ライフサイエンスコーパス: biosphere

1 al and widespread changes in the terrestrial biosphere.

2 represents the biophysical limit of Earth's biosphere.

3 radioactive contamination to the surrounding biosphere.

4 of the highest stores of soil carbon in the biosphere.

5 nd below-ground processes in the terrestrial biosphere.

6 ability to cause adverse consequence to the biosphere.

7 tral to our understanding of the terrestrial biosphere.

8 bly supplying significant energy to the deep biosphere.

9 ycle process that fuels the deep subseafloor biosphere.

10 lant N and P in a progressively CO2-enriched biosphere.

11 phages, the largest group of viruses in the Biosphere.

12 oic and the Cambrian emergence of the modern biosphere.

13 cycling within the largest ecosystem of the biosphere.

14 played a key role in the development of the biosphere.

15 be considered when modeling the terrestrial biosphere.

16 e of events leading to global changes in the biosphere.

17 severely limiting the size of the primordial biosphere.

18 underexplored reservoir of diversity in the biosphere.

19 ments at scales from local ecosystems to the biosphere.

20 icant effect on the biogeography of the rare biosphere.

21 tating lateral gene transfer in the deep-sea biosphere.

22 terns of commonness and rarity in the marine biosphere.

23 east-explored biodiversity components of the biosphere.

24 emporal structure in the rare microeukaryote biosphere.

25 is variability originates in the terrestrial biosphere.

26 ing to support synergistic growth across the biosphere.

27 nonredundant sequences found throughout the biosphere.

28 enzyme assimilating atmospheric CO2 into the biosphere.

29 Gulf of California and in the global marine biosphere.

30 cause its decay drives life processes in the biosphere.

31 quired for liquid water and so a significant biosphere.

32 able microbes to inhabit every corner of the biosphere.

33 on the evolution of cooperation in the early biosphere.

34 s are the most successful inhabitants of the biosphere.

35 margins for microbial colonization of a deep biosphere.

36 t poorly understood component of the Earth's biosphere.

37 and thereby determine the extent of Earth's biosphere.

38 hat have shaped the evolution of the Earth's biosphere.

39 e by far the most predominant protein in the biosphere.

40 onredundant sequences present throughout the biosphere.

41 that Archaea dominate the marine sedimentary biosphere.

42 irst glimpse into the phage side of the rare biosphere.

43 f the most abundant virus subfamilies in the biosphere.

44 mponent of many microbial communities in the biosphere.

45 ially catastrophic for both humanity and the biosphere.

46 seful measure of human intervention into the biosphere.

47 ary and functional diversity that shapes the biosphere.

48 uptake and release of CO2 by the oceans and biosphere.

49 constrain NPP across much of the terrestrial biosphere.

50 ss, the most frequent cytocidal event in the biosphere.

51 ole in maintaining the nitrogen cycle of the biosphere.

52 f-amplification and self-organization of the biosphere.

53 gly modern aspect operating in an unfamiliar biosphere.

54 in a variety of sample types throughout the biosphere.

55 an absolute majority of all organisms in the biosphere.

56 in the distribution and makeup of the Arctic biosphere.

57 from oceans was absorbed by the terrestrial biosphere.

58 rent and future states of the atmosphere and biosphere.

59 gators to map the microbial component of the biosphere.

60 consistent with an increasingly oxygenating biosphere.

61 ofound influences on carbon (C) cycle in the biosphere.

62 he amount of nitrogen (N) circulating in the biosphere.

63 esis, signaling the end of the solar-powered biosphere.

64 -surface and subsurface primordial microbial biosphere.

65 total N lost from the unmanaged terrestrial biosphere.

66 he removal and sequestration of CO2 from the biosphere.

67 es the flow of matter and energy through the biosphere.

68 phere, shallow lithosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere.

69 ng free-living N fixation in the terrestrial biosphere.

70 a large portion of nitrogen fixation in the biosphere.

71 to free-living N fixation in the terrestrial biosphere.

72 nd related capsidless mobile elements in the biosphere.

73 lar handedness, or homochirality, across the biosphere.

74 cesses that govern our interactions with the biosphere.

75 mately supporting methanogenesis in the deep biosphere.

76 e specialized for survival in the subsurface biosphere.

77 nsfer mechanisms from the hydrosphere to the biosphere.

78 evolutionarily viable in today's terrestrial biosphere.

79 face chemistry and the low oxygen primordial biosphere.

80 evolution of the hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere.

81 jor provider of energy-rich compounds in the biosphere.

82 to a dominantly oxygen-requiring (post-GOE) biosphere; (2) consistent with the rRNA phylogeny of cya

83 ound on the total information content in the biosphere: 5.3 x 1031 (+/-3.6 x 1031) megabases (Mb) of

84 n and process across most of the terrestrial biosphere, a global change often described as historical

85 as been the dramatic reshaping of the global biosphere, a transformation whose early origins are incr

86 le in global biogeochemical cycles, but deep biosphere activities are not well understood.

87 represent the first holistic picture of deep biosphere activities.

88 However it is difficult to prove deep biosphere activity in the geological record, where evide

89 indings could help to improve assessments of biosphere-aerosol-climate feedback mechanisms, and the a

90 t limitation is pervasive in the terrestrial biosphere, although the relationship between global carb

91 on the cycling flux between the terrestrial biosphere and atmosphere and infers a residence time of

92 regulating CO2 exchange between the Earth's biosphere and atmosphere, and in determining how carbon

93 e for mediating carbon exchanges between the biosphere and atmosphere.

94 rtant future interactions between the tundra biosphere and atmosphere.

95 anisms are needed to understand Earth's deep biosphere and biotechnology applications.

96 thesis in the next generation of terrestrial biosphere and Earth system models.

97 ms per annum quantities from the terrestrial biosphere and exerts a large effect on atmospheric chemi

98 urs across extinction boundaries, pushes the biosphere and geosphere out of equilibrium.

99 aftermaths suggests strong ties between the biosphere and geosphere, and a previously undescribed ma

100 e carbon storage capacity of the terrestrial biosphere and hence the land-based mitigation potential.

101 space with fundamental ramifications for the biosphere and humanity.

102 Soil is a crucial component of the biosphere and is a major sink for organic carbon.

103 y anthropogenic and natural processes in the biosphere and its information diversity over time.

104 ime of CO(2) with respect to the terrestrial biosphere and oceans than previously estimated.

105 Phages are the most abundant entity in the biosphere and outnumber bacteria by a factor of 10.

106 en sequestration of POC from the terrestrial biosphere and oxidation of rock-derived (petrogenic) org

107 e assessment of our planet's history, with a biosphere and perhaps even climate long ago affected by

108 ymes important for cellulose turnover in the biosphere and relevant to biomass conversion processes.

109 onal changes in the CO2 exchange between the biosphere and the atmosphere.

110 ions would have had an extreme impact on the biosphere and the atmosphere.

111 as it regulates the gas exchange between the biosphere and the atmosphere.

112 erstanding the relationship between the deep biosphere and the carbon cycle.

113 de (CO2) is altering the productivity of the biosphere and the uptake of CO2 by the oceans.

114 model to quantify CH4 fluxes from the marine biosphere and to examine the capacity of biogenic CH4 to

115 the most numerous biological entities in the biosphere, and although their genetic diversity is high,

116 he most abundant and diverse entities in the biosphere, and influence the evolution of most bacterial

117 ep carbon cycle, provide energy for the deep biosphere, and may have implications for the origins of

118 atmosphere pool, provides energy to the deep biosphere, and on geological timescales drives the oxyge

119 te responses, feedbacks with the terrestrial biosphere, and oxidation pathways affecting O(3) and SOA

120 Ecosystems across the biosphere are subject to rapid changes in elemental bala

121 bial life strategies in the present-day deep biosphere as well as early life on Earth and beyond.

122 agerstatten and provides a key record of the biosphere at a time of changing oceanic redox structure

123 r developmental program populated the marine biosphere at least a billion years before the Cambrian E

124 ent, however reconciling the response of the biosphere (at local and nonlocal scales) to potential CA

125 oves organic carbon (OC) from the short-term biosphere-atmosphere carbon (C) cycle, and therefore pre

126 t of the warmer spring and summer drought on biosphere-atmosphere carbon and water exchange in 2012.

127 eographic and temporal variability in Amazon biosphere-atmosphere carbon exchange and that is minimal

128 ay impose additional isotopic constraints on biosphere-atmosphere carbon exchange, biosphere producti

129 ed to further improve modeled projections of biosphere-atmosphere CO2 exchange in a changing climate.

130 standing of the global carbon cycle, because biosphere-atmosphere exchange fluxes affect the differen

131 , we elucidate key processes controlling the biosphere-atmosphere exchange of H2 and raise new questi

132 unction feeds back on the climate system via biosphere-atmosphere exchange of matter and energy.

133 rate North America, therefore changes to the biosphere-atmosphere exchange of water vapor and energy

134 n comparison with variability in terrestrial biosphere-atmosphere exchange, and could be explained pr

135 ions and can increase summer heating through biosphere-atmosphere feedbacks.

136 al is then passed on to atmospheric CO(2) by biosphere-atmosphere gas exchange.

137 important considerations for modeling future biosphere-atmosphere interactions and for understanding

138 cted a coupled, four-box, and quick-response biosphere-atmosphere model to examine both the steady st

139 effects of vegetation and climate change on biosphere-atmosphere water vapor (H2 O) and carbon dioxi

140 resented for accurately modeling the coupled biosphere-atmosphere-climate earth system.

141 en cycle provides essential nutrients to the biosphere, but its antiquity in modern form is unclear.

142 structures are modified and degraded in the biosphere by a myriad of mostly hydrolytic enzymes.

143 The extent to which the biosphere can act as a buffer against rising atmospheric

144 pressure suggests that the life span of the biosphere can be extended at least 2.3 Ga into the futur

145 Here we investigate whether the marine biosphere can be identified as a source of Se and of oth

146 himneys, indicating that members of the rare biosphere can become dominant members of the ecosystem w

147 The terrestrial biosphere can release or absorb the greenhouse gases, ca

148 the most abundant biological entities in our biosphere, characterized by their hyperplasticity, mosai

149 und by at least ca. 20%, supporting a marine biosphere-climate link through sea ice melt and low alti

150 hort-lived and characterized by catastrophic biosphere collapse and subsequent reorganization.

151 rs ago) is known for a stable and oxygenated biosphere conducive to the radiation of animals.

152 s, and viewed to significantly contribute to biosphere cycling of methane, a potent greenhouse gas.

153 have been interpreted as evidence for a deep biosphere dating back in time through the earliest perio

154 ead to positive or negative responses in the biosphere, depending on vegetation type.

155 ce of archaeal IPLs does not rule out a deep biosphere dominated by Bacteria.

156 h the possibility of a Mo-N colimited marine biosphere during many periods of Earth's history.

157 Integrative concepts of the biosphere, ecosystem, biogeocenosis and, recently, Earth

158 s that the surface/atmospheric abundances of biosphere-essential materials will likely be variable.

159 d bode well for the persistence of microbial biospheres even on planetary bodies strongly reworked by

160 ocarbon compounds to the atmosphere from the biosphere exceed those from anthropogenic activity.

161 in air-surface processes (whether atmosphere-biosphere exchange or aerosols), as well as the extent o

162 ere we quantify the response of tropical net biosphere exchange, gross primary production, biomass bu

163 onal and global models to assess the climate-biosphere feedbacks and improve predictions of the futur

164 ng terrestrial albedo, potentially impacting biosphere feedbacks on past and future climate, and call

165 tic representation of future aerosol-climate-biosphere feedbacks.

166 mospheric inverse systems, we estimated land biosphere fluxes (natural, land-use change and fires) ba

167 ns for understanding the extremes of Earth's biosphere; for understanding the potency of disease-caus

168 would have been suited to support a martian biosphere founded on chemolithoautotrophy.

169 ing and ozone production, and influences the biosphere from ecosystem-level processes through to the

170 equences for our understanding of changes in biosphere function since the Late Pleistocene and of the

171 rigin and may be evidence that a terrestrial biosphere had emerged by 4.1 Ga, or approximately 300 My

172 ertainties, we estimate that the terrestrial biosphere has been anywhere from neutral to a net source

173 The dominance of ants in the terrestrial biosphere has few equals among animals today, but this w

174 dioxide and net carbon sequestration in the biosphere have the potential to offset recent increased

175 relative roles of the ocean and terrestrial biosphere in anthropogenic CO(2) sequestration.

176 ccount to assess the role of the subseafloor biosphere in global element and redox cycling.

177 Scientific drilling has identified a biosphere in marine sediments (1) , which contain many u

178 Viruses have impacted the biosphere in numerous ways since the dawn of life.

179 gN/yr may be accumulating in the terrestrial biosphere in pools with residence times of ten to severa

180 generate and maintain diversity in the rare biosphere in this habitat.

181 l community composition of abundant and rare biospheres in northwestern Mediterranean Sea surface wat

182 ript suggesting the presence of a "deep, hot biosphere" in the Earth's crust.

183 Human domination of the biosphere includes changes to disturbance regimes, which

184 nic energy fuels the human domination of the biosphere, including conversion of natural habitats to a

185 verse forests of the temperate region of the biosphere, including those of hardwood, conifer and mixe

186 take and storage of atmospheric CO(2) by the biosphere, influencing Earth's climate system and myriad

187 lant productivity throughout the terrestrial biosphere, influencing the patterns and magnitude of net

188 Two core boundaries-climate change and biosphere integrity-have been identified, each of which

189 However, geosphere-biosphere interactions in serpentinite-hosted subseafloo

190 ssive disturbance - a limit set by geosphere-biosphere interactions.

191 uence of anthropogenic forcing on the marine biosphere is a high priority.

192 life strategies, and that the rare archaeal biosphere is composed of a complex assortment of organis

193 The terrestrial biosphere is currently a strong carbon (C) sink but may

194 Methane produced in the biosphere is derived from two major pathways.

195 rated (15)N/(14)N of the natural terrestrial biosphere is elevated with respect to that of atmospheri

196 The subsurface biosphere is largely unexplored and contains a broad div

197 ng implies that the contemporary terrestrial biosphere is more CO2 limited than previously thought.

198 easonal pattern of uptake by the terrestrial biosphere is recorded in fluorescence and the drawdown o

199 a major pathway by which fixed carbon in the biosphere is returned to the atmosphere, yet there are l

200 The biosphere is the major source and sink of nonmethane vol

201 axa, but the uncertainty of the size of rare biosphere is yet to be experimentally determined.

202 The biosphere itself is complex and its responses to even si

203 ework to the Australian Community Atmosphere Biosphere Land Exchange (CABLE) model to help understand

204 hat are of fundamental importance across the biosphere, leading to a thorough understanding of biodiv

205 These results strongly suggest the marine biosphere maintains a previously undetected, persistent

206 hat the role of phosphonate molecules in the biosphere may be more important than is often recognized

207 that the heterocystous phylotypes are 'rare biosphere' members of the submerged mats.

208 g to implications for the sustenance of deep biosphere microbial communities and their potential role

209 nd land-use scenario, and on the terrestrial biosphere model used, highlighting the importance of imp

210 ent Simulator version 2.1 (JULES) and Simple Biosphere model version 3 (SiB3)) and a hydrodynamic ter

211 Simulations with a terrestrial biosphere model, however, suggest an average long-term O

212 exchange and that is minimally influenced by biosphere model-based first guesses of seasonal and annu

213 bon (C) flux predictions of five terrestrial biosphere models (Community Land Model version 3.5 (CLM3

214 vironmental forcings using three terrestrial biosphere models (ED2, IBIS, and JULES) forced by three

215 Terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs) are highly sensitive to model re

216 However, given that most global terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs) do not include the C cost of nut

217 resentation of photosynthesis in terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs) is essential for robust projecti

218 ts with the output of a suite of terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs), we suggest that within the curr

219 cated as important for advancing terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs), yet to date, such models have o

220 y are poorly represented in most terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs).

221 tested as a benchmark against 12 terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs).

222 either current physiological nor terrestrial biosphere models adequately describe its short-term temp

223 oot functionality in large-scale terrestrial biosphere models by improving parameterization within mo

224 ionships, the next generation of terrestrial biosphere models may need to consider how limitations in

225 testing critical assumptions in terrestrial biosphere models that are being used to project future i

226 ter-stress functions used by the terrestrial biosphere models to represent the effects of soil moistu

227 Simulations of photosynthesis by terrestrial biosphere models typically need a specification of the m

228 has underlain the development of terrestrial biosphere models used in climate prediction and of remot

229 timates have relied heavily on process-based biosphere models, despite lack of model agreement with p

230 hydraulics within terrestrial ecosystem and biosphere models, which will enhance our ability to make

231 tauE) is not well constrained in terrestrial biosphere models.

232 pects of their representation in terrestrial biosphere models.

233 und processes are represented in terrestrial biosphere models.

234 dicted by existing theory and 13 terrestrial biosphere models.

235 y linking plants and microbes in terrestrial biosphere models.

236 representation of fine roots in terrestrial biosphere models.

237 change of CO2 between the atmosphere and the biosphere (NEE), under both ambient and elevated Ca .

238 cientific ocean drilling has revealed a deep biosphere of widespread microbial life in sub-seafloor s

239 indicates that potential impacts of the deep biosphere on CO2 fate and transport should be taken into

240 es (including both the abundant and the rare biosphere) on a regional scale.

241 the dynamics of a microbial ecosystem's rare biosphere over a thousand-year time scale.

242 ort the plausible antiquity of a terrestrial biosphere populated by cyanobacteria well before the GOE

243 ogenic environmental element that enters the biosphere primarily from geochemical sources, but also t

244 ion rates, this information content suggests biosphere processing speeds exceeding yottaNOPS values (

245 nts on biosphere-atmosphere carbon exchange, biosphere productivity, and their respective responses t

246 tion and of remote sensing indices of global biosphere productivity.

247 types defined by the International Geosphere-Biosphere Program.

248 They serve as the conduit of energy into the biosphere, provide food, and shape our environment.

249 elative to the 2011 La Nina, the pantropical biosphere released 2.5 +/- 0.34 gigatons more carbon int

250 The southern pass of Fakarava atoll-a biosphere reserve in French Polynesia-hosts an average o

251 ty along an elevational gradient in the Manu Biosphere Reserve of Peru.

252 shing and within an area of 1,149 km(2) of a biosphere reserve.

253 tter how nitrogen cycling in the terrestrial biosphere responded to changes in carbon cycling.

254 tent with the goal of predicting large-scale biosphere responses to global change.

255 a major unresolved challenge for forecasting biosphere responses to global change.

256 Tropical forests contain the bulk of the biosphere's carbon.

257 ganisms are critical for every aspect of the biosphere's health.

258 l crisis may therefore permanently alter the biosphere's taxonomic composition by changing the rules

259 mography model version 2.1 (ED2), Integrated BIosphere Simulator version 2.6.4 (IBIS), Joint UK Land

260 In this study, the IBIS (Integrated BIosphere Simulator) was used to simulate the global-sca

261 gnificantly (32%) to the uncertainty in land biosphere sink change.

262 ately 35% of the increase in the global land biosphere sink.

263 (COS) as tracer of CO(2) flux into the land biosphere stimulated research on COS interactions with l

264 A detailed analysis of the rare biosphere structure showed that the rare archaeal commun

265 considered one of the most complex microbial biospheres studied to date, hosting thousands of bacteri

266 abolically active lineages found in the rare biosphere suggests that this subcommunity constitutes a

267 ice, snow cover, permafrost, and terrestrial biosphere that arise after a certain global temperature

268 human race and other living creatures of the biosphere that we share.

269 gmentary macromolecules found throughout the biosphere that, in the 1970s, were discovered to conduct

270 f crust and the survivability of an emergent biosphere, the thermal effects of this bombardment on th

271 ttention has been given to the study of deep biospheres, their role in geochemical cycles, and their

272 conserved 5' AP endonuclease families in the biosphere; they both recognize AP sites and incise the p

273 ts into the composition and evolution of the biosphere through the first 80 percent of Earth history.

274 et little is known about the capacity of the biosphere to buffer increased nitrogen influx.

275 portance for predicting the responses of the biosphere to climate change, it is as yet unknown whethe

276 diversity advances our understanding of the biosphere to conserve more biodiversity in the face of l

277 spheric haze was a transient response of the biosphere to increased nutrient availability, with metha

278 limate model with an interactive terrestrial biosphere to investigate the effects of adding deciduous

279 zenoid compounds have been reported from the biosphere to the atmosphere.

280 e largest future transfer of carbon from the biosphere to the atmosphere.

281 otected ecosystems may have allowed the deep biosphere to thrive, despite violent phases during Earth

282 and population declines threaten to push the biosphere toward a tipping point with irreversible effec

283 evidence now supports the presence of a deep biosphere ubiquitously distributed on Earth in both terr

284 es are likely to play a major role in future biosphere-vegetation feedbacks such as sun-screening und

285 The Asian land biosphere was a net sink of -0.46 (-0.70-0.24) PgC per y

286 ur results also suggest that the terrestrial biosphere was a source of CO(2) until the 1940s, subsequ

287 , while in South and Southeast Asia the land biosphere was close to carbon neutral.

288 , nearly all of the reactive nitrogen in the biosphere was generated and recycled by microorganisms.

289 thermal vents represent a deep, hot, aphotic biosphere where chemosynthetic primary producers, fuelle

290 gas and thus removes fixed nitrogen from the biosphere, whereas ammonification converts nitrate into

291 Determining whether the terrestrial biosphere will be a source or sink of carbon (C) under a

292 e, and on the other the modern 'Phanerozoic' biosphere with its extraordinary diversity of large mult

293 Mycorrhizal symbioses link the biosphere with the lithosphere by mediating nutrient cyc

294 Deep subseafloor sediments host a microbial biosphere with unknown impact on global biogeochemical c

295 equestered scCO2 , harbor a 'deep carbonated biosphere' with carbon cycling potential.

296 originating from the terrestrial and marine biosphere, with a profound effect on atmospheric chemist

297 r sustains all life on Earth, and embeds the biosphere within geochemistry.

298 Among the greatest of changes in our biosphere within the last century is rapid anthropogenic

299 dly the most abundant organic polymer in the biosphere, yet despite the fundamental role of celluloly

300 mount of reactive nitrogen (Nr) added to the biosphere, yet most of what is known about its accumulat