ライフサイエンスコーパス: biogenesis

1 COPII vesicles at the start of autophagosome biogenesis.

2 thways and supports organelle remodeling and biogenesis.

3 ary and sufficient for starvation-induced LD biogenesis.

4 ag oligomerization, particle morphology, and biogenesis.

5 pendent rDNA transcription key for ribosomal biogenesis.

6 RP mRNA translation and subsequent ribosome biogenesis.

7 teins reflecting its endogenous splicing and biogenesis.

8 he inhibition of different steps in ribosome biogenesis.

9 and are essential to successful chloroplast biogenesis.

10 he opening of mPTP and induces mitochondrial biogenesis.

11 on radicals, citrate cycle, and tetrapyrrole biogenesis.

12 es highlighted proteins involved in ribosome biogenesis.

13 change cell energetics through mitochondrial biogenesis.

14 -selective gene expression and mitochondrial biogenesis.

15 on up-regulation is due to inefficient piRNA biogenesis.

16 cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) particle biogenesis.

17 m large-scale analyses of miRNA function and biogenesis.

18 or of antioxidant response and mitochondrial biogenesis.

19 hat is essential for large ribosomal subunit biogenesis.

20 ng both mitophagic activity and mitochondria biogenesis.

21 ordinate polarized transendothelial platelet biogenesis.

22 GPIb that controls transendothelial platelet biogenesis.

23 adenylation is a key step in eukaryotic mRNA biogenesis.

24 cryptolepine treatment reduced mitochondrial biogenesis.

25 n hindered by limited understanding of their biogenesis.

26 is incapable of pyrimidine salvage for mRNA biogenesis.

27 ast is essential for photosynthetic membrane biogenesis.

28 d the surrounding microenvironment during EV biogenesis.

29 asion, acting on rhoptry secretory organelle biogenesis.

30 e Sch9p protein kinase regulator of ribosome biogenesis.

31 ta-carotene levels with impaired chromoplast biogenesis.

32 t effectively attenuated tumor growth and LD biogenesis.

33 e impact of human genetic variation on miRNA biogenesis.

34 tion to its established function in microRNA biogenesis.

35 e rely on glycolysis for their outer segment biogenesis.

36 l modification of the newborn protein during biogenesis.

37 emonstrated distinct effects on polycystin-1 biogenesis.

38 f Myc protein, a known regulator of ribosome biogenesis.

39 program that promotes autophagy and lysosome biogenesis.

40 ttle is known about its precise location and biogenesis.

41 erally implicating the ESCRT machinery in EV biogenesis.

42 ce downstream processes leading to thylakoid biogenesis.

43 are being utilized for the analyses of piRNA biogenesis.

44 icroparticles (EMPs) and is required for EMP biogenesis.

45 n, which is crucial for spliceosome subunits biogenesis.

46 ry molecular components required for Rubisco biogenesis.

47 of root hairs mostly independent of microRNA biogenesis.

48 of TAS3a linked its translation with tasiRNA biogenesis.

49 is required to rapidly complete chloroplast biogenesis.

50 hosphate 5-kinase, and required for ribosome biogenesis.

51 ag oligomerization, particle morphology, and biogenesis.

52 likely secondary to decreased mitochondrial biogenesis.

53 two independent and essential steps of miRNA biogenesis.

54 s, and apoptosis and increased mitochondrial biogenesis.

55 tosynthetic genes and initiating chloroplast biogenesis.

56 ey role for Nrf2 in control of mitochondrial biogenesis.

57 teins, particularly CHMP2A, function in eHAV biogenesis.

58 sociated with ssDNA interaction and ribosome biogenesis.

59 y purification of the plastidial CHLOROPLAST BIOGENESIS 19 (CLB19) PPR editing factor.

60 aling was suboptimal, was linked to ribosome biogenesis, a rate-limiting factor in both cell growth a

61 -ATPase), and ZnT2 deletion impaired vesicle biogenesis, acidification, trafficking, and secretion.

62 ough a plethora of factors involved in their biogenesis and action in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thalia

63 The timescale of miRNA biogenesis and activation is much shorter than the media

64 the CK2 regulatory beta-subunit on platelet biogenesis and activation.

65 ral systems, we show that increased ribosome biogenesis and activity are a hallmark of premature agin

66 sembling those of mutants defective in miRNA biogenesis and activity.

67 MPK cascade genes, involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and antioxidant defences, was also detected a

68 perties of AMPARs are laid down during their biogenesis and are regulated by post-transcriptional RNA

69 priming, the initial stages of autophagosome biogenesis and autophagosome expansion remain resistant

70 ster regulators of lysosomal and melanosomal biogenesis and autophagy-control mTORC1 lysosomal recrui

71 involved in the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and bioenergetics.

72 leoside kinase activity that regulates mtDNA biogenesis and can be leveraged to selectively target ox

73 of these GABRG2 mutations on GABAA receptor biogenesis and channel function.

74 This review focuses on the biogenesis and composition of the eukaryotic DNA replica

75 these proteins cause increased autophagosome biogenesis and compromised lysosomal activity.

76 as FXN-dependent deficiency in mitochondrial biogenesis and consequent mitochondrial bioenergetic def

77 roplatelet formation, it dampened MK granule biogenesis and directional migration toward an SDF1alpha

78 ty acid analogue, impairs lipid droplet (LD) biogenesis and ERAD, suggesting a role for LDs in ERAD.

79 the induction of genes involved in lysosomal biogenesis and exocytosis.

80 ine, sites for triglyceride-rich lipoprotein biogenesis and export.

81 d CPCs also failed to increase mitochondrial biogenesis and expression of the mitochondrial proteins

82 (DMF) dose-dependently induces mitochondrial biogenesis and function dosed to cells in vitro, and als

83 Here, we provide an overview of miRNA biogenesis and function in regulating key genes and cell

84 se training would enhance mitochondrial (Mt) biogenesis and function in skeletal muscle of young hors

85 er, important questions remain regarding the biogenesis and function of diRNAs.

86 idates the molecular mechanism governing the biogenesis and function of Myrf N-terminal fragments and

87 gnals are thought to be essential for proper biogenesis and function of the plastid.

88 actor PPAR-gamma that controls mitochondrial biogenesis and function, has a pivotal role in the early

89 ed and depend on the modifications for their biogenesis and function.

90 regulator of lipid metabolism and lysosomal biogenesis and function.

91 hat the different functions of Mss116 in the biogenesis and functioning of the mitochondrial translat

92 n and maintenance at telomeres depend on the biogenesis and functions of tDDRNAs.

93 rosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, ribosome biogenesis and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis were significa

94 ew of our current understanding of centriole biogenesis and how variations around the same theme gene

95 order to gain insight into the mango cuticle biogenesis and identify putative cuticle-associated gene

96 Aged CPCs fail to activate mitochondrial biogenesis and increase proteins involved in mitochondri

97 delivery of a T4SS effector to promote rBCV biogenesis and intracellular proliferation, providing me

98 The biogenesis and maintenance of cell organelles such as mi

99 far-reaching - from impacts on cell envelope biogenesis and maintenance, bacterial physiology, antibi

100 ed four proteins implicated in mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolism regulation as candidate substr

101 Nrf2 in counter-regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolism.

102 ly, age-related impairments in mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial function.

103 ished the major molecular framework of miRNA biogenesis and modes of action, and are beginning to elu

104 rt (TREX) complex, known to function in mRNA biogenesis and nuclear export.

105 xylic acid-dependent and -independent energy biogenesis and oxygen consumption in mice without a conc

106 The c-myc oncogene stimulates ribosomal biogenesis and protein synthesis to promote cellular gro

107 osome fission is implicated in both lysosome biogenesis and reformation, our findings suggest that TR

108 mal Ca(2+) channel controlling both lysosome biogenesis and reformation.

109 ed for extended periods of time during their biogenesis and rely on interactions with binding partner

110 exercise training through both mitochondrial biogenesis and removal of damaged/dysfunctional mitochon

111 erations on energy metabolism, mitochondrial biogenesis and restores mitochondrial membrane potential

112 oteins, including those involved in ribosome biogenesis and rRNA processing.

113 embly-induced folding is key in IL-12 family biogenesis and secretion.

114 ssociated chromatin complex in the ribosomal biogenesis and senescence pathways.

115 vances our understanding of membrane protein biogenesis and sheds light on the role of TRAP in human

116 ocesses such as energy metabolism, organelle biogenesis and stress responses.

117 hondrial dynamics and enhances mitochondrial biogenesis and synaptic activity in APP mice; and that S

118 naling, we suspected a link between ribosome biogenesis and TOR1 signaling in NKKY101.

119 adult ventricular myocytes and follow their biogenesis and trafficking paths.

120 f intracellular trafficking by promoting the biogenesis and transport of vesicular cargoes.

121 In pollen, the perturbations in LD biogenesis and turnover are coupled to reduced germinati

122 viability by stimulating both mitochondrial biogenesis and turnover through BNIP3 induction.

123 rs by the concurrent activation of lysosomal biogenesis and up-regulation of macroautophagy.

124 ubstrates to fuel endoplasmic reticulum (ER) biogenesis, and additional carbon sources to generate en

125 g fission/fusion, ATP production, metabolite biogenesis, and apoptosis, are not well understood.

126 ding oxidative phosphorylation, neuropeptide biogenesis, and connective tissue maturation.

127 ncrease in cellular energy levels, lysosomal biogenesis, and endocytic uptake, suggesting that these

128 gh the role of CL in mitochondrial function, biogenesis, and genome stability has been studied, recen

129 ription of RNA pol III targets, reduce lipid biogenesis, and lower reproductive output.

130 for oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial biogenesis, and maintenance.

131 ription, translation, RNA splicing, ribosome biogenesis, and more recently, different classes of regu

132 citation-contraction coupling, mitochondrial biogenesis, and oxidative phosphorylation capacity.

133 rogates PHYB nuclear accumulation, photobody biogenesis, and PIF3 degradation.

134 infection processes, mitochondrial ribosome biogenesis, and regulation of apoptosis and nuclear tran

135 a paradigm for understanding its structure, biogenesis, and regulation.

136 tein is the primary driver of virus particle biogenesis, and the CA CTD is the primary determinant of

137 l contribute to our understanding of exosome biogenesis, and the results may have potential implicati

138 g yeast, cell cycle progression and ribosome biogenesis are dependent on plasma membrane growth, whic

139 Central components of autophagosomal biogenesis are six members of the LC3 and GABARAP family

140 additional roles for ClpXP in mitochondrial biogenesis are unclear.

141 lated behaviors and identifies mitochondrial biogenesis as a potential molecular pathway contributing

142 myopathies, with induction of mitochondrial biogenesis as the suggested main mechanism.

143 unctions, including DNA-related and ribosome biogenesis-associated activities.

144 Because impaired Fe-S cluster biogenesis associates with human disease, we determined

145 ng an essential role for SCY2 in chloroplast biogenesis beyond embryo development.

146 indicate that clathrin has a function in DCV biogenesis beyond its established role in removing unwan

147 e activity of TDRD9 is dispensable for piRNA biogenesis but is essential for transposon silencing and

148 curs during starvation-induced autophagosome biogenesis, but how centrosomal proteins regulate GABARA

149 also demonstrate that FUS regulates circRNA biogenesis by binding the introns flanking the back-spli

150 rotein that regulates lysosomal function and biogenesis by controlling the acidification of lysosomes

151 new strategy to regulate microRNAs (miRNAs) biogenesis by using bifunctional small molecules that co

152 Here, we asked whether targeting of ribosome biogenesis can be used as the basis for selective p53-de

153 that in addition to its function in caveolae biogenesis, Cavin-2 plays a critical role in endothelial

154 rs in the management of critical illness; 2) Biogenesis, characterization, and function of circulatin

155 The structure reveals how large ribosome biogenesis complexes assist the 5' external transcribed

156 show that Ldo proteins cooperate with the LD biogenesis component seipin and establish LD identity by

157 Here we show that piRNAs and piRNA biogenesis components regulate precursor mRNA splicing o

158 Mechanistic aspects of Fe/S protein biogenesis continue to be elucidated by biochemical and

159 ve translational potential, as mitochondrial biogenesis could now be followed as a clinical biomarker

160 The induction of mitochondrial biogenesis could potentially alleviate mitochondrial and

161 in many seed plants, and pathways for their biogenesis, degradation, and action have been defined in

162 Pathways underlying miRNA biogenesis, degradation, and activity were established i

163 Inherited peroxisomal biogenesis disorders (PBDs) are characterized by the abs

164 c and molecular approaches, we show that tRF biogenesis does not rely on canonical microRNA/siRNA pro

165 ysis revealed the induction of mitochondrial biogenesis, down-regulation of diabetes-related genes, a

166 ers that are caused by defects in peroxisome biogenesis due to bi-allelic mutations in any of 13 diff

167 regulating tissue architecture and organelle biogenesis during animal development.

168 However, the roles of mature miRNA biogenesis during EMT process needs to be defined.

169 ition between photosynthesis and chloroplast biogenesis early in seed development and seed maturation

170 which are distinguished by their origin and biogenesis, exist in plants.

171 While limiting ribosome biogenesis extends lifespan in several systems, we show

172 ynthesized proteins by cytosolic peroxisomal biogenesis factor 5 (PEX5) followed by insertion of the

173 In summary, Bcp1 is a novel 60S biogenesis factor via chaperoning Rpl23 in the nucleus.

174 with the C-terminal part of UbiJ, another UQ biogenesis factor we previously identified.

175 NA helicase yRok1/hROK1(DDX52), the ribosome biogenesis factor yRrp7/hRRP7 and yUtp24/hUTP24.

176 c studies revealed a decrease in peroxisomal biogenesis factor-2 and fewer peroxisomes in OL processe

177 ave established YVH1 as a novel 60S ribosome biogenesis factor.

178 ed, the abundance of Piwi proteins and piRNA biogenesis factors was commonly upregulated, resulting i

179 e possible to identify miRNAs by using these biogenesis features observed directly from sequenced rea

180 Here, we report the mechanism of biogenesis for tRNA-derived Piwi-interacting RNAs (td-pi

181 into a large network that controls organelle biogenesis, function, and dynamics.

182 nal proteins, especially those with ribosome biogenesis functions.

183 bservation that DMF stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis, gene expression and function suggests that i

184 ated reduced expression of multiple ribosome biogenesis genes and the key translation initiation fact

185 scriptional profiling revealed that ribosome biogenesis genes were significantly up-regulated in the

186 Within the category of 'cell wall/membrane biogenesis', genes encoding glycosysltransferases accumu

187 for regulation of B cell size, mitochondrial biogenesis, glycolysis and production of reactive oxygen

188 Recently, many aspects of piRNA biogenesis have been revealed in Drosophila melanogaster

189 , open-ended membranes, and their origin and biogenesis have perplexed virologists for decades.

190 in-induced injury, TH promoted mitochondrial biogenesis, improved mitochondrial bioenergetics and att

191 haperone complementarity that hinder Rubisco biogenesis in alternative hosts.

192 ngs have important implications for ribosome biogenesis in bacteria.

193 We here report that the piRNA biogenesis in BmN4 cells is regulated by cell density.

194 ospholipids, which is essential for membrane biogenesis in cancer cells.

195 ools that can regulate multiple steps of RNA biogenesis in cells and living organisms.

196 In this review, we elaborate on piRNA biogenesis in Drosophila somatic and germline cells.

197 hagocytosis as well as in the phagolysosomal biogenesis in E. histolytica and thus contributes to the

198 During ribosome biogenesis in eukaryotes, nascent subunits are exported

199 These deficiencies of mitochondrial biogenesis in FRDA cells and patient blood are significa

200 complex, which are required for normal piRNA biogenesis in germ cells, are dispensable.

201 of activated nucleoli and enhanced ribosome biogenesis in HGPS-derived fibroblasts.

202 estis-specific expression, disturbs ribosome biogenesis in late-prophase spermatocytes and prohibits

203 tein superfamily to the ESCRT pathway for MP biogenesis in mammalian cardiac ventricular cells, ident

204 e trafficking of cholesterol, and peroxisome biogenesis in mammalian cells.

205 is known about Psi presence, regulation, and biogenesis in mammalian mRNA.

206 l processing, chromatin regulators for piRNA biogenesis in mammals remain largely unexplored.

207 cholamines and crucial for secretory vesicle biogenesis in neuronal/neuroendocrine cells.

208 Ribosome biogenesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae involves a regulo

209 Cholesterol is rate-limiting for myelin biogenesis in the developing CNS; however, whether chole

210 ress the role of these four subunits in cbb3 biogenesis in the purple bacterium Rubrivivax gelatinosu

211 to fulfil its function in promoting lysosome biogenesis in the soma, suggesting a potential approach

212 concomitantly with the increase of lysosomal biogenesis induced by lysosome alkalizers or serum starv

213 Tfp biogenesis is a complex multistep process, which relies

214 th the idea that the decreased mitochondrial biogenesis is a consequence of FXN deficiency.

215 normous complexity of 60S synthesis.Ribosome biogenesis is a dynamic process that involves the ordere

216 As ribosome biogenesis is a well-known downstream phenomenon of targ

217 Polyphosphate (polyP) granule biogenesis is an ancient and ubiquitous starvation respo

218 Thus, chloroplast biogenesis is closely connected to leaf development, whi

219 d, the protein machinery that mediates their biogenesis is not.

220 Finally, we show that their biogenesis is partially dependent on a trans-acting fact

221 uring anaerobiosis or when hydrogen peroxide biogenesis is significantly reduced.

222 The contribution of the lungs to platelet biogenesis is substantial, accounting for approximately

223 Among the earliest folding events in biogenesis is the formation of a helix, an elementary st

224 sha (cKO)), an enzyme essential for microRNA biogenesis, leads to anemia and death.

225 s reveal a novel role for Lrp1 in peroxisome biogenesis, lipid homeostasis, and OPC differentiation d

226 differences in morphological, molecular and biogenesis machinery between exosomes derived from these

227 odal distribution and interacts with the LPS biogenesis machinery.

228 AR) agonist formoterol induces mitochondrial biogenesis (MB), but other beta2AR agonists, such as cle

229 Our study advances the understanding of biogenesis mechanisms and the genesis of specific expres

230 from cells or EVs, indicating that during EV biogenesis, no obvious editing of the MHC class I immuno

231 ition corresponds with the up-regulation and biogenesis of a cyclical AgrD-type, pentapeptide.

232 rmation about the mechanisms involved in the biogenesis of alphabeta-tubulin heterodimers.

233 omponent protein complex responsible for the biogenesis of beta-barrel outer membrane proteins (OMPs)

234 Biogenesis of CoV svRNAs was RNase III, cell type, and h

235 functions, such as import of preproteins and biogenesis of Fe-S clusters.

236 ablished the isomerocyclases involved in the biogenesis of hapalindole-type alkaloids as a new family

237 erved in yeast and provides insight into the biogenesis of intron circles.

238 sis and is necessary for steroidogenesis and biogenesis of iron-sulfur clusters.

239 ther aspects of iron dealt with here include biogenesis of iron-sulfur proteins and chaperones that d

240 Thus, the biogenesis of large and topologically challenging IgM co

241 not smoothened or fibrocystin, requires the biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex-1 (BLO

242 Loquacious-PD (Loqs-PD) is required for biogenesis of many endogenous siRNAs in Drosophila In vi

243 re, we report that super-enhancers drive the biogenesis of master miRNAs crucial for cell identity by

244 In this review, we briefly introduce the biogenesis of miRNAs and then describe the recent advanc

245 The biogenesis of most het-siRNAs depends on the plant-speci

246 MOS11 are involved in distinct steps of the biogenesis of mRNAs and small RNAs, and that they intera

247 ion of ILVs, we exploited the rapid, de novo biogenesis of MVEs during the oocyte-to-embryo transitio

248 ned that the IL6-pStat3 pathway promoted the biogenesis of onco-miR-221(hi) CAF microvesicles and est

249 tructural determinants recognized during the biogenesis of plant miRNAs.

250 To better understand the biogenesis of quasi-enveloped HAV (eHAV) virions, we con

251 onents of the actomyosin complex promote the biogenesis of secretory granules and thereby regulate ho

252 megaspore mother cell fate by promoting the biogenesis of TAS3-derived trans-acting small interferin

253 lix from D580 to S584 is critical for proper biogenesis of the A2 domain and FVIII, and reveal a rang

254 pe IVB secretion system is essential for the biogenesis of the CCV and the intracellular replication

255 es were identified, two possibly involved in biogenesis of the membrane-bound photosynthetic apparatu

256 our conserved assembly factors impinging the biogenesis of the mitochondrion-encoded catalytic core s

257 oviral action of PLK1 is associated with the biogenesis of the nucleocapsid, as BI-2536 leads to its

258 The biogenesis of these quiescence-induced miRNAs is indepen

259 nd cellular membranes that contribute to the biogenesis of virus-induced membrane organelles.

260 The biogenesis of VLDL particles occurs in the endoplasmic r

261 prising subcellular locations in which miRNA biogenesis or activity takes place.

262 abolism partly by upregulating mitochondrial biogenesis or function, via increased levels of nicotina

263 ce Regulator (CFTR) gene affect CFTR protein biogenesis or its function as a chloride channel, result

264 that increasing cell density promotes piRNA biogenesis pathway and that the resultant accumulation o

265 death rates across miRNA classes defined by biogenesis pathway, genomic clustering, and tissue restr

266 arget of rapamycin (TOR)-regulated ribosomal biogenesis pathway, which might underlie a cell differen

267 and the cellular iron-sulfur (Fe-S) protein biogenesis pathways by examining both the iron loading i

268 ding RNAs (lincRNAs) and mRNAs share similar biogenesis pathways, these transcript classes differ in

269 in multiple regulatory arms of the ribosome biogenesis pathways.

270 ability to study the process of chloroplast biogenesis per se.

271 s Cas9 and Csn2) have accessory roles in the biogenesis phase of prespacers.

272 iR transcripts (pre-miRs), controlling their biogenesis post-transcriptionally.

273 Thus, DMF induces mitochondrial biogenesis primarily through its action on Nrf2, and is

274 gical and pathological mechanisms of exosome biogenesis, protein trafficking, and signal transduction

275 luded several involved in bacterial envelope biogenesis, protein translocation, and metabolism.

276 taining physiological levels of Fe/S cluster biogenesis proteins during iron deprivation.

277 Thus, while ribosome biogenesis represents a potential site for the regulatio

278 nd its downregulation improves mitochondrial biogenesis, respiratory capacity and lipid oxidation.

279 A dynamic ribosomal biogenesis response is not required for IGF-1-mediated h

280 e robust inhibition of the dynamic ribosomal biogenesis response to IGF-1, myotube diameter and prote

281 Mitochondria are essential organelles whose biogenesis, structure, and function are regulated by man

282 necessary and sufficient for selecting piRNA biogenesis substrates.

283 ively) involving massive fusion and membrane biogenesis to form a perinuclear tubuloreticular structu

284 thways that link the cell cycle and ribosome biogenesis to membrane growth.

285 ink defects in GABAA receptor biophysics and biogenesis to patients with EOEE.

286 ucose metabolites and inducing mitochondrial biogenesis to restore mitochondrial function.

287 hat mammalian PNLDC1 is a regulator of piRNA biogenesis, transposon silencing and spermatogenesis, pr

288 d pool of free NADH, increased mitochondrial biogenesis, triggering of the mitochondrial unfolded pro

289 e, we demonstrate that mTORC1 promotes lipid biogenesis via SRPK2, a key regulator of RNA-binding SR

290 Induction of mitochondrial biogenesis was dependent on TFAM up-regulation but was i

291 scriptional regulator of autophagy-lysosomal biogenesis, we can reverse the autophagy dysfunction of

292 for active Ras protein signaling in exosome biogenesis, we found that GTP binding of K-Ras was dispe

293 terminal domain (NTD) and CA CTD in particle biogenesis, we generated and analyzed a panel of Gag pro

294 glycerol acyltransferase (DGAT)-dependent LD biogenesis, we provide evidence that LDs are dispensable

295 To investigate the role of clathrin in DCV biogenesis, we stably transduced PC12 cells with an indu

296 ers, oxidative metabolism, and mitochondrial biogenesis were induced to similar levels in MPhiM-CSF a

297 ted addition, a mechanism that impedes their biogenesis, whereas TRC miRNAs appear to evolve under po

298 -derived secretory vesicles during phagosome biogenesis, which was important for uptake of most cargo

299 Coordination of endomembrane biogenesis with cell cycle progression is considered to

300 drug demonstrated to increase mitochondrial biogenesis with in vivo human dosing.