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1 ) or as a result of abnormal behaviour (tail biting).
2 om 0 (quiet awake) to 10 (focused licking or biting).
3 s an allograft transmitted between devils by biting.
4 iously described by a model of heterogeneous biting.
5 could become highly stressed during forceful biting.
6 ntry by malaria vectors and thus exposure to biting.
7 ore stress than could be generated by simple biting.
8 ibute to the functional recovery of rhythmic biting.
9 hear stresses, and (3) repetitive, localized biting.
10 egration among skull components required for biting.
11 ctious' agent transmitted as an allograft by biting.
12 o predict muscle recruitment patterns during biting.
13 ured during right and left incisor and molar biting.
14 rect transfer of living cancer cells through biting.
15 and joint reaction forces during unilateral biting.
16 Instead both have skulls suited to forceful biting.
20 erpestes javanicus, and simulated unilateral biting across the dentition; the models differed in the
21 se), is an invasive species with substantial biting activity, high disease vector potential, and a gl
25 SNr reduced amphetamine-induced stereotyped biting and gnawing behaviors, suggesting that the nigral
27 y transiently reduced amphetamine-stimulated biting and increased stereotyped gnawing and paw nibblin
30 hesis that leg loss inhibits mosquitoes from biting and reproducing, mosquitoes with one, two, or six
31 -1021 was also examined on caudally directed biting and scratching (CDBS) behaviors induced by intrat
32 is attacked it retaliates by simultaneously biting and spraying, but it usually refrains from sprayi
34 ingival injury caused by habitual fingernail biting and the findings noted at the time of periodontal
39 ticatory muscle forces exerted during static biting are consistent with objectives of minimization of
40 The potential ramifications of fingernail biting are discussed, and the steps necessary to ensure
42 ruses are transmitted to vertebrate hosts by biting arthropod vectors such as mosquitoes, ticks, and
45 anesthesia include accidental lip and tongue biting as well as difficulty in eating, drinking, speaki
46 chemostimuli induced proboscis extension and biting at concentration thresholds that varied directly
48 s of penetration resistance (approximating a biting attack) were investigated and found to include th
50 s to these two pathways separately disrupted biting attacks upon prey versus the initiation of prey p
53 es evidence for a switch in malaria vectors' biting behavior after the implementation of LLIN at univ
54 Two descending commands are active during biting behavior and trigger biting-like responses in a s
55 to exhibit an overt, intraspecies, reflexive-biting behavior as compared to sham-operated (control) m
56 mosquito nets (LLINs) may induce a switch in biting behavior in Anopheles funestus, a major malaria v
57 ism is not supported by the generalized host-biting behavior of most vectors of avian malaria parasit
58 ondary metabolite clusters, activated during biting behavior, appeared conserved within a species com
65 humans but are more important than the human biting "bridge" vector, Ixodes scapularis, in maintainin
66 Here, we show that a specialist caterpillar (biting-chewing herbivore) and a specialist aphid (phloem
67 ance via the salicylic acid pathway, whereas biting-chewing herbivores induce plant resistance mainly
68 recent experiments on trampling animals and biting crocodiles have shown each to be capable of produ
69 r Tyrannosaurus rex stand out for habitually biting deeply into bones, pulverizing and digesting them
70 diverse pathogens by the aggressively human-biting deer tick may have a unique impact on public heal
72 ses, including accidental trauma; fingernail biting; digit sucking; or sucking on objects such as pen
75 to living bunodont otters in morphology and biting efficiency, jaw strength in S. melilutra far surp
76 lated aggression was based upon a history of biting family members in contexts associated with domina
77 exhibited aggressive, intraspecies reflexive-biting ('fighter') behavior when introduced to a novel (
81 t associations between our proxy for tabanid biting fly annoyance and most striping measures (facial
83 optimized to provide the tooth with maximum biting force, withstanding millions of cycles of loads w
86 o Aedes aegypti has evolved to specialize in biting humans and is the main worldwide vector of dengue
88 an six legs, as they may still be capable of biting humans, reproducing, and contributing to malaria
92 ting midge) is the most prevalent allergenic biting insect in Taiwan, and 60% of the exposed subjects
93 e mechanism by which this chemical wards off biting insects remains controversial despite decades of
95 green June beetle (GJB), Cotinis nitida, by biting into intact grape berries that GJB, which has blu
97 Unlike stiffness, mechanical efficiency of biting is conserved among living otters and in S. melilu
98 ummatory feeding in Aplysia such as rhythmic biting is controlled by command-like cerebral-buccal int
102 ther demonstrated that activating them using biting-like frequencies and durations, either alone or i
104 en activated alone, the two commands produce biting-like programs of either long or short protraction
113 rican horse sickness virus is transmitted by biting midges and causes African horse sickness in equid
114 tain, both of which are spread by Culicoides biting midges and have recently emerged in northern Euro
118 at is transmitted between hosts primarily by biting midges of the genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopo
119 gile vectors, such as adults of black flies, biting midges, and tsetse flies, have dispersed into new
123 w that transitions between suction-based and biting modes of prey capture, which require different de
125 tus, is an anthropophilic aggressive daytime-biting nuisance and an efficient vector of certain arbov
126 lfactory-based strategies to reduce both the biting nuisance and disease transmission from bed bugs.
127 he molestus form is a commercially important biting nuisance and in the southern part of its range is
129 ng human compulsions, such as non-aggressive biting of cagemates during grooming, repeated leaping an
130 ng materials (OR = 2.5, 95% CI 1.3-4.6), and biting of fingernails in conjunction with scratching the
132 l normal behaviors, repetitive nonaggressive biting of siblings during grooming, and repetitive leapi
133 ate with the relative energetics of the back-biting of the penultimate unit and ion-pair formation.
135 97 induced more stereotyped behavior such as biting or head movements in D2L-/- mice (which express o
136 We find strong evidence that heterogeneous biting or heterogeneous susceptibility to infection are
141 ia infections specifically increased sandfly biting persistence and feeding on multiple hosts, but on
143 y reduced metabolic investment compared with biting populations, a greater reliance on opportunistic
144 ferent frequencies, the two commands produce biting programs with an intermediate protraction duratio
146 gy surveys to estimate household-level human biting rate (HBR), expressed as the number of female Ano
147 ses indicate that 0 is most sensitive to the biting rate and mortality rate of mosquitoes while sexua
150 nequal number but equal spatial density, the biting rate per host is lower in the group with more ind
153 raphic range and increasing reproductive and biting rates and by shortening the pathogen incubation p
154 omological indicators of transmission (human biting rates and entomological inoculation rates [EIRs])
156 erature conditions that caused the simulated biting rates to be largest and mosquito mortality rates
158 proved control of leishmaniasis and nuisance-biting requires greater emphasis on population genetics
159 For all behaviors, except locomotion and biting, responses of PAS were eliminated by cutting the
160 complex life cycle involving transmission by biting sand flies and replication within mammalian macro
161 esioned (6-OHDA-treated) rats displayed self-biting (SB; 7/20 rats) and self-injurious behavior (SIB;
168 ts may be able to protect users from outdoor biting, thereby providing additional protection above th
170 Tick engorgement indices, measured on the biting ticks, were found to be correlated with anti-rTC
171 tion of formalin or CFA and hind paw licking/biting timed during the late-phase of the formalin respo
175 scle activity and TMJ reaction ratios during biting to those observed in vivo and that peak predicted
177 for active feeding (proboscis extension with biting) was exceeded, ongoing avoidance and locomotion w
178 transmission potential and annual infective biting were monitored in five villages where Anopheles p
179 models of neuromuscular organization during biting were used to determine organization in individual
180 ubgroup of aggressive dogs with a history of biting without warning (5-HIAA 196.0 pmol/ml; HVA 302.0
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