ライフサイエンスコーパス: body size

1 functions of organismal traits (in this case body size).

2 racies in the stimuli used for judgements of body size.

3 energetic requirements resulting from larger body size.

4 on adherence, and sex-related differences in body size.

5 e, non-breeding location, generation time or body size.

6 ber of experimental limitations due to small body size.

7 1.2 gene previously been linked to increased body size.

8 of anorexia nervosa is an over-estimation of body size.

9 mutation reports a mild phenotype of reduced body size.

10 a constant ratio of developing organ size to body size.

11 ) that differ in behavior, plumage color and body size.

12 estyle, foraging behavior, flight style, and body size.

13 rasitic wasps scale brain size linearly with body size.

14 neuronal subpopulations, based on their cell body size.

15 egulate organ growth in response to organ or body size.

16 ng this movement is constant, independent of body size.

17 sexual dimorphism in human vocal anatomy and body size.

18 ics estimated on a monthly basis scaled with body size.

19 ales and females, and workers that differ in body size.

20 nally imitating a physically small and large body size.

21 espect to gestational age and abnormal fetal body size.

22 natural selection on genes related to human body size.

23 nd keen senses that first evolved at smaller body size.

24 geal allometry thereby exaggerating apparent body size.

25 eutral to negative with increasing herbivore body size.

26 including exposure, time, study method, and body size.

27 ution of cattle is marked by fluctuations in body size.

28 ctive schedules, sexual size dimorphism, and body size.

29 influences perceptions of attractive female body size.

30 allometry is how metabolic rate scales with body size.

31 phao in the motor neurons reduced the larval body size.

32 stimuli to allow the women to estimate their body size.

33 n increase in peak lag times with increasing body size.

34 esis that dinosaurs used formants as cues to body size.

35 rate Armc5 knockout mice, which are small in body size.

36 length, a defence against males), as well as body size.

37 at our bipedal ancestors had a wide range of body sizes.

38 patterns related to species' abundances and body sizes.

39 To simulate larger body sizes, 0.2-, 0.5-, and 1.0-mm-thick copper filters

40 However, because of the body size ( 1 mm) of eggs, nymphs, and adults, morpholog

41 demic to Lake Baikal, differ with respect to body size (10- to 50-fold lower fresh weights of E. cyan

42 Organs scale with body size, a process known as allometry that has been st

43 cal variation in beak length, coloration and body size across their wide geographic distribution, and

44 ontrolling predator-prey interactions (e.g., body size) affects food web structure.

45 ardiac output before and after indexation to body size (all P<0.001).

46 on and returns a highly derived sigmoid horn body size allometry to its presumed ancestral, linear st

47 hat drill-hole size is a robust predictor of body size among modern drilling predators and that drill

48 t there is no relationship between morph and body size amongst the larger, 'weaponised' morphs.

49 y small endocranial volume (ECV) relative to body size and a large olfactory bulb volume relative to

50 nting mode, the stratum they occur in, their body size and age.

51 or negative correlations between pollinator body size and average concentration.

52 tions to investigate mating patterns by both body size and behavioural type (personality).

53 ression of atx-2 is sufficient to reduce the body size and brood size of wild-type animals.

54 There is no correlation, however, between body size and cancer risk.

55 thin this area, including a 50% reduction in body size and catch rate (catch per unit effort).

56 After adjusting for body size and composition, total energy expenditure was

57 erance (melanogenesis) (FGF2, GNAI3, PLCB1), body size and development (BMP2, BMP4, GJA3, GJB2), ener

58 g development shapes phenotypic variation in body size and development time.

59 e consequences of heterogeneity in herbivore body size and diet breadth (i.e. the diversity of host p

60 Heterogeneity in herbivore body size and diet breadth, as well as other prey traits

61 As a likely result of prey partitioning by body size and diet breadth, the combined effects of bird

62 ycles will influence their development time, body size and emergence patterns, with consequences for

63 We define how temperature, body size and food availability influence the degree of

64 ent; however, associations between childhood body size and future melanomagenesis are largely unknown

65 s of key macroecological predictors, such as body size and geographic range size.

66 We find strong taphonomic biases related to body size and geographic range.

67 The large body size and high number of grasping spines in C. praet

68 representing six ontogenetic stages based on body size and histological data.

69 -) mice (C57BL/6 background) display reduced body size and microphthalmia, similar to ATF4-null anima

70 We conclude that associations between body size and MM originate early in life and are driven

71 eproduction, organ function and development, body size and morphology, skin and hair pigmentation, an

72 e influences the relationship between animal body size and movement would better inform hypotheses ab

73 novel quantitative trait loci that influence body size and one that influences fur length and sheddin

74 temperature records, we show that changes in body size and phenology of the univoltine butterfly, Hes

75 ly species can predict respective changes in body size and phenology.

76 ormed a comparative analysis controlling for body size and phylogenetic relationships on a global dat

77 In multivariate regressions including body size and physical activity, human TEE exceeded that

78 y that conveys information about the whale's body size and physical fitness, and thus may be an impor

79 y increasing the acoustic impression of male body size and playing a role analogous to investment in

80 Biological traits such as body size and range size are expected to be associated w

81 We then tested hypotheses relating ant body size and reproductive ecology to flight altitude.

82 rtional hazards models were used to evaluate body size and risk of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diab

83 n of delta(13)C in tissues was influenced by body size and sex of sharks, in addition to residency an

84 es mated with males similar to themselves in body size and shape.

85 ears to have maintained variation in spawner body size and stream entry timing in both populations.

86 Though theory predicts body size and temperature are likely to control incorpor

87 ological processes, scale independently with body size and temperature, despite empirical evidence fo

88 rbor both common and rare variants affecting body size and that anthropometric traits share genetic l

89 ese findings highlight the prominent role of body size and the inadequacy of BMI as determinants of A

90 , our results also suggest a pattern between body size and trait variation, consistent with constrain

91 he minimum f o produced by the sound source, body size and vocal fold length (VFL).

92 We address this issue here in a study of body size and vocalization frequencies conducted across

93 nstrate strong inverse relationships between body size and vocalization frequencies in primates and c

94 This inverse relationship between body size and vocalization frequencies is widely conside

95 cal foundation: rigorous comparisons between body size and vocalization frequencies remain scarce, pa

96 es in population numbers and changes in mean body size and whether there is a strong role for density

97 y classifiable as those: increasing organism body size and/or life span, disrupting processes within

98 m, particularly when coupled with decreasing body sizes and advancing maturation characteristic of th

99 couple shifts in climate space with altered body sizes and growth rates provide considerable insight

100 Warming reduced mean adult body sizes and population abundance and biomass, but onl

101 lthough responses can also include shifts in body sizes and population demographics.

102 tical backsplice sequence but have different body sizes and sequences, and (ii) thousands of novel in

103 a direct role in the evolution of very large body sizes and the resolution of Peto's paradox in Probo

104 cted shifts to significantly smaller maximum body sizes and/or faster growth rates, aligning strongly

105 ey were fully accounted for by inflammation, body-size and lifestyle.

106 ssion included impaired food intake, reduced body size, and characteristic changes in the metabolite

107 yngeal motor neurons are required for normal body size, and knockdown of their receptor in pharyngeal

108 racteristics including flight ability, large body size, and laying blue-shelled eggs, to identify its

109 2) analyze their relationship with age, sex, body size, and left ventricular function.

110 Associations between traits, such as body size, and migration provide clues.

111 were independently and strongly predicted by body size, and no effect of maternal disease was observe

112 ased VTL and decreased F0 to imitate a large body size, and reduced VTL and increased F0 to imitate s

113 ent time, survival to the adult stage, adult body size, and results of a challenge with indoxacarb.

114 volution with general convergence except for body size; and (3) unpredictable karyotypic evolution.

115 ships among extinction risk, high value, and body size; and quantify the effects of two mitigating fa

116 spite different potencies in detoxifying Cd, body size appears to mainly explain species-related diff

117 In many vertebrates, acoustic cues to body size are encoded in resonance frequencies of the vo

118 Sexual dimorphisms in body size are widespread throughout the animal kingdom b

119 ity, we show that larger brains (relative to body size) are more likely to occur in species exposed t

120 RV volumes increase with body size, are greater in men, and are smaller in older

121 te-based interaction in which ants use their body size as a cue to control the height at which they s

122 the distributional ranges ('climate space'), body sizes (as maximum theoretical body sizes, Linfinity

123 that actual body size (not maximum potential body size, as is usually available in traits databases)

124 tive exocytosis underlies seizures and large body size associated with 16p11.2 homologs in zebrafish.

125 asured the developmental rate, survival, and body size at hatching in two populations of sockeye salm

126 evelopment including maximum body sizes, the body size at which individuals begin to migrate, and the

127 evealed a possible motor-neuronal control of body size, because inactivation of Rdl and Galphao in th

128 And how does variation in body size benefit the colony?

129 nk, we investigated the associations between body size (body mass index [BMI], height, waist circumfe

130 In simple linear regressions, parameters of body size (body weight, body surface area, and organ cir

131 e aim of this follow-up study was to compare body size, body composition, and metabolic health at age

132 ary.At age 8 y, no differences were found in body size, body composition, bone variables, and metabol

133 rapid morphological evolution via changes in body size, but may also make raptors especially vulnerab

134 risk in vertebrates has been linked to large body size, but this putative relationship has only been

135 ls of infectious disease scaled against host body size can generate testable predictions for variatio

136 us studies, possibly because larynx size and body size can vary independently.

137 Yet many important traits, like body size, can be set by resource availability and preda

138 ed to the phenotypes in coat color patterns, body size, cashmere traits, as well as high altitude ada

139 Down-regulation of atx-2 increases the body size, cell size, and fat content of dietary-restric

140 r individuals could result in a signature of body size change in relation to reported climate trends

141 We find that the larger body size characteristic of Drosophila females is establ

142 urements of food source dynamics, individual body size (classes), and additional knowledge on sub-let

143 , VFL predicted minimum f o much better than body size, clearly demonstrating the potential for decou

144 those of oviraptorids and indicate an adult body size comparable to a gigantic caenagnathid.

145 Younger age, male sex, and larger body size correlated with higher PC counts (P<0.01).

146 Through analysis of body size data and phylogenetic modelling of trait evolu

147 o comprehensive bird and mammal phylogenies, body size data for 9,465 extant species, and global aver

148 We use bone microstructure and body size data to investigate the palaeoecological impli

149 While body size decreases with warming and with decreasing lat

150 the food web were generated by combining (1) body size-density scaling, (2) Taylor's law and (3) low

151 imates of juvenile and subadult proboscidean body sizes derived from extant elephant growth data.

152 d covariates that could affect growth rates; body size, diet, and year have significant effects on gr

153 Body size, dietary functional group, palaeoenvironmental

154 FTCs and constant freezing shifted nematode body size distribution towards large individuals, driven

155 ominance in tropical tree species, mammalian body size distributions and patterns of rarity in worldw

156 ssic environments, and help explain observed body size distributions of some disaster taxa (e.g., Lys

157 nd external to the colony that may influence body-size distributions.

158 patterns: (1) energy density increases with body size during the juvenile period, but is invariant w

159 Body size dynamics and population fluctuations resulted

160 Therefore, we conclude that body size dynamics in our population do not drive the ob

161 ing examined; that is, different measures of body size (e.g. length, volume, mass, fat stores) will b

162 ous systems, especially of taxa with smaller body size (e.g., many arthropods), is limited.

163 umption, use of folic acid supplements, age, body size, education, and employment, plus study fixed e

164 s and whirls of turbulence--exhibit the same body-size effect on life time and life travel as the evo

165 l as the evolutionary movement united by the body-size effect so far: animals, rivers, vehicles, jets

166 tive to variation in food density because of body size effects on foraging and metabolism and this se

167 ual experience is not necessary for accurate body size estimation.

168 ) murine mutant, Nmf11, which causes reduced body size, evoked tremor, seizures, muscle stiffness, an

169 s from a chimpanzee-sized LCA.The pattern of body size evolution in hominids can provide insight into

170 birds and mammals, we find that the rate of body size evolution is primarily driven by past climate.

171 The effect of climate on the rate of body size evolution seems to be a general feature of end

172 res to tease apart the roles of competition, body size evolution, and climate change on the sequentia

173 We find that body size evolved directionally toward phyletic giantism

174 e hypothesis that larger brains (relative to body size) evolved when the species invaded more seasona

175 arts (median, 538 g; 169% of age-, sex-, and body size-expected heart weight versus 335 g; 112% in co

176 nd mass in NBA athletes were proportional to body size, extending to the uppermost biometrics of the

177 However, body size, fecundity, and diet breadth showed no signifi

178 Hallmarks of lifelong DR are reductions in body size, fecundity, and fat accumulation, as well as s

179 rmal meta-analysis on study-level effects of body size, fecundity, diet breadth, habitat breadth, and

180 d to parasite resistance, immunity response, body size, fertility, and milk production.

181 on operatorHFRs increased significantly with body size for both common and striped dolphins.

182 e aim to test the value of AVA normalized to body size for outcome prediction in asymptomatic aortic

183 l instar, are important for predicting adult body size (for males only; showing a positive relationsh

184 Humans' ability to gauge another person's body size from their voice alone may serve multiple func

185 In multiple linear regression models, body size, gestational age, and sex explained a large pr

186 rate herbivores, one focused on an herbivore body size gradient, and the other on a climate severity

187 Brain mass, body size, habitat structure and group size were the mai

188 Observational evidence suggests that adult body size has its roots earlier in life, yet few life-co

189 On a branch-by-branch basis, increases in body size have been more than twice as likely as decreas

190 imilar genotype but very different brain and body size have similarly sized olfactory sensilla and mo

191 ear to be relatively independent of those of body size (height), but shared with those of verbal inte

192 rew up with stressed siblings showed reduced body size, high levels of oxidative damage in lipids and

193 rophic position in spiders were explained by body size, hunting modes and stratum, while niche size w

194 The constraint on body size imposed by their arboreal lifestyle is thought

195 f associations between weather and offspring body size in a long-term study of a wild passerine bird,

196 Workers' eye area increased with body size in all the colonies showing a negative allomet

197 renatal exposure to phthalates and childhood body size in an urban cohort.

198 tion of feeding ecology, energy balance, and body size in cetaceans.

199 nsity-dependence on population size and mean body size in eastern brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)

200 ldhood weight gain are associated with adult body size in midlife.

201 icate a major role of Q in recent changes in body size in modern cattle, and represent one of the fir

202 ntial for decoupling between larynx size and body size in primates.

203 and the evolutionary history of selection on body size in primates.

204 to lower frequency components and exaggerate body size in reproductive contexts, this hypothesis has

205 relationships between trophic level (TL) and body size in size-structured food webs and hence the mea

206 which dwarfed to about three quarters of its body size in slightly more than one century.

207 itive rhinocerotoids with a relatively large body size in the Eocene, and normally considered to be c

208 mplications for maintenance of migration and body size in the face of environmental change.

209 es to investigate how viability selection on body size in the non-breeding season could affect demogr

210 tion of osseous cranial ornaments with large body size in theropod dinosaurs using a phylogenetic com

211 A major constraint on the evolution of large body sizes in animals is an increased risk of developing

212 letal robusticity (bone strength relative to body size) in modern humans.

213 ve rate and one aspect of offspring quality (body size) in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinf

214 - and fam57ba+/- heterozygotes do not show a body size increase; however, fam57ba-/- homozygous mutan

215 Body size increased with depth at the intraspecific and

216 not known whether AVA normalization to other body size indexes allows improved outcome prediction.

217 ng seasonal episodes of natural selection on body size interacted with both direct and delayed densit

218 althy controls can accurately estimate their body size irrespective of their own BMI.

219 Body size is a key life-history trait influencing all as

220 Body size is an important phenotypic trait that correlat

221 mice, reduced primary forebrain neuron cell body size is apparent in embryonic day 15.5 fetuses, and

222 ce for substantial genetic heterogeneity for body size is consistent with empirical findings across t

223 Declining body size is increasingly viewed as a universal response

224 te of an organism changes or scales with its body size is known as an allometry.

225 However, body size is linked to many other biological processes.

226 standing how individual movement scales with body size is of fundamental importance in predicting eco

227 Body size is sensed by either stretch receptors or oxyge

228 We find that body size is the principal driver of risk for lower valu

229 Although water requirements increase with body size, it remains unclear whether weight status modi

230 nd that populations differed with respect to body size, length of the breeding season, fecundity, and

231 space'), body sizes (as maximum theoretical body sizes, Linfinity) and growth rates (as rate at whic

232 ch that overall long-term temporal trends in body size may be minimal.

233 nd in the prevalence of high levels of the 4 body size measures were fairly similar between men, with

234 s have examined effects of NIS inhibitors on body size measures.

235 The correlation between body size, morphology and morphometrics of the spinning

236 attern during acceleration regardless of the body size, morphology, and ecology of the animal.

237 , such as an improved appetite and increased body size, need elucidation.

238 mean product values exceed US$12,557 kg(-1), body size no longer drives risk.

239 ntested species with caution and that actual body size (not maximum potential body size, as is usuall

240 ces and also, when accompanied by decreasing body size of adults, further decrease fish abundance and

241 al frequency (f o) should correlate with the body size of the caller is widespread, but this belief h

242 o made possible the development of the large body size of these vertebrates.

243 ratory species, linked to estimated ages and body sizes of individuals, to reveal variable ontogeny d

244 the migratory cycle, we find that effects of body size on the non-migratory phases are far more impor

245 allowed us to evaluate the effect of sex and body size on their daily routines.

246 urs did not vary between populations, sexes, body size or among release locations, which indicated th

247 ying a role analogous to investment in large body size or weaponry.

248 (OH)D) status and explained by inflammation, body-size or lifestyle in a British birth cohort.

249 er parameters, such as basal metabolic rate, body size, or body temperature.

250 nal patterns, either linear, when related to body size, or parabolic in shape when considering variab

251 Major differences in body size, ornamentation, and aggressive and mating beha

252 In contrast, increases in mean body size over the same period are the result of indirec

253 Greater body size (overall and abdominal adiposity) was positive

254 life stages may affect respective change in body size, phenology and geographic range, which have be

255 of BMI) to create the four metabolic health/body size phenotype categories.

256 measurements to create four metabolic health/body size phenotype categories: (1) metabolically health

257 elationships exist for metabolically defined body size phenotypes and colorectal cancer risk is unkno

258 We created body size phenotypes defined by body mass index categori

259 Metabolic health/body size phenotypes were defined according to hyperinsu

260 The association of metabolically defined body size phenotypes with colorectal cancer was investig

261 e used linear regression with adjustment for body size, physical activity, and cardiovascular disease

262 We investigate the effects of pollinator body size, plant size (as a proxy of floral display), lo

263 nomes and observe that animals with expanded body size restrain the number of microsatellite.

264 ing of bite force with reference to head and body size, results that concur with scaling patterns acr

265 models of different complexities, including body size scaling approaches, for their ability to repre

266 This latter phase involves body size shifts, attributable to changes in foraging de

267 cet diameter and facet number increased with body size, some colonies primarily increased facet numbe

268 Recently, body size subtypes categorised by the prevalence of hype

269 Insect communities were structured by body size such that species of all sizes flew near the g

270 ration (ASIP, KITLG, HTT, GNA11, and OSTM1), body size (TBX15, DGCR8, CDC25A, and RDH16), cashmere tr

271 luded in model development including maximum body sizes, the body size at which individuals begin to

272 urred coincident with the evolution of large body sizes, the evolution of extreme sensitivity to geno

273 exhibited significant assortative mating by body size: the largest males and females, and the smalle

274 aligning strongly to aspects of temperature-body size theory.

275 tively expect cancer incidence to scale with body size, this assertion does not hold over the range o

276 l ornaments despite repeatedly crossing this body size threshold.

277 , baited with food and scaled to accommodate body size, to members of 39 carnivore species from nine

278 atistically significant after adjustment for body size, type 2 diabetes, and energy intake.

279 aspect of which is a spectacular increase in body size until their extinction at the end of the last

280 Our results are consistent with considerable body size variation and, probably, degree of sexual dimo

281 We discuss the implications of body size variation for insect species that are provided

282 s study provides a thorough understanding of body size variation in sheep from an epigenetic perspect

283 For determinate growing insects, body size variation is determined by growth rate and the

284 s provide an interesting model for examining body-size variation because of the high degree of worker

285 better understand the contribution of worker body-size variation to colony success?

286 116p-/m+ mice the reduction in neuronal cell body size was associated with decreased neuronal nucleol

287 ty and congener density, while focal species body size was negatively related to congener density.

288 Using image processing, the change in body size was quantified over time.

289 Body size was significantly and proportionately smaller

290 en, abdominal adiposity, rather than overall body size, was associated with a greater colorectal canc

291 ine PLAG1 mutation (Q) with major effects on body size, weight and reproduction is a >1,000 years old

292 Ectotherms often attain smaller body sizes when they develop at higher temperatures.

293 ern oceans is strongly associated with large body size, whereas past extinction events were either no

294 reatment for ANSD show an over-estimation of body size which rapidly increases as their own BMI incre

295 ant spacing provided highly reliable cues to body size, while presumed correlates of the source signa

296 increased development time and lowered adult body size, with reinforcing interactions.

297 TCs in cold ecosystems will select for large body size within soil microinvertebrates and overall red

298 g the juvenile period, but is invariant with body size within the adult size range for most species,

299 hich describe the distribution of individual body sizes within a community.

300 nal movement metrics scale consistently with body size yet vary over different temporal scales.