ライフサイエンスコーパス: bipolar

1 in unipolar recordings and from 0% to 62% in bipolar.

2 e postmortem human dorsal striatum comparing bipolar (18) and control (17) subjects.

3 Bipolar affective disorder is a common neuropsychiatric

4 Lithium is a first-line therapy for bipolar affective disorder.

5 ctive disorder (N=26 380), of which 1928 had bipolar affective disorder.

6 of interneurons that form microcircuits with bipolar, amacrine and ganglion cells to process visual i

7 MAT, confined to putative scar border zones (bipolar amplitude, 0.5-1.5 mV).

8 nal and noise from its presynaptic arrays of bipolar and amacrine cells less efficiently than the OFF

9 KEY POINTS: Bipolar and amacrine cells presynaptic to the ON sustain

10 rine cells modulate the excitatory signal of bipolar and ganglion cells.

11 NRG3 class I was increased in bipolar and major depressive disorder, consistent with o

12 ng with more modest evidence of overlap with bipolar and major depressive disorder.

13 vity of ReS2x Se2(1-x) alloys from n-type to bipolar and p-type is realized.

14 d independently in cones and combined at the bipolar and retinal ganglion cell level, creating parall

15 ant difference in striatal Kicer between the bipolar and schizophrenia groups.

16 tential attenuation were evaluated using the bipolar and tri-polar electrodes with different radius.

17 n concentric ring electrodes (bipolar, quasi-bipolar and tri-polar).

18 Four ablations, two bipolar and two monopolar (control probe), were made in

19 Combined bipolar and unipolar voltage mapping using optimal thres

20 as they flow through retinal photoreceptor, bipolar, and ganglion cells.

21 heterogeneous representation of multipolar, bipolar, and unipolar interneurons.

22 h and low serum testosterone concentrations (bipolar androgen therapy [BAT]) in this setting might in

23 antly delays the establishment of chromosome bipolar attachment after the disruption of kinetochore-m

24 umably due to the combination of compromised bipolar attachment and premature spindle assembly checkp

25 entire applied frequency range and the wide bipolar bias regions using Debye-Frohlich model (combine

26 ers, as well as mTOR signaling from the male bipolar biomarkers.

27 A bipolar (BP) nanosecond electric pulse (nsEP) exposure g

28 mating probability at an early stage and the bipolar budding pattern improves colony development unde

29 e night-vision pathway, independent from OFF bipolar cell activity.

30 iven glutamate release from more than 13,000 bipolar cell axon terminals in the intact retina, we sho

31 , which stimulate the GABAC receptors at rod bipolar cell axons.

32 r mGluR6 is disrupted, and the post-synaptic bipolar cell components mGluR6 and GPR179 become dissoci

33 amine D1 receptors located on ON-center cone bipolar cell dendrites increases the expression and acti

34 terminals in the intact retina, we show that bipolar cell functional diversity is generated by the in

35 Different types of bipolar cell split the photoreceptor input into parallel

36 ving electrical synapses to modulate ON cone bipolar cell terminals and sign-inverting chemical (glyc

37 where glutamate is released from ON and OFF bipolar cell terminals in separate inner (ON) and outer

38 Mouse bipolar cell types have been described at great anatomic

39 that does not require iGluRs: cone-->ON cone bipolar cell-->AII amacrine cell-->RGC.

40 Bipolar cell-related dystrophies were associated with th

41 drive from classical photoreceptors through bipolar-cell input.

42 ation to multiple differentiation events for bipolar cells (BCs) in the zebrafish retina using in viv

43 Cone bipolar cells are interneurons that receive synaptic inp

44 tal cells, while NFIA identifies a subset of bipolar cells as well as Muller glia and astrocytes.

45 ve selective UV-opsin drive from Type 9 cone bipolar cells but also mixed cone signals from bipolar T

46 of vision, which consists of sensitizing rod bipolar cells by a sustained GABAergic input originating

47 eceptors form selective contacts with rod ON-bipolar cells by aligning the presynaptic voltage-gated

48 During recovery, rod and cone bipolar cells exhibit markedly different responses to de

49 Nalpha-RGCs adjusted connectivity with other bipolar cells in a cell-type-specific manner.

50 Here, we report that OFF-type retinal bipolar cells in mice are an exception to this rule, as

51 r this question we visualized individual rod bipolar cells in mouse retina during postnatal developme

52 We show that deafferented bipolar cells in the adult mammalian retina can reconnec

53 vidence suggests that glutamate release from bipolar cells is not directional, and directional excita

54 These findings support the idea that bipolar cells might be able to synapse with reintroduced

55 chestrated by a diverse set of glutamatergic bipolar cells that drive DSGCs directly, as well as indi

56 Using electrical recording of bipolar cells under experimental conditions in which the

57 cells were in the centre, photoreceptors and bipolar cells were next most central and amacrine cells

58 n retinal neurons, including photoreceptors, bipolar cells, amacrine cells and ganglion cells, but th

59 in the adult retina, interneurons, including bipolar cells, exhibit a plastic response leading to the

60 In cone photoreceptors, similar to bipolar cells, fusion of the initial ribbon-associated s

61 ntibodies specific for cones photoreceptors, bipolar cells, mitochondria, Muller cells, and retinal p

62 Cell targets were ganglion cells, bipolar cells, Muller cells, and photoreceptors.

63 ght sensitivity and operational range of rod bipolar cells, the retinal neurons operating immediately

64 multiple rods is pooled into individual rod bipolar cells.

65 esting that they receive synaptic input from bipolar cells.

66 s, primarily conferring light sensitivity to bipolar cells.

67 , and the b-wave is the depolarization of ON-bipolar cells.

68 dritic tips and transduction proteins in rod bipolar cells.

69 KEY POINTS: The evoked cardiac response to bipolar cervical vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) reflects

70 cetamide (HMBA) belongs to a class of hybrid bipolar compounds developed more than 30 y ago for their

71 reads, dendritic tree morphologies, and cone-bipolar connectivity patterns were restored in regenerat

72 metric tides might have driven the patients' bipolar cycles, by periodically entraining the circadian

73 dimensions and factor structure of mania and bipolar depression and (2) longitudinal studies reportin

74 In bipolar depression imaging studies show increased dopami

75 cing a major depressive episode (unipolar or bipolar depression) of at least 2 years' duration or had

76 efficacy of midday bright light therapy for bipolar depression.

77 ts, who were diagnosed as having unipolar or bipolar depressive episodes defined as moderate or sever

78 Using bipolar depth recordings, we report here a sequence wher

79 he size or shape of ablations created by the bipolar device at the different flow rates (P > .05 for

80 our knowledge, this is the first time that a bipolar device is able to record two spectroelectrochemi

81 ctivity has been linked to schizophrenia and bipolar disease in humans.

82 as observed among adolescents with past-year bipolar disorder (94.2 [1.69]; P = .004), attention-defi

83 volumes and specific mood disorders, such as bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD

84 Schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BD) and recurrent major depressive dis

85 ics in psychiatric disorders, including both bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia.

86 e degree to which major depression (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) are associated with common and/or

87 Bipolar disorder (BD) is a common, complex and heritable

88 Bipolar disorder (BD) is a highly heritable and heteroge

89 Bipolar disorder (BD) is a leading cause of global disab

90 Bipolar disorder (BD) is a progressive psychiatric disor

91 Bipolar disorder (BD) is characterized by a dysregulatio

92 decades of research, the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD) is still not well understood.

93 -cortical circuits in schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD).

94 zophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder and bipolar disorder (BD).

95 somatostatin (SST) in schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD).

96 lockDelta19) are used as an animal model for bipolar disorder (BD).

97 ng studies compare individuals affected with bipolar disorder (BP), at high familial risk of BP, and

98 have reported hundreds of genes connected to bipolar disorder (BP).

99 on-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and bipolar disorder (BPD) are frequently co-occurring and h

100 s old, and individuals diagnosed with either bipolar disorder (N=34) or major depressive disorder (N=

101 95% CI, 0.30-0.88) and for individuals with bipolar disorder (RR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.17-0.69) and schiz

102 Lithium is widely used as a treatment for Bipolar Disorder although the molecular mechanisms that

103 6039769, that is associated with early-onset bipolar disorder and a higher gene expression level in h

104 hanism both in schizophrenia and early-onset bipolar disorder and confirm the shared genetic vulnerab

105 ther activation is statistically abnormal in bipolar disorder and demonstrably distinct from mood, an

106 pitulates some of the core features of human bipolar disorder and indicates that cortical microcircui

107 s a potential developmental role for NRG3 in bipolar disorder and major depression.

108 subjects with SZ, but rare in subjects with bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder.

109 ational Classification of Diseases codes for bipolar disorder and schizophrenia spectrum disorders.

110 apacity as a potential novel drug target for bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.

111 crease the vulnerability to both early-onset bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMEN

112 sociated dysconnectivity in individuals with bipolar disorder and their first-degree relatives.

113 orders.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Depression and bipolar disorder are the most common mood disorders.

114 em brains of patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder by conducting a meta-analysis of existi

115 ing euthymia and depression in patients with bipolar disorder compared with healthy controls and othe

116 ment of daytime activity in individuals with bipolar disorder compared with other clinical or healthy

117 he brains of patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder exhibit decreased brain pH relative to

118 GPRS-bipolar disorder explained 0.6% (p = 2.97e(-05)) of MDD

119 Bipolar disorder has a unique U-shaped association with

120 regarding lithium's antisuicidal effect for bipolar disorder have been limited due to nonrepresentat

121 Patients with bipolar disorder have recurrent major depression, residu

122 or either major depressive disorder (MDD) or bipolar disorder I/II and who were currently experiencin

123 n of activation as a criterion A symptom for bipolar disorder in DSM-5.

124 Bipolar disorder is a heritable disorder characterized b

125 Bipolar disorder is associated with high risk for suicid

126 Rapid cycling (RC) bipolar disorder is considered as a severe course of bip

127 stabilizers, careful assessment to rule out bipolar disorder is indicated before initiating monother

128 der, but it is unclear whether rapid cycling bipolar disorder is linked to highly altered membrane ph

129 ychosis, and half the cases of conversion to bipolar disorder occurred within 4.4 years.

130 d until first occurrence of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder or until death, emigration, or August 2

131 s with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder and bipolar disorder showed similar abnormalities.

132 e highly recurrent and progressive course of bipolar disorder sometimes even in the face of conventio

133 Systematic Treatment Enhancement Program for Bipolar Disorder study, the authors analyzed point preva

134 enetically more similar to schizophrenia and bipolar disorder than adult-onset MDD.

135 sphocholine plus phosphocholine (GPC+PC)) in bipolar disorder using in vivo proton magnetic resonance

136 Bipolar disorder was associated with high (HR, 1.21; 95%

137 rs found that trait-related vulnerability to bipolar disorder was associated with reduced resting-sta

138 enriched for antipsychotics, while those for bipolar disorder were enriched for both antipsychotics a

139 with a history of psychosis or rapid-cycling bipolar disorder were excluded.

140 national registers, 51,535 individuals with bipolar disorder were followed from 2005 to 2013 for tre

141 METHOD: The study had 26 participants with bipolar disorder who had a prior suicide attempt (the at

142 es, the authors identified 2,307 adults with bipolar disorder who initiated therapy with methylphenid

143 treatment-emergent mania among patients with bipolar disorder who were concomitantly receiving a mood

144 Clinicians treating older patients with bipolar disorder with mood stabilizers need evidence fro

145 r dopamine synthesis capacity is elevated in bipolar disorder with psychosis and how this compares wi

146 ectly examined in individuals diagnosed with bipolar disorder with psychosis.

147 thium should be considered for patients with bipolar disorder with suspected suicidal intentions, alt

148 he attempter group) and 42 participants with bipolar disorder without a suicide attempt (the nonattem

149 h a schizophrenia spectrum disorder, 26 with bipolar disorder) and 50 age-matched healthy control sub

150 re mental illness (schizophrenia spectrum or bipolar disorder) with 574 018 patient episodes between

151 onal MRI data acquired from 78 patients with bipolar disorder, 64 unaffected siblings, and 41 healthy

152 on studies have implicated the ANK3 locus in bipolar disorder, a major human psychotic illness.

153 n patients with major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder, abnormalities in excitatory and/or inh

154 ommonly comorbid disorders of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, Alzheimer's disease, and coronary arte

155 l 4,360 participants met DSM-IV criteria for bipolar disorder, and 310 met DSM-IV criteria for a mani

156 hiatric conditions, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity di

157 chiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and autism spectrum disorder.

158 NRG3 class II was increased in bipolar disorder, and class III was increased in major d

159 unced in schizophrenia (SZ), intermediate in bipolar disorder, and least in major depressive disorder

160 ed comparison subjects and subjects with SZ, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder, and the

161 ritability with extraversion, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder.

162 Genomic profile risk scores (GPRSs) for MDD, bipolar disorder, and SCZ were based on meta-analysis re

163 , including major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, and schizophrenia.

164 , with a focus on depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, autism, anxiety and attention deficit/

165 disorder is considered as a severe course of bipolar disorder, but it is unclear whether rapid cyclin

166 henotype including behavior changes modeling bipolar disorder, epilepsy and sudden death.

167 havioral disorders, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, epilepsy, autism, Alzheimer's disease,

168 ts that predispose to schizophrenia, autism, bipolar disorder, major depression and attention deficit

169 o, childhood cognitive ability, neuroticism, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder and schizoph

170 o, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, neuroticism

171 tic groups (major depressive disorder, N=32; bipolar disorder, N=50; schizophrenia, N=51; psychosis r

172 of schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder, or other psychotic illness according t

173 iagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder, or schizoaffective disorder.

174 Inpatient diagnoses of bipolar disorder, schizoaffective disorder, schizophreni

175 k of severe mental illness in offspring (eg, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia).

176 isorder, addiction, social anxiety disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and attention-deficit/h

177 Bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, autism and intellectual

178 wever, for adults with psychotic disorder or bipolar disorder, the additional costs of involuntary co

179 In 17 patients with rapid cycling bipolar disorder, time-series analyses detected synchron

180 of the clinical phenomenon of activation in bipolar disorder, to determine whether activation is sta

181 hiatric conditions, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, Tourette's syndrome, dementia, alcohol

182 k in patients with schizophrenia spectrum or bipolar disorder, we describe the derivation of a score

183 as been much less investigation of mGluR5 in bipolar disorder, yet initial studies indicate that mGlu

184 has multiple alternative first exons, and a bipolar disorder-associated ANK3 variant has been shown

185 One bipolar disorder-associated rare variant (M2145T) in TGE

186 ne, which codes for the Cav1.3 protein, with bipolar disorder.

187 1 patients with major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder.

188 of the sensorimotor network in patients with bipolar disorder.

189 ) and between openness and schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.

190 -52.3) converting to either schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.

191 stance-induced psychosis to schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.

192 nset in unaffected siblings of patients with bipolar disorder.

193 s the public health impact for patients with bipolar disorder.

194 ted in schizophrenia, Tourette syndrome, and bipolar disorder.

195 ood-stabilizing medication, in patients with bipolar disorder.

196 nd depression episodes that is a hallmark of bipolar disorder.

197 in the membrane phospholipids metabolism in bipolar disorder.

198 of a high polygenic risk of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.

199 eater genetic overlap with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.

200 ular imaging studies of dopamine function in bipolar disorder.

201 risk of converting to both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.

202 erlying pathophysiology of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.

203 NF804A) is associated with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.

204 1 men included in the cohort, 4310 developed bipolar disorder; 784, schizoaffective disorder; 4823, s

205 tive lack of habituation among patients with bipolar disorders compared with others.

206 Although the importance of activation in bipolar disorders has been acknowledged for more than a

207 Bipolar disorders yielded the lowest dissociation scores

208 For reentrant AT, within the CI, bipolar EGM amplitude (0.08+/-0.11 mV) and conduction ve

209 Bipolar EGM of CI regions were analyzed for amplitude, d

210 Bipole orientation has significant impact on bipolar EGM voltages obtained during SR and AF.

211 Horizontal and vertical orientation bipolar EGMs, followed by omnipolar EGMs, were obtained

212 Bipolar electrochemistry is receiving growing attention

213 rations of redox species to the solution via bipolar electrochemistry.

214 Pt nanoparticle electrodes and their use in bipolar electrochemistry.

215 The noise of bipolar electrogram (EGM) was systematically measured at

216 ata types (action potentials and unipolar or bipolar electrograms) and rotor stability on resolution

217 Its neurons have bipolar extension of dendrites, which receive segregated

218 suppress Rho activation, nonmuscle myosin II bipolar filament assembly, and actin retrograde flow at

219 nlike class-II myosins, which generally form bipolar filamentous structures, Myo2 showed no inclinati

220 ose structures and assembled into functional bipolar filaments have remained elusive.

221 ecules display defects in forming functional bipolar filaments.

222 Kicer was significantly elevated in both the bipolar group (mean [SD], 13.18 [1.08] x 10-3 min-1; P =

223 y map individual GCs to underlying amacrine, bipolar, horizontal, photoreceptor, and retinal pigment

224 mpared with 4.0% of the asenapine group) and bipolar I disorder (6.3% compared with 1.6%) in the doub

225 ction was especially severe in patients with bipolar I disorder (BD-I).

226 nance spectroscopy ((1)H MRS), especially in bipolar I disorder (BD-I).

227 to cortical disconnectivity in patients with bipolar I disorder (diffusion-weighted magnetic resonanc

228 ded individuals with schizophrenia (n = 36), bipolar I disorder (n = 29), and healthy controls (n = 3

229 ing recurrence of mood events in adults with bipolar I disorder and was generally well-tolerated.

230 The GM-NDI of patients with bipolar I disorder did not differ significantly from eit

231 atients and outpatients age 60 or older with bipolar I disorder who presented with a manic, hypomanic

232 ecurrence of any mood episode in adults with bipolar I disorder.

233 ed patients with acute mania associated with bipolar I disorder.

234 ophrenia and to some extent among those with bipolar I disorder.

235 analysis included offspring of parents with bipolar I or II (aged 6-17 years) who had not yet develo

236 OD: The study enrolled depressed adults with bipolar I or II disorder who were receiving stable dosag

237 site comparison study, 142 participants with bipolar II depression were randomly assigned to receive

238 comes) with three acute-phase treatments for bipolar II depression.

239 reatment response rates in participants with bipolar II depression.

240 that predisposes people to schizophrenia or bipolar illness is genetic risk.

241 disorders and schizophrenia, and weakest in bipolar illness.

242 path to new therapies for schizophrenia and bipolar illness.

243 ducer is compared with the recently proposed bipolar junction transistor (BJT) transducer.

244 Bipolar junction transistors are at the frontiers of mod

245 humans with BD, reverses the majority of the bipolar-like traits and most of the neurobiological abno

246 provide a novel approach to the treatment of bipolar mania.

247 n axial manner, while diploid cells bud in a bipolar manner.

248 apply laser desorption/ionization (LDI) in a bipolar mass spectrometer, revealing elemental constitue

249 , while pathogenic Cryptococcus species have bipolar mating systems with a single large mating type (

250 contraction, NMII molecules polymerize into bipolar minifilaments.

251 The formation of a bipolar mitotic spindle is an essential process for the

252 Proper assembly and orientation of the bipolar mitotic spindle is critical to the fidelity of c

253 urs through head-to-tail interactions of the bipolar monomers.

254 at the tip of a quartz nanopipette forming a bipolar nanoelectrode.

255 of the nanopore with Pt metal forms a closed bipolar nanoparticle electrode whose size and shape can

256 s inner retinal neurons, regenerated retinal bipolar neurons (BPs), although reduced in numbers, reco

257 piral ganglion neurons (SGNs) are specialzed bipolar neurons in the inner ear.

258 No structural changes were observed in MeA bipolar neurons, BLA stellate neurons or in lateral amyg

259 state films containing Ru(bpy)3, emission is bipolar, occurs in vacuum, has rapid rise time (<5 ms),

260 stance-induced psychosis converted to either bipolar or schizophrenia-spectrum disorders.

261 ients with various disorders (schizophrenia, bipolar or unipolar depression, anxiety disorders, and s

262 Significantly, bipolar, or wireless, electrochemiluminescence can be ge

263 nctioning, age at mood disorder onset in the bipolar parent, and age at each visit, predicted new-ons

264 ania following methylphenidate initiation in bipolar patients not taking mood stabilizers, careful as

265 logies, it is increasingly apparent that the bipolar phenotype is more complex and nuanced than simpl

266 s place following the formation of elongated bipolar phragmoplast MT arrays in the mutant.

267 plane by transport along microtubules of the bipolar phragmoplast network that guides plate assembly

268 ontotemporal and parietal regions; psychotic bipolar probands had small reductions, primarily in fron

269 evious work has identified the presence of a bipolar prodrome, the predictive implications for the in

270 were 23.6 (3.6) years in 22 individuals with bipolar psychosis (13 male), 26.3 (4.4) years in 16 indi

271 dividuals participated in the study (22 with bipolar psychosis [18 antipsychotic naive or free], 16 w

272 pes of Laplacian concentric ring electrodes (bipolar, quasi-bipolar and tri-polar).

273 t collagen (unipolar r=-0.36+/-0.24, P=0.13; bipolar r=-0.43+/-0.31, P=0.16).

274 with IMAT (unipolar r=-0.48+/-0.12, P<0.001; bipolar r=-0.45+/-0.22, P=0.04) but not collagen (unipol

275 the size and shape of ablations created by a bipolar radiofrequency (RF) ablation device.

276 thin a single repetition time (TR) using two bipolar read-out trains.

277 orme, the T4P systems are arrayed in static, bipolar rings in each cell.

278 dicted the presence and extent of epicardial bipolar scar (P<0.001).

279 5 patients with psychotic disorders from the Bipolar-Schizophrenia Network on Intermediate Phenotypes

280 orth Atlantic and Antarctic Deep Water (the 'bipolar seesaw').

281 red in response to boreal insolation and the bipolar seesaw, whereas tropical SSTs were slightly cool

282 ts suggest a mechanism for how Kif15 rescues bipolar spindle assembly.

283 o separate centrosomes, thus ensuring robust bipolar spindle assembly.

284 icates during the cell cycle and assembles a bipolar spindle during mitosis to capture and segregate

285 Kif15-dependent bipolar spindle formation in vivo requires the C-termina

286 and Cls1 activity are sufficient for initial bipolar spindle formation.

287 Establishing the bipolar spindle in mammalian oocytes after their prolong

288 spindle pole separation and the assembly of bipolar spindle in the absence of molecular motors.

289 ding modules are required to rescue focused, bipolar spindle organization.

290 osomes clustered into two poles whose pseudo-bipolar spindles exhibit reduced fidelity of chromosome

291 its ability to cluster centrosomes and form bipolar spindles, but it is not required for division in

292 Thus ANK3's important association with human bipolar susceptibility may arise from imbalance between

293 Bipolar switching mode did not involve the chemical bond

294 , we observe the commonly reported elongated bipolar tactoids.

295 or fractionation, compared with contemporary bipolar techniques.

296 ell bipolar terminals; these ON and OFF cone bipolar terminals then drive the output neurons, retinal

297 cinergic) synapses to modulate OFF cone cell bipolar terminals; these ON and OFF cone bipolar termina

298 polar cells but also mixed cone signals from bipolar Types 6, 7, and 8.

299 on valence values spanning the dimension of bipolar valence (positive to negative) at a consistent l

300 Bipolar voltage mapping demonstrated larger epicardial t