ライフサイエンスコーパス: birth cohort

1 ) testing for persons born during 1945-1965 (birth cohort).

2 842 children enrolled in the Danish National Birth Cohort.

3 infant pairs were included in a longitudinal birth cohort.

4 mmation, body-size or lifestyle in a British birth cohort.

5 s were enrolled in the CHAMACOS longitudinal birth cohort.

6 106 term-born control subjects from the same birth cohort.

7 a well-characterized atopic disease-specific birth cohort.

8 up of 28 children enrolled in the COPSAC2010 birth cohort.

9 ed in the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort.

10 Parents and Children (ALSPAC), a prospective birth cohort.

11 d schizophrenia in offspring from a national birth cohort.

12 Prospective Study on Asthma in Childhood2000 birth cohort.

13 e Studies on Asthma in Childhood2000 at-risk birth cohort.

14 t (95% CI: 41.7 million, 92.6 million y) per birth cohort.

15 uded 5,059 mother-infant pairs in the Boston Birth Cohort.

16 dies on Asthma in Childhood2010 (COPSAC2010) birth cohort.

17 amilies (2203 children) from the Gemini twin birth cohort.

18 weight in the multi-ethnic Born in Bradford birth cohort.

19 nd specific periods of pregnancy: the Boston Birth Cohort.

20 on longitudinal data from a population-based birth cohort.

21 ospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood2010 birth cohort.

22 he first 18 months of life in a large Danish birth cohort.

23 available for 1608 participants of the PIAMA birth cohort.

24 ,500 subjects (aged 14-18 years) from a twin birth cohort.

25 ngenital cardiac causes for each state-month birth cohort.

26 ngleton child dyads from the Danish National Birth Cohort.

27 ith neurodevelopment outcomes in the ELEMENT birth cohort.

28 at ages 24 and 31 years in the Pelotas 1982 birth cohort.

29 w birth weight (<1,500 g) in the more recent birth cohort.

30 ies on Asthma in Childhood2000 (COPSAC2000 ) birth cohort.

31 of PTB; 1,035 of term birth) from the Boston Birth Cohort.

32 ification) were characterized in a high-risk birth cohort.

33 ders at the age of 6.5 years in an Ethiopian birth cohort.

34 Dementia incidence decreased in successive birth cohorts.

35 cal cancer for unscreened women in different birth cohorts.

36 I across adulthood in three national British birth cohorts.

37 ion and Incidence of Asthma and Mite Allergy birth cohorts.

38 ates began to decrease with the 1960 to 1969 birth cohorts.

39 s in consortia studies that include multiple birth cohorts.

40 5% CI, 0.58-0.68) at all ages in all year-of-birth cohorts.

41 evelopment at 24 months: an analysis of four birth cohorts.

42 ic score and its associated phenotype-across birth cohorts.

43 GRS-BMI with BMI were larger for more recent birth cohorts.

44 Z=-3.3, P=0.001) was observed in the Lothian Birth Cohorts.

45 he CHAMACOS, HOME, Columbia, and Mount Sinai birth cohorts.

46 om the British 1946, 1958, and 1970 national birth cohorts.

47 sed dementia incidence rates for more recent birth cohorts.

48 (4 September 2006 to 3 September 2014) in 10 birth cohorts.

49 s before 1920, 3.11 in the 1920 through 1924 birth cohorts, 1.73 in the 1925 through 1929 birth cohor

50 case-control design nested within a Finnish birth cohort, 146 asthma cases were matched to 270 contr

51 sample (N=2001), then tested in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 (N=669), to determine relationships wi

52 y-dwelling healthy subjects from the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 at the age of 71-74 years who had unde

53 Health Study (GS:SFHS) (n=9863), the Lothian Birth Cohorts 1936 and 1921 (n=1522), and the Brisbane A

54 ear-old participants of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (n = 4,952-5,205, varying by exposure-

55 on 5,096 participants from Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 at age 31 years (1997).

56 4,721 individuals from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966.

57 this 7-year cross-sectional study (covering birth cohorts 1988-1995), we sampled approximately 1000

58 nal diabetes mellitus in the Danish National Birth Cohort (1996-2002).

59 77,330 women included in the Danish National Birth Cohort (1996-2002).

60 from Hong Kong's (Chinese) Children of 1997 birth cohort (1997-2016), using twin status as an instru

61 Of children from the Danish National Birth Cohort, 52,950 were included.

62 rnal exposure to PM2.5 and IUI in the Boston Birth Cohort, a predominantly urban low-income minority

63 ation without diabetes in two consecutive US birth cohorts aged 50-70 years.

64 The prospective birth cohort ALADDIN included 330 children from anthropo

65 In this birth cohort analysis of all-cause dementia incidence in

66 amples (n = 298; aged 1-11 months) from a US birth cohort and 16S rRNA sequencing, neonates (median a

67 risk of ROP among infants in an unrestricted birth cohort and a restricted subcohort of preterm, very

68 The follow-up of the EuroPrevall/iFAAM birth cohort and other iFAAM work packages applied these

69 women co-enrolled in the Harvard Epigenetic Birth Cohort and the Predictors of Preeclampsia Study.

70 t of unprocessed cow's milk consumption in a birth cohort and to determine whether the differences in

71 ination records we ascertained prevalence by birth cohort and vaccination status.

72 lergy: Study in Rural Environments (PASTURE) birth cohorts and compared with classical nondisjunctive

73 risk of atopic dermatitis in two independent birth cohorts and in a dose-dependent manner.

74 ity has declined between the 1950s and 1970s birth cohorts and the 2000--2002 birth cohort, despite a

75 birth cohorts, 1.73 in the 1925 through 1929 birth cohorts, and 0.23 in cohorts born after 1929.

76 Birth cohorts are an ideal design to answer this questio

77 Further large multigenerational birth cohorts are needed to establish the clinical relev

78 Using birth cohort as an indicator for exposure to obesogenic

79 s to asthma-associated exposures in clinical birth cohorts, as well as in cell models of GEIs, to dis

80 Urban Environment and Childhood Asthma) is a birth cohort at high risk for asthma (n = 560) in four i

81 ion (95% CI: $100.9 billion, $262.6 billion)/birth cohort at nominal exchange rates, and $616.5 billi

82 Longitudinal study of a representative birth cohort at the Trondheim Early Secure Study, Trondh

83 tudied in participants from a United Kingdom birth cohort (Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Chi

84 or 940 children from the prospective Swedish birth cohort BAMSE (Children, Allergy, Milieu, Stockholm

85 A total of 2359 children from the Swedish birth cohort BAMSE were included.

86 From the Swedish population-based birth cohort BAMSE, 2607 children were included.

87 tion was sought in an independent unselected birth cohort (BAMSE) constituting 3051 children with spe

88 gic outcomes from 3798 children in a Swedish birth cohort (BAMSE).

89 Birth cohort-based testing would augment identification

90 However, few studies estimate the effect of birth cohort (BC) testing implementation on HCV diagnose

91 ing and costs among persons of the 1945-1965 birth cohort (BC).

92 Incidence per 100 person-years was 5.09 in birth cohorts before 1920, 3.11 in the 1920 through 1924

93 The relative rate for birth cohorts before July 1929 vs after was 0.13 (95% CI

94 In a Swedish birth cohort between 1973 and 1985 of 1,143,470 individu

95 Birth cohorts between 1985 and 1994 all experienced sign

96 cipating in the Multicentre Allergy Study, a birth cohort born in 1990.

97 ed Kingdom) (1991-2011) and the 1993 Pelotas Birth Cohort (Brazil) (1993-2011) were used.

98 Data from the 1982 Pelotas Birth Cohort (Brazil) were used.

99 al associations were observed in the Pelotas Birth Cohort but were generally in the opposite directio

100 valence of smoking decreased across the five birth cohorts, but associations of smoking with drug and

101 mite and cat did not differ between year-of-birth cohorts, but sensitization to grass was most preva

102 Prospective Study on Asthma in Childhood2000 birth cohort by using both skin prick test responses and

103 We conducted a pooled analysis of four birth cohorts (children's centers; n = 936) to evaluate

104 population-representative Hong Kong Chinese birth cohort, "Children of 1997," to examine the adjuste

105 the Infant Immune Study (IIS), an unselected birth cohort closely monitored for asthma for a decade.

106 A population-based birth cohort, consisting of all singletons born in Swede

107 llergy Study in Rural Environments (PASTURE) birth cohort (cord blood [n = 836], 1 year [n = 734], 4.

108 allergen-specific patterns in the COPSAC2000 birth cohort data: (1) dog/cat/horse, (2) timothy grass/

109 (AUDADIS-IV) and classified into one of five birth cohort decades (1940s to 1980s) and three smoking

110 s and 1970s birth cohorts and the 2000--2002 birth cohort, despite a higher proportion of the low-bir

111 nized data were used to aid inferences about birth cohort differences in BMI inequality, differences

112 terogeneity of this population, 4 successive birth cohorts, differentially affected by eras of hemoph

113 e of future wage earnings lost per child and birth cohort due to growth faltering in 137 developing c

114 ers who were enrolled in the Danish National Birth Cohort during 1996-2002 were included in this stud

115 n to mothers enrolled in the Danish National Birth Cohort during 1996-2002.

116 crease of ALS incidence is attributable to a birth cohort effect in women, with a peak in the 1930 co

117 However, this birth cohort effect was significant only for PD and only

118 amined whether this is an aging or a year-of-birth cohort effect.

119 italization to infection ratios and explored birth cohort effects referencing the pandemic years (195

120 explored, including viral genomic variation, birth cohort effects, prior vaccination, and epidemic pe

121 used an age period cohort model to estimate birth cohort effects.

122 Within a population-based birth cohort, eNO levels were measured in healthy term i

123 Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study, a birth cohort enrolled from 2003 through 2006 (Cincinnati

124 1.1 from 398 pregnant women in a prospective birth cohort enrolled in 2012-2013 in Shanghai, China.

125 In a prospective birth cohort (ENVIRONAGE [Environmental Influence on Age

126 respectively, in a population-based Spanish birth cohort established during 2004-2008.

127 At age 22 years, 262 members of a Faroese birth cohort, established in 1986-1987, underwent a grad

128 ts of interventions conducted as part of the Birth-Cohort Evaluation to Advance Screening and Testing

129 reference children) from the PASTURE/EFRAIM birth cohort (flow cytometry).

130 We included 3316 children from a birth cohort followed up for 16 years.

131 utritional Endpoints (BASELINE) longitudinal birth cohort for microbiome sampling at 3 points in the

132 Analyses of the CCCEH longitudinal birth cohort found associations between prenatal urinary

133 75,001 women enrolled in the Danish National Birth Cohort from 1996 to 2002, who had information on B

134 sed on a population-representative 1972-1973 birth cohort from New Zealand; the Dunedin Multidiscipli

135 nducted a case-control study nested within a birth cohort from rural Ecuador in which we identified 2

136 her-child pairs recruited into a prospective birth cohort from two clinics in the Pabna and Sirajdikh

137 om-effects meta-analysis stratified for age, birth cohort, gender, geographic region, and time period

138 Of 14,062 children in the birth cohort, genetic data were available for 9912 adole

139 logical and Nutritional Endpoints (BASELINE) birth cohort had transepidermal water loss (TEWL) measur

140 well as the recent oral DAAs, risk-based and birth-cohort HCV screening, and the impact of the Afford

141 e focused on individuals in the 1950 to 1959 birth cohorts, Hispanics, and blacks.

142 nts and 2,922 controls from the 1958 British birth cohort identified an additional 14 regions associa

143 ate-matter exposure data for 238 births in a birth cohort in and around Boston, Massachusetts, and a

144 n adults aged 31 years from the 1982 Pelotas Birth Cohort in Brazil.

145 from families participating in a prospective birth cohort in eastern Slovakia.

146 3 mother-child pairs from a population-based birth cohort in France followed from pregnancy to age 5.

147 participating in Generation R, a prospective birth cohort in the Netherlands.

148 We pooled individual data from 13 birth cohorts in 11 European countries (71,493 births fr

149 Longitudinal follow up of birth cohorts in diverse environments worldwide will con

150 concentrations and BMI are predicted for all birth cohorts in HBM studies conducted in the 1990s, whi

151 titis C virus (HCV) testing in the 1945-1965 birth cohort, in addition to targeted risk-based testing

152 A Swedish birth cohort including individuals born in Sweden betwee

153 five-year-old children from the Gemini twin birth cohort, including parental ratings of child EOE an

154 MeDALL integrated 14 European birth cohorts, including 44,010 participants and 160 coh

155 -specific probabilities representing the two birth cohorts into a five-state Markov model to estimate

156 For this year's birth cohort, it will avert 54 000 cases of rotavirus an

157 We used national birth cohort linked birth-infant death data (2000-2010)

158 Data from an established prospective birth cohort (Maternal Adversity, Vulnerability, and Neu

159 Southampton Women's Survey mother-offspring birth cohort, maternal health, lifestyle, and diet were

160 In a birth cohort (n = 1074), we used a case-cohort design to

161 A birth cohort (n = 1141) was assembled in 1978-79, and fo

162 ld participants from the Isle of Wight (IoW) birth cohort (n = 367), the risks of birth season on all

163 with auditory thresholds in the 1958 British Birth Cohort (n = 6099), suggesting involvement of S1P s

164 es of asthma up to 8 years in three European birth cohorts (n = 1,534) with look-up for interaction i

165 nd SAGE), and German (GINIplus and LISAplus) birth cohorts (n = 13 016).

166 also with the corresponding mild hemophilia birth cohorts (n = 2587 men total) to control for outcom

167 (for ALSPAC, odds ratio = 1.46; for Pelotas Birth Cohort, odds ratio = 1.98).

168 Participants belonged to a representative birth cohort of 1037 individuals born in Dunedin, New Ze

169 A birth cohort of 1457 children across 8 countries contrib

170 inal Twin Study, a nationally representative birth cohort of 2232 twins born in England and Wales fro

171 d transient CMV infections, in a prospective birth cohort of 30 highly exposed CMV-uninfected infants

172 nd development genes, we followed a clinical birth cohort of 40 mother-infant dyads.

173 COPSAC2000 is a high-risk birth cohort of 411 Danish children.

174 A birth cohort of 560 urban families was recruited from ne

175 From a birth cohort of 7 465 455 individuals born in Sweden bet

176 s to 12 years in a population-representative birth cohort of 8327 Chinese children in Hong Kong.

177 ical phenotypes nested within a longitudinal birth cohort of children (n= 5,949) monitored over the f

178 ned measles transmission; however, with each birth cohort of children not fully vaccinated against me

179 ental risk factors for childhood asthma in a birth cohort of high-risk inner-city children.

180 r follow-up period within a population-based birth cohort of more than 65,000 children.

181 dy of preterm birth drawn from a prospective birth cohort of pregnant women at Brigham and Women's Ho

182 ited States were enrolled in the prospective birth cohort of The Environmental Determinants of Diabet

183 ETHOD: The study population consisted of the birth cohort of the year 2000, residing in the Ragama Me

184 countries that initially targeted 1 or a few birth cohorts of girls and/or achieved low coverage.

185 In six European population-based birth cohorts of MeDALL, we assessed the outcomes: curre

186 d offspring serum metabolome from 3 European birth cohorts (offspring age at blood collection: 16, 17

187 duals (stage 1) was gathered from the Quebec Birth Cohort on Immunity and Health (1974-1994), includi

188 Seven hundred children from the COPSAC2010 birth cohort participated in this analysis.

189 alence of H. pylori infection itself shows a birth-cohort pattern needs to be corroborated.

190 The present study demonstrated a clear birth-cohort pattern of H. pylori infection in the Japan

191 ients with HCV infection in a 1-year period, birth cohort plus risk-based testing would identify 1815

192 In a large, national birth cohort, prospectively documented hypothyroxinemia

193 e Isle of Wight cohort include 2 consecutive birth cohorts, providing longitudinal data that can be s

194 ions would remain undiagnosed if current CDC birth cohort recommendations were employed, suggesting t

195 ldren Allergy Milieu Stockholm Epidemiology) birth cohort recruited from the general population were

196 and 4 years (n = 690) of age among the Rhea birth cohort recruited in Greece from pregnant women in

197 m 6-month-postpartum mothers in two Malawian birth cohorts revealed that sialylated HMOs are signific

198 Fully implemented birth cohort screening for HCV antibody would have misse

199 Birth cohort screening would have missed many patients,

200 rs, who form the target demographic for U.S. birth cohort screening.

201 precisely phenotyped children followed in 14 birth cohorts spread across Europe were combined with sy

202 s in the German Multicenter Allergy Study, a birth cohort started in 1990.

203 The study is derived from a birth cohort started in June 2003 and still ongoing.

204 y polymerase chain reaction in 2 prospective birth cohort studies (the Infant Susceptibility to Pulmo

205 he early-life origins of asthma and allergy, birth cohort studies are ideal to investigate the effect

206 Birth cohort studies have provided valuable insight into

207 The presence of AD was examined in 2 birth cohort studies including 9894 children from the Un

208 Z Health Study, two methodologically similar birth cohort studies including newborns and their mother

209 The prevalence of AD in longitudinal birth cohort studies is similar in childhood and adolesc

210 Birth cohort studies offer key opportunities to capture

211 Longitudinal birth cohort studies provide an opportunity to define su

212 We revisited birth cohort studies to understand naturally acquired pr

213 od (COPSAC) are ongoing prospective clinical birth cohort studies.

214 rowth: pooled results from four longitudinal birth cohort studies.

215 Recent birth-cohort studies support the notion of late-onset AD

216 in Early Life (ENVIRONAGE) Study, a Belgian birth cohort study (2010-2013).

217 A total of 812 subjects from the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study (born from 1934 to 1944), who underwe

218 In a multisite birth cohort study (MAL-ED), we describe the epidemiolog

219 sed data from the Norwegian Mother and Child Birth Cohort study (MoBa) with Illumina HumanMethylation

220 n infants participating in the Cork BASELINE birth cohort study (n = 1537).

221 6 weeks and 6 months postdelivery in the Ulm Birth Cohort Study (n=720 and n=454, respectively).

222 Infants enrolled in a birth cohort study (n=94) were assessed for eczema at ag

223 ildhood Project (INfancia y Medio Ambiente)] birth cohort study (recruitment period: 2003-2008) with

224 Data were obtained from the Ulm Birth Cohort Study (UBCS) and the Ulm SPATZ Health Study

225 ta and arsenic exposure in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study (USA).

226 hs postpartum as part of the Danish National Birth Cohort study 1996-2002.

227 ted from women enrolled in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study and examined the correlation between

228 in 2011 from women enrolled in a prospective birth cohort study at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Bo

229 Setting, and Participants: This prospective birth cohort study examined national population-based re

230 pregnant women enrolled in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study from 2011 to 2014 whose parents were

231 ) from Norway (N = 15,493), the Pelotas 1982 Birth Cohort Study from Brazil (N = 2,626), and the Swed

232 te (n = 196) children enrolled in the WHEALS birth cohort study had a clinical examination at age 2 y

233 We conducted a prospective longitudinal birth cohort study in Dhaka, Bangladesh, with monthly Gi

234 nths enrolled in the ECUAVIDA (Ecuador Life) birth cohort study in Ecuador.

235 enrolled in Project Viva, a prospective pre-birth cohort study in Massachusetts (USA), between 1999

236 ta come from a population-based longitudinal birth cohort study in metropolitan Cebu, the Philippines

237 ing, and Participants: This population-based birth cohort study included all 2421284 children from si

238 This multicenter, population-based birth cohort study included the 26,184 pregnant women an

239 , Babies and their Environment (VHEMBE) is a birth cohort study initiated in 2012 to characterize pre

240 Using an independent prospective birth cohort study of 190 infants, we predict height at

241 We conducted a birth cohort study of 1999 neonates between May 2009 and

242 Nationwide birth cohort study of 5034 Finnish children with complet

243 A nested matched case-control study within a birth cohort study of acute diarrhea in a peri-urban com

244 ge, we tested these loci in the 1982 Pelotas Birth Cohort Study of admixed Southern Brazilians, the C

245 A birth cohort study of maternal and infant serum PCB-153

246 Multicenter, population-based birth cohort study of singleton deliveries from 1996 to

247 The largest multinational European birth cohort study on food allergy with gold-standard di

248 This study comprised 1431 Helsinki Birth Cohort Study participants genotyped for FKBP5 SNPs

249 ye Study is a prospective, population-based, birth cohort study that included all children (n = 6090)

250 ntal Chemicals (MIREC) Study, a trans-Canada birth cohort study that recruited women between 2008 and

251 The study was designed as a retrospective birth cohort study using a random sample of 500 subjects

252 This birth cohort study was initiated in 1993 in Pelotas, Bra

253 diastolic BP (P = 0.008 in the 1982 Pelotas Birth Cohort Study), and rs7315692 (SLC5A8) with systoli

254 In the EuroPrevall birth cohort study, children with a suspected HEA and th

255 The CRS, an ongoing birth cohort study, enrolled 1,246 participants between

256 Participants belonged to the 1993 Pelotas Birth Cohort Study, including 5249 individuals born in P

257 ldren with and without asthma from a Swedish birth cohort study, the BAMSE (a Swedish acronym for "ch

258 In a multicountry birth cohort study, we describe rotavirus infection in t

259 In this longitudinal birth cohort study, we included infants in the Kaiser Pe

260 iversity of Queensland Study of Pregnancy, a birth cohort study.

261 d in the Childhood Origins of Asthma (COAST) birth cohort study.

262 nduct problems and crime in the 1993 Pelotas Birth Cohort Study.

263 rs; 48% boys [n = 2156]) in the 1970 British Birth Cohort Study.

264 43 individuals enrolled in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study.

265 Singapore maternity hospitals in an on-going birth cohort study.

266 ergy Study, a prospective, population-based, birth cohort study.

267 ourne Atopy Cohort (MACS) Study, a high-risk birth cohort study.

268 d secondary vaccine failure among successive birth cohorts systematically initiated to measles vaccin

269 9 (48.5%) would have been diagnosed based on birth cohort testing, and an additional 54 (26.5%) would

270 evelopment (CHILD) Study, a population-based birth cohort that recruited healthy pregnant women from

271 ivery and asthma in children from 9 European birth cohorts that enrolled participants between 1996 an

272 DLINE and SCOPUS databases were searched for birth cohorts that have investigated the association bet

273 stage) in a large population-representative birth cohort, the "Children of 1997." We used partial le

274 In a high-risk birth cohort, the persistence of asthma at age 13 years

275 Rates of HCC increased with each successive birth cohort through 1959.

276 The 5-year risk for AMD declined by birth cohorts throughout the 20th century.

277 These conditions also change from one birth cohort to another: some generations suffer more ad

278 We prospectively followed a Faroese birth cohort to determine these associations at 13 y.

279 participant data of 24,938 children from 24 birth cohorts to examine and meta-analyze the associatio

280 Findings from two population-representative birth cohorts totaling more than 3,000 individuals and b

281 (BCG) vaccination and childhood asthma in a birth cohort using administrative databases, and we dete

282 Recent birth cohorts vaccinated against human papillomavirus (H

283 A prospective birth cohort was established in a dengue-endemic area in

284 In a Canadian birth cohort we investigated whether concomitant allergi

285 In the two included birth cohorts we consistently observed statistically sig

286 Severely affected men in each birth cohort were compared also with the corresponding m

287 spective Studies on Asthma in Childhood 2010 birth cohort were investigated for respiratory viruses.

288 Trends by age and birth cohort were modeled using negative binomial regres

289 robiota of 298 children from a Detroit-based birth cohort were profiled using 16S rRNA sequencing: 13

290 626 controls enrolled in the Danish National Birth Cohort were used for the analysis.

291 06 original singletons in a population-based birth cohort) were followed up at age six and half years

292 n Rural Environments (PASTURE) is a European birth cohort where pregnant women were recruited between

293 rdial infarction decreased across successive birth cohorts, whereas diabetes prevalence increased.

294 mple of 500 subjects from the 1997-2007 Mayo Birth Cohort who were born at Mayo Clinic and enrolled i

295 f anemia in 18,446 children from the Jiaxing Birth Cohort, who had detailed complementary feeding rec

296 of association among adults from more recent birth cohorts, who were exposed to the obesity epidemic

297 ies on Asthma in Childhood 2000 (COPSAC2000) birth cohort with specific IgE against 13 common food an

298 on of age, sex, educational level, race, and birth cohort, with profile likelihood used to identify t

299 n the Framingham Heart Study and the Lothian Birth Cohorts, with independent replication in three ext

300 equally across income groups as in the 1940 birth cohort would reverse more than 70% of the decline