biochar (50000-130000 mug g(-1) biochar at 20 degrees C) exceeded the N2O emission suppr

86 ume is observed in the kaolinite-infiltrated biochar at 550 degrees C, which is attributed to the blo

87 e present study investigates the efficacy of biochar-augmented model sand biofilters for Escherichia

88 Our results show that E. coli removal in a biochar-augmented sand biofilter is approximately 96% an

89 ical processes (e.g., aeolian transport) for biochar-based carbon sequestration programs.

90 N removed) were lower for clinoptilolite and biochar because of their substantially lower unit cost.

91 e should be included with estimates of other biochar benefits, such as crop yield increase, soil wate

92 uantification of this trade-off for specific biochar-biofuel pathways has been hampered by lack of an

93 impacts from the production and use of wood biochar, biosolids biochar, and coal-derived PAC to remo

94 rogenic carbonaceous materials (PCMs) (i.e., biochar, black carbon, and graphene).

95 screening tests, two commercially available biochars (BN-biochar and MCG-biochar) and an AC were inv

96 h carboxylic and phenolic hydroxyl groups in biochars BP300-450, whereas 91% of sorbed Hg was associa

97 xyl and carboxylic groups in low temperature biochars (BP300 and BP450) and graphite-like structure i

98 graphite-like structure in high temperature biochar (BP600).

99 strained villagers may however prefer to use biochar briquettes as a higher-value fuel for cooking ov

100 ributed to exhaustion of attachment sites on biochar by the dissolved organic carbon leached from com

101 (biofuel energy sacrificed per unit mass of biochar C), with methanol synthesis giving this lowest e

102 e, suggesting that utilizing sand mixed with biochar can act as a promising biofilter capable of prot

103 While it is clear that biochar can alter soil N2O emissions, data on NO impacts

104 The finding that biochar can stimulate DIET may be an important considera

105 Owing to the production process, biochars can contain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (P

106 ther solid materials, such as coal, coke, or biochar, can hardly be analyzed by liquid state NMR due

107 WB-biochar catalyst increased the py-gas yield nearly 2-fol

108 tion pretreatment and at more acidic pH, MBM biochar causes precipitation of a ZnPO4 phase.

109 In avoidance tests, E. fetida preferred biochar compared to all other amendments including the u

110 was significantly lower in trays containing biochar compared to the results from the controls.

111 ochar is generated, with oak and corn stover biochars containing 160 and 600-800 ppm sulfur, respecti

112 eveloped and applied to several pathways for biochar coproduction with gaseous and liquid biofuels.

113 Biochar could be implemented in combination with bioener

114 In soils, biochar could change its role over time through alterati

115 ity and bioaccessibility in sediments, while biochar could impact sediment microbial ecology.

116 filtration basin amended with F300-AC or MCG-biochar could obtain sorption-retarded breakthrough time

117 We investigated the possibility that biochar could promote direct interspecies electron trans

118 tics, the maximum P sorption capacity of the biochar could reach >100 mg.g(-1).

119 Our results suggest that aging of biochar could reverse its capacity for the adsorption of

120 The biochar data were compared to those for two activated ca

121 ly adsorbed both ammonium and phosphate when biochar derived organic matter (BDOM) was included.

122 e clay, at lower pyrolysis temperatures, the biochar develops a higher pore volume, while at higher t

123 We show that wood biochars disrupt communication within a growing multicel

124 eukaryote were variable, but overall the 2% biochar dose provided the most frequent positive effect

125 ts than PAC in five categories due to larger biochar dose requirements to reach the treatment objecti

126 curves for four adsorbents (clinoptilolite, biochar, Dowex 50, and Dowex Mac 3) were compared in pur

127 erstanding of the mechanisms responsible for biochar effects on benthic communities and to identify t

128 ty of the biochar in the soil, as well as of biochar effects on biomass yield, is evaluated.

129 in Zambia to evaluate the overall impacts of biochar for agricultural use.

130 granular activated carbon, carbon cloth, and biochar, for long-range electron exchange without the ne

131 reased application rates of unoxidized PW600 biochar from 0 to 20 wt % led to a reduction in the tran

132 iochar production, conservation farming plus biochar from earth-mound kilns generally results in a la

133 low pyrolysis system for generating heat and biochar from lignocellulosic energy crops is simulated a

134 study, the sulfur content and speciation in biochars generated from pyrolysis and gasification of oa

135 The addition of biochar (33 ton dry biochar ha(-1)) gave rise to a sharp increase in soil or

136 Moderate capacity wood biochar had environmental benefits in four categories (s

137 Low capacity wood biochar had even larger benefits for global warming, res

138 Compared to the NT-URAN, the NT-biochar had lower soil respiration and similar yield.

139 Biosolids biochar had the worst relative environmental performance

140 Unactivated biochars had limited effectiveness for organics and Hg b

141 Biochar has a long residence time in the soil and hence

142 Biochar has gained significant interest worldwide for it

143 Overall, our study indicates that biochar has potential to remove bacteria from stormwater

144 indicate that soil carbon sequestration and biochar have useful negative emission potential (each 0.

145 While biochars have been suggested as low-cost and sustainable

146 s through co-firing bio-oil and sequestering biochar in agricultural lands.

147 Use of biochar in briquettes for cooking fuel yielded negative

148 The results confirm that the use of biochar in conservation farming is beneficial for climat

149 to superior sorption kinetics, 0.2 wt % MCG-biochar in saturated sand columns retained TOrCs more ef

150 This implies that the functioning of biochar in soil is determined by the formation of an org

151 The divergence between pyrolysis vapors and biochar in the distribution of WSOCs with increasing car

152 he results of the long-term stability of the biochar in the soil, as well as of biochar effects on bi

153 ils amended with different concentrations of biochar, in comparison to control soils.

154 In stream mesocosms, biochar increased macroinvertebrate drift and significan

155 apped N2O and N2 in biochar microcosms and a biochar-induced increase in typical and atypical nosZ tr

156 Our findings suggest that biochar-induced N2O emission mitigation is based on the

157 esults point towards a potential coupling of biochar-induced N2O emission reduction and an increase i

158 However, biochar inhibition of AHL-mediated cell-cell communicati

159 Incorporating biochar into paddy soil has been shown previously to red

160 lts showed that (1) the addition of oxidized biochar into QS columns enhanced the transport of E. col

161 Although the biochars investigated were 1000 times less conductive th

162 uld not be falsified that sorption of N2O to biochar is a mechanism of N2O emission suppression.

163 The use of the char as biochar is also contrasted with alternative use options:

164 Overall, moderate capacity wood biochar is an environmentally superior alternative to co

165 However, PAH sorption to biochar is characterized by very high (10(4)-10(6) L/kg)

166 f biomass to be the feedstock from which the biochar is generated, with oak and corn stover biochars

167 anistic understanding of nutrient storage in biochar is missing.

168 can provide carbon-negative bioenergy if the biochar is sequestered in soil, where it can improve fer

169 Biochar is the product of incomplete combustion (pyrolys

170 y (wildfire charcoal) and anthropogenically (biochar), is extensively studied due to its importance i

171 Except for the fast-pyrolysis biochar, KBC greatly exceeded the soil organic carbon-wa

172 ractions between nC60-stir and 700 degrees C biochar likely disrupted van der Waals forces holding to

173 ollectively, carboxyl-enriched 300 degrees C biochar likely formed strong hydrogen bonds with the cit

174 Sand columns containing just 0.5 wt % biochar maintained sorptive TOrC retention in the presen

175 ack carbon emissions from soils amended with biochar may counteract the negative emission potential d

176 soils with biochar and can help explain why biochar may enhance methane production from organic wast

177 gies such as large-scale land application of biochar may provide sustainable pathways to increase the

178 d in the literature (range 0.5-960 mug g(-1) biochar; median 16 mug g(-1)) by several orders of magni

179 ack carbons (graphite, activated carbon, and biochar) mediate the degradation of nitrated compounds b

180 Modeled biochar-mediated health benefits are up to $4.3 million/

181 r quantities of soil-entrapped N2O and N2 in biochar microcosms and a biochar-induced increase in typ

182 abundant nanopores of OC existed within the biochars obtained 450 degrees C (HTBs), which likely res

183 -capped nAu on 300-700 degrees C pecan shell biochars occurred rapidly and irreversibly even at neutr

184 alues of typically 10(6)-10(9) L/kg made the biochars often act as sinks, rather than sources, of PAH

185 r, the comprehensive study on the effects of biochar on HOC biodegradation coupled with bioavailabili

186 reaction (qPCR) to investigate the impact of biochar on mineral and gaseous nitrogen dynamics and den

187 In this paper, the effects of biochar on the biodegradation of nonylphenol (NP) were i

188 However, the effect of biochar on the structure and function of microbial commu

189 te is predicted at long-term applications of biochar or black carbon.

190 These results indicate that biochars or ACs with superior sorption capacity and kine

191 N or chicken litter) and application method, biochar, or denitrification inhibitor.

192 Additionally, we test the role of biochar particle size and "presence of compost on model"

193 mechanisms-the accelerated emission of fine biochar particles and the generation and emission of fin

194 r particles resulting from abrasion of large biochar particles by sand grains.

195 Removal of fine (<125 mum) biochar particles from the biochar-sand biofilter decrea

196 cles and the generation and emission of fine biochar particles resulting from abrasion of large bioch

197 overs the outer and inner (pore) surfaces of biochar particles using high-resolution spectro(micro)sc

198 0 nm) reproducibly disintegrated pecan shell biochar pellets (2 mm) made at 700 degrees C into a stab

199 udy indicated that there could be an optimal biochar percentage in biochar-sediment systems at differ

200 The properties of plant residue-derived biochars (PLABs) and animal waste-derived biochars (ANIB

201 e presence of clay causes a reduction in the biochar pore volume.

202 esign, further studies are needed to examine biochar potential in the field over an entire rainy seas

203 nt in the case of large-scale application of biochar, potentially creating Darks Earths or Terra Pret

204 tion 10-fold more than an equivalent mass of biochar prepared at 300 degrees C (surface area of 3 m(2

205 ted cell-cell communication varied, with the biochar prepared at 700 degrees C (surface area of 301 m

206 d the potential application of an engineered biochar prepared from Mg-enriched tomato tissues to recl

207 f hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) to biochar presents potential implications for HOCs bioavai

208 idized (UO) pine wood (PW) or pine bark (PB) biochar produced at either 350 or 600 degrees C.

209 ounds (WSOCs) were extracted from corn stalk biochar produced at increasing pyrolysis temperatures (3

210 rmation of these structures was confirmed in biochar produced by pilot plant pyrolysis units.

211 EDS mapping of a biochar produced from corn stover pyrolysis shows indivi

212 estigated the mechanisms of Hg sorption onto biochars produced from Brazilian pepper (BP; Schinus ter

213 Biochars produced in gasification conditions at 850 degr

214 Biochars produced under pyrolysis conditions at 500-600

215 ghed the negative environmental impacts from biochar production and the related production costs.

216 n reasons for this are that emissions during biochar production are not compensated by carbon sequest

217 ster carbon; however, net benefits depend on biochar production conditions and treatment capabilities

218 g-term improvements in soil fertility offset biochar production costs.

219 However, increasing biochar production entails a reduction in bioenergy obta

220 e organosulfur content as the temperature of biochar production increases suggests a similar sulfur t

221 l production, the minimum energy penalty for biochar production is 33 GJ Mg(-1) C.

222 Three different biochar production methods were evaluated: traditional e

223 Here, we show that biochar production reduces liquid biofuel yield by at le

224 Of special importance is the biochar production technique which has to be evaluated f

225 cts from particle emissions originating from biochar production, conservation farming plus biochar fr

226 orage effect and the agricultural benefit in biochar production-utilization systems for a sustainable

227 ogical treatment for biofuels, chemicals, or biochar production.

228 ary due to the large environmental impact of biochar production.

229 pyrolysis conditions to optimize for desired biochar properties or to modulate energy versus biochar

230 Amending soil with biochar (pyrolized biomass) is suggested as a globally a

231 found that, above pH 6.1, Zn adsorbed to MBM biochar quickly (within 5 h) with a maximum adsorption c

232 Commercial hardwood biochars ranging in N2 specific surface area of 0.1-427

233 electrons were likely conducted through the biochar, rather than biological electrical connections.

234 nded with different percentage of rice straw biochar (RC).

235 The Ca and Fe in WB-biochar reduced bio-oil yield and increased py-gas yield

236 ironmental exposure of PAHs originating from biochars relevant.

237 Hydrophilic species in poorly carbonized biochar resembled those in bio-oil, but the increasing c

238 horter heating durations than slow-pyrolysis biochars, resulting in differing physicochemical propert

239 Electron microscopy analysis of the biochar reveals the infusion of mineral species into the

240 as proxies for each other, and suggest that biochar's environmental residence time may be underestim

241 ht the need for an improved understanding of biochar's impacts on soil NO emissions.

242 tion capacity was nonlinearly related to the biochar's surface charge density (r(2) = 0.94) while ele

243 f fine (<125 mum) biochar particles from the biochar-sand biofilter decreased the removal capacity fr

244 Addition of compost to biochar-sand biofilters not only lowered E. coli removal

245 re could be an optimal biochar percentage in biochar-sediment systems at different HOC concentrations

246 o be effective, the size should be small and biochar should be applied without compost.

247 In addition, biochar should continue to be used in those soils where

248 he most cost-effective technology only where biochar significantly improves agricultural yields, with

249 Within 10 days, biochar significantly increased the diversity of nirK an

250 In addition, the P-laden biochar significantly stimulated grass seed germination

251 removal capacity from 95% to 62%, indicating biochar size is important.

252 terial and fungal isolates), together with a biochar soil amendment, were tested further in the field

253 We examined biochar sorption of N-3-oxo-dodecanoyl-L-homoserine lact

254 However, the oxidized biochar substantially adsorbed both ammonium and phospha

255 formation of an organic coating, rather than biochar surface oxidation, as previously suggested.

256 nd surface deposition of P on Mg crystals on biochar surfaces.

257 reenhouse gas emissions are obtained for the biochar system, indicating a significant carbon abatemen

258 Although bioenergy-biochar systems (BEBCS) can also deliver CDR, they are n

259 ivity to biomass yield increase is found for biochar systems.

260 nsferability of these findings to other soil-biochar systems.

261 Retention of nAu was (i) greater on biochars than a sandy loam soil, (ii) greater at higher

262 biological effects can be triggered by soil biochar that can positively and negatively influence car

263 utrient-rich organic coating on co-composted biochar that covers the outer and inner (pore) surfaces

264 lities reach these goals because it produces biochar that is a valuable soil amendment as well as bio

265 Coproduction of biofuels with biochar (the carbon-rich solid formed during biomass pyr

266 er a wide range of field conditions, but for biochar to be effective, the size should be small and bi

267 soil NO reduction, widespread application of biochar to fertilized agricultural soils could reduce O3

268 ly occurred above the weight ratio of 30,000 biochar to nC60-stir.

269 Adding biochar to paddy soil reduced CH4 emission under ambient

270 e examined the ability of rice straw-derived biochar to reduce CH4 emission from paddy soil under ele

271 available and laboratory synthesized ACs and biochars to sorb PAHs, PCBs, DDTs, inorganic Hg, and MeH

272 Because it is unlikely that biochar treatments would be employed in uncontaminated a

273 ty composition showed little variation among biochar treatments, and significant responses were limit

274 tential air quality and health cobenefits of biochar use highlight the need for an improved understan

275 eased compared to the unamended soil when 2% biochar was added to it.

276 Most of the P retained in the engineered biochar was bioavailable and could be released equally a

277 uggested that, although sorption of P on the biochar was controlled by relatively slow kinetics, the

278 matic products from lignocellulose, while in biochar was featured by saturated carboxylic acids from

279 The amorphous carbon structure of biochar was preserved after the disintegration, which on

280 Biochar was shown to promote plant growth, especially wh

281 The speciation of sulfur in biochars was determined using X-ray absorption near-edge

282 tion of N2O and carbon dioxide (CO2) to four biochars was measured in an anhydrous system with pure N

283 Surface area-normalized retention of nAu on biochars was several orders of magnitude higher than neg

284 use of electrodialysis, the pinewood-derived biochar water extract is separated into 3 fractions (ano

285 ding of the toxic nature of pinewood-derived biochar water extracts as compared to benign peanut shel

286 ICR-MS) is utilized in this study to analyze biochar water extracts at a molecular level to enhance o

287 ly, research has shown that pinewood-derived biochar water extracts inhibited the growth of aquatic p

288 ile chicken litter- and peanut shell-derived biochar water extracts showed no growth inhibition.

289 he molecular composition of pinewood-derived biochar water extracts shows unique carbohydrate ligneou

290 s as compared to benign peanut shell-derived biochar water extracts.

291 d additional mesoporosity, which strengthens biochar-water interactions and thus enhances nutrient re

292 The soil-subtracted weathered biochar-water isotherms were more linear, and the KBC va

293 s process using wastewater biosolids-derived biochar (WB-biochar) as a catalyst was investigated to d

294 Unactivated biochars were as effective as the steam activated carbon

295 EM, and was preserved after the retention by biochar, which resulted in the aggregation or alignment

296 ike domain on an aromatic structure in BP600 biochar, which were consistent with flow calorimetry dat

297 However, experiments with other soils and biochars will be required to verify the transferability

298 Oxidation changed the functionality of biochar with the introduction of carboxylic and phenolic

299 Cells were attached to the biochar, yet not in close contact, suggesting that elect

300 char properties or to modulate energy versus biochar yields in response to fluctuating price differen