ライフサイエンスコーパス: biotrophic

1 enic) and pathogenic niche (necrotrophic vs. biotrophic).

2 Successive cell invasions were biotrophic, although each invaded cell appeared to have

3 The mechanisms by which biotrophic and hemi-biotrophic fungal pathogens simultan

4 n important regulator of plant resistance to biotrophic and hemi-biotrophic pathogens.

5 erged a unified model of the interactions of biotrophic and hemibiotrophic pathogens, which posits th

6 a unique combination of disease responses to biotrophic and necrotrophic fungi in that it antagonizes

7 a melanized appressorium on the cuticle and biotrophic and necrotrophic hyphae in its host.

8 s defense responses to resistance to several biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens.

9 hose infection mechanism includes sequential biotrophic and necrotrophic stages.

10 nt H433 is stopped at the switch between the biotrophic and the necrotrophic phases.

11 graminis f. sp. hordei (Bgh), is an obligate biotrophic ascomycete fungal pathogen that can grow and

12 generate an effective resistance against the biotrophic bacteria Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC30

13 accessions show increased resistance to the biotrophic bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. t

14 hic foliar pathogen Botrytis cinerea and the biotrophic bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv.

15 ontribute to their increased resistance to a biotrophic bacterial pathogen.

16 on of survival following challenge by a hemi-biotrophic bacterium and a necrotrophic fungus, as well

17 Analysis of biotrophic blast invasion will significantly contribute

18 Rice1 (SLR1) in the resistance toward (hemi)biotrophic but not necrotrophic rice pathogens.

19 In order to determine the extent of biotrophic capacity in saprotrophic wood-decay fungi and

20 find that salicylate, a hormone involved in biotrophic defense that often acts antagonistically to j

21 ng C. graminicola infection, even during the biotrophic development of the pathogen.

22 c hyphae, its rigorous downregulation during biotrophic development represents a strategy for evading

23 cretion of effector proteins at the onset of biotrophic development.

24 can contents were drastically reduced during biotrophic development.

25 The biotrophic downy mildew pathogen Hyaloperonospora arabid

26 Cereal cyst nematodes are sedentary biotrophic endoparasites that maintain a complex interac

27 eptibility of Arabidopsis to unrelated (hemi)biotrophic filamentous oomycete and fungal pathogens.

28 icular the hypothesis that much of the QR to biotrophic filamentous pathogens is basal resistance, i.

29 cript levels were highly up-regulated during biotrophic fungal growth in all infected plant tissues.

30 Powdery mildews, obligate biotrophic fungal parasites on a wide range of important

31 tant exhibits enhanced susceptibility to the biotrophic fungal pathogen Erysiphe cichoracearum but en

32 showed a normal susceptible phenotype to the biotrophic fungal pathogen Erysiphe cichoracearum.

33 phytopathogenic bacteria and to the obligate biotrophic fungal pathogen Erysiphe orontii, suggesting

34 mbia with a virulent isolate of the obligate biotrophic fungal pathogen Erysiphe orontii.

35 ple races of Colletotrichum trifolii, a hemi-biotrophic fungal pathogen that causes anthracnose disea

36 against powdery mildew disease caused by the biotrophic fungal pathogen, Oidium neolycopersici.

37 the defense response that limit growth of a biotrophic fungal pathogen, we isolated Arabidopsis muta

38 ylic acid-dependent signaling pathway to the biotrophic fungal pathogens Golovinomyces spp. that caus

39 The mechanisms by which biotrophic and hemi-biotrophic fungal pathogens simultaneously subdue plant

40 tify genes that confer nonhost resistance to biotrophic fungal pathogens, we did a forward-genetics s

41 ion with the investigated hemibiotrophic and biotrophic fungal pathogens.

42 Both necrotrophic and biotrophic fungi have larger genomes than non-pathogens,

43 he regulation of host resistance to obligate biotrophic fungi in cereals.

44 cally important diseases, caused by obligate biotrophic fungi of the Erysiphales.

45 s has resulted in purifying selection within biotrophic fungi.

46 t up to 20% of photosynthate to the obligate biotrophic fungi.

47 s highly induced by attack from the obligate biotrophic fungus Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (Bgh),

48 eractions between grapevine and the obligate biotrophic fungus Erysiphe necator are not understood in

49 ically important disease, caused by the semi-biotrophic fungus Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines, recen

50 ined growth and reproduction of the obligate biotrophic fungus Golovinomyces orontii on Arabidopsis t

51 The biotrophic fungus Sporisorium reilianum causes head smut

52 The soil borne, obligate biotrophic fungus Synchytrium endobioticum causes tumor-

53 to Golovinomyces cichoracearum, an obligate biotrophic fungus that penetrates the cell wall for succ

54 The biotrophic fungus Ustilago maydis causes smut disease in

55 defence suppression to facilitate extensive biotrophic growth in host cells before the onset of necr

56 ns did not affect appressorial function, but biotrophic growth in rice cells was attenuated.

57 ate supply by the host is dispensable during biotrophic growth of C. higginsianum, while carbon defic

58 the mesocotyl of seedlings where it arrested biotrophic growth of the endophytic S. reilianum.

59 xpressed at the transcriptional level during biotrophic growth within the host plant tomato (Solanum

60 nomically important crops that are caused by biotrophic, hemibiotrophic, and necrotrophic plant patho

61 ets of virulence factors from highly evolved biotrophic/hemibiotrophic pathogens.

62 Taken together, these data suggest that biotrophic host pathogens must either suppress or fail t

63 signalling protected Arabidopsis against two biotrophic host pathogens.

64 provides an agronomically important model of biotrophic host-pathogen interactions.

65 In all cases, specialized biotrophic hyphae function to hijack host cellular proce

66 While the shape of biotrophic hyphae was unaffected in RNAi strains, necrot

67 f GLS1 led to exposure of beta-1,3-glucan on biotrophic hyphae, massive induction of broad-spectrum d

68 th these organisms often involves an initial biotrophic infection phase, during which the pathogen sp

69 ppearance of senescence-like symptoms in the biotrophic interaction and cell death by necrosis that o

70 at suppresses Cys protease activity to allow biotrophic interaction of maize with the fungal pathogen

71 biotrophic plant pathogens first establish a biotrophic interaction with the host plant and later swi

72 acao and M. perniciosa during their peculiar biotrophic interaction.

73 system but more generally for systems where biotrophic interactions are established.

74 lset will enable researchers to easily study biotrophic interactions at the molecular level on both t

75 s a glycoprotein specifically located at the biotrophic interface formed in the Colletotrichum lindem

76 e feeding site, promoting the demise of this biotrophic interface.

77 elopment of the M. oryzae effector-secreting biotrophic interfacial complex (BIC) was misregulated in

78 identified a highly localized structure, the biotrophic interfacial complex (BIC), which accumulates

79 ates in the specialized structure called the biotrophic interfacial complex and is then translocated

80 We show that the biotrophic interfacial complex is associated with a nove

81 host cells, preferentially accumulate in the biotrophic interfacial complex, a novel plant membrane-r

82 BAS2 proteins preferentially accumulated in biotrophic interfacial complexes along with known avirul

83 anding fungal and rice genes contributing to biotrophic invasion has been difficult because so few pl

84 addition, the Mosyn8 mutant cannot elaborate biotrophic invasion of the susceptible rice host, or sec

85 Biotrophic invasive hyphae (IH) of the blast fungus Magn

86 s but their study is hampered because of the biotrophic life styles of rust fungi.

87 eflecting their redundancy in an exclusively biotrophic life-style.

88 ized barley roots coincided with an extended biotrophic lifestyle of P. indica upon silencing of PiAM

89 tations to the specific floret infection and biotrophic lifestyles.

90 ent milestones in the establishment of a new biotrophic model pathosystem: Ustilago bromivora and Bra

91 Interestingly, M. perniciosa biotrophic mycelia develop as long-term parasites that o

92 idopsis, P. indica establishes and maintains biotrophic nutrition within living epidermal cells, wher

93 Here, we demonstrate that the biotrophic oomycete Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis (Hpa)

94 acterium Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato, the biotrophic oomycete Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis, and

95 d resistance toward a virulent strain of the biotrophic oomycete pathogen Hyaloperonospora arabidopsi

96 resistance to five different isolates of the biotrophic oomycete, Peronospora parasitica (causal agen

97 HF, and other gall midges, may be considered biotrophic, or hemibiotrophic, plant pathogens, and they

98 These biotrophic organisms include the most widespread and imp

99 Ustilago hordei is a biotrophic parasite of barley (Hordeum vulgare).

100 This biotrophic parasite secretes effectors from pharyngeal g

101 Albugo candida is an obligate biotrophic parasite that consists of many physiological

102 ysiphe graminis f.sp. hordei, is an obligate biotrophic pathogen and as such cannot complete its life

103 or of basal resistance in barley against the biotrophic pathogen Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei (Bgh)

104 Ustilago maydis is a biotrophic pathogen causing maize (Zea mays) smut diseas

105 mutants displayed enhanced resistance to the biotrophic pathogen Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis (Hpa)

106 bal framework of host gene expression during biotrophic pathogen invasion, we analyzed in parallel th

107 wild-type plants to virulent strains of the biotrophic pathogen Peronospora parasitica and the bacte

108 previously shown to confer resistance to the biotrophic pathogen Pseudomonas syringae.

109 on of how plants can mount defence against a biotrophic pathogen without becoming vulnerable to necro

110 The biotrophic pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo)

111 compatible interaction between a plant and a biotrophic pathogen.

112 ssion occurs upon infection by this obligate biotrophic pathogen.

113 of many pathogens, the coevolution of (hemi)biotrophic pathogens and their hosts has generated patho

114 While plant interactions with biotrophic pathogens are frequently controlled by the ac

115 Powdery mildews and other obligate biotrophic pathogens are highly adapted to their hosts a

116 Necrotrophic and biotrophic pathogens are resisted by different plant def

117 to jasmonic acid (JA)-dependent resistance, biotrophic pathogens are resisted by salicylic acid (SA)

118 necrotrophs and comparison with responses to biotrophic pathogens are summarized, highlighting common

119 Studies of biotrophic pathogens have shown that they actively suppr

120 Comparative genomics of the first sequenced biotrophic pathogens highlight remarkable convergences,

121 e genes and were more resistant to the (hemi)biotrophic pathogens Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis and

122 The principal immune mechanism against biotrophic pathogens in plants is the resistance (R)-gen

123 Plant defense against biotrophic pathogens is associated with programmed cell

124 een suggested that effective defense against biotrophic pathogens is largely due to programmed cell d

125 In the case of the biotrophic pathogens Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato and

126 SA induces defense against biotrophic pathogens that feed and reproduce on live hos

127 ated silencing of corresponding genes inside biotrophic pathogens, a technique termed host-induced ge

128 (PCD), as a major defence mechanism against biotrophic pathogens, because ETI-associated PCD could l

129 h is the major plant defense hormone against biotrophic pathogens, inhibited HDAC activity and increa

130 TP1 negatively regulates plant resistance to biotrophic pathogens, possibly by regulating ROS product

131 contrast to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and biotrophic pathogens, promotes mutualism by blocking JA

132 en the biotrophic phase of hemibiotrophs and biotrophic pathogens, the two lifestyles are not analogo

133 SA), a hormone essential for defense against biotrophic pathogens, triggers increased susceptibility

134 which is important in plant defense against biotrophic pathogens.

135 r of plant resistance to biotrophic and hemi-biotrophic pathogens.

136 a means to strengthen plant immunity against biotrophic pathogens.

137 es and marks contrasting immune responses to biotrophic pathogens.

138 ease resistance to avirulent isolates of the biotrophic Peronospora parasitica pathogen, but only phx

139 t surface, the fungus establishes an initial biotrophic phase in the penetrated epidermis cell, befor

140 hat while there are similarities between the biotrophic phase of hemibiotrophs and biotrophic pathoge

141 tially to prevent host cell death during the biotrophic phase of infection.

142 r required by the wild type during the early biotrophic phase of infection.

143 ey do not suppress plant defenses during the biotrophic phase, indicating that while there are simila

144 t suppresses SA-regulated defense during its biotrophic phase.

145 defenses are critical strategies employed by biotrophic phytopathogens and hemibiotrophs whose infect

146 Like other biotrophic plant pathogens, plant-parasitic nematodes se

147 lant salt and water balance and responses to biotrophic plant pathogens.

148 n that highlights the complexity of obligate biotrophic plant-pathogen interactions, like those of cy

149 ur understanding of the development of (hemi)biotrophic plant-pathogen interactions.

150 nst infection by otherwise virulent obligate biotrophic powdery mildew fungi such as Golovinomyces or

151 ce locus A12-mediated resistance against the biotrophic powdery mildew fungus (Blumeria graminis f.sp

152 ys enhanced disease resistance (edr2) to the biotrophic powdery mildew pathogen Erysiphe cichoracearu

153 is cinerea and an increased tolerance to the biotrophic Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000 bacteri

154 Here we show that infection with biotrophic Pseudomonas syringae, which induces SA-mediat

155 athway and plant tolerance to infection with biotrophic Pst DC3000.

156 e mechanisms used by a pathogen to sustain a biotrophic relationship with a plant.

157 a indicate that the capacity for facultative biotrophic relationships in free-living saprotrophic bas

158 hibit the capacity to enter into facultative biotrophic relationships with plant roots without causin

159 Poplar trees that were inoculated with the biotrophic rust fungus (Melampsora larici-populina) accu

160 y activated by both necrotrophic (ET/JA) and biotrophic (SA) pathogens supporting that S. sclerotioru

161 The biotrophic smut fungus Ustilago maydis infects all aeria

162 trophically early during infection, but this biotrophic stage is followed by a pronounced switch to c

163 o other hemibiotrophic interactions, the WBD biotrophic stage lasts for months and is responsible for

164 d how plants inhibit the transition from the biotrophic stage to the necrotrophic stage in disease sy

165 nt apoplast during an unusually long-lasting biotrophic stage.

166 n the host, which signals the end of the WBD biotrophic stage.

167 rocess and continue to accumulate during the biotrophic stage.

168 his pathway showed high up-regulation during biotrophic stages and down-regulation during necrotrophy

169 tant role in the establishment of an initial biotrophic state with the plant, which allows subsequent

170 LR-EER motifs, is secreted from P. infestans biotrophic structures called haustoria, demonstrating th