ライフサイエンスコーパス: boundary layer

1 volcanoes are derived from within the upper boundary layer.

2 round and aerosol surfaces in the well-mixed boundary layer.

3 round and aerosol surfaces in the well-mixed boundary layer.

4 d how turbines interact with the atmospheric boundary layer.

5 rd and enhance mixing across the coral-water boundary layer.

6 eflected horizontally beneath the moving top boundary layer.

7 ls in remote environments such as the marine boundary layer.

8 s of the PAHs and the thickness of the water boundary layer.

9 mata), canopy air space, and the atmospheric boundary layer.

10 -thirds of the total column above the marine boundary layer.

11 icle nucleation events in the coastal marine boundary layer.

12 he diffusion through the aqueous diffusional boundary layer.

13 mal effects from biofouling or the diffusive boundary layer.

14 chlorine atom sources in the polluted marine boundary layer.

15 e pollutants, enhancing the flux through the boundary layer.

16 reducing the thickness of the mass transfer boundary layer.

17 d as cloud condensation nuclei in the marine boundary layer.

18 d outer core, overlain by a partially molten boundary layer.

19 ls of ClNO(2) in the polluted coastal marine boundary layer.

20 e and iodine monoxide in the tropical marine boundary layer.

21 magnetosheath, may indicate a planetary ion boundary layer.

22 al ozone loss in the tropical Atlantic Ocean boundary layer.

23 imethyl sulfide and mercury in the Antarctic boundary layer.

24 slab laterally displacing a thin hot thermal boundary layer.

25 erromagnet (FM) and the proximity-induced FM boundary layer.

26 nces aerosol formation and ozone loss in the boundary layer.

27 new, nanometre-scale particles in the marine boundary layer.

28 cribing the image intensity evolution in the boundary layer.

29 parent owing to more efficient mixing in the boundary layer.

30 cally by way of a concentration polarization boundary layer.

31 ion transport in the bulk region outside the boundary layer.

32 es may play a significant role in the marine boundary layer.

33 mineral-fluid interface within a thin fluid boundary layer.

34 ns of multiphase DMS chemistry in the marine boundary layer.

35 vertical vorticity generation in the bottom boundary layer.

36 sible alternative, at least in the planetary boundary layer.

37 ng the dominant Cl atom source in the Arctic boundary layer.

38 cesses could also be important in the marine boundary layer.

39 tion of convective clouds in the atmospheric boundary layer.

40 biomechanical stabilization of the lubricin boundary layer.

41 concentration in the Canadian Arctic marine boundary layer.

42 ant abiotic source of isoprene in the marine boundary layer.

43 peting sink is deposition on surfaces in the boundary layer.

44 s and related processes across environmental boundary layers.

45 ance mass transfer of HOCs through diffusive boundary layers.

46 often rate-limited by diffusion in stagnant boundary layers.

47 e basis of the competition between these two boundary layers.

48 thermal (non-rotating) and Ekman (rotating) boundary layers.

49 fices that direct fluid flow into controlled boundary layers.

50 l dissipation and mixing outside the oceanic boundary layers.

51 the majority of the lower mantle except the boundary layers.

52 ed ozone loss occurs mostly above the marine boundary layer (34%), in the transition layer (40%) and

53 convection induced inside the concentration boundary layer, a highly inhomogeneous magnetic field, g

54 orders of magnitude faster than over laminar boundary layers, a turbulent boundary layer may lead to

55 ly-flying insect movements in the convective boundary layer; a model which is consistent with classic

56 or, and a cooling highly conductive but thin boundary layer above the core.

57 els show that UV-scattering particles in the boundary layer accelerate photochemical reactions and sm

58 were used to estimate an apparent diffusive boundary layer (ADBL) thickness at the gel-solution inte

59 on, the solution composition within the thin boundary layer adjacent to the electrode|solution interf

60 n, affect the formation and growth of marine boundary layer aerosols, being involved in primary and s

61 rystals form on mid-tropospheric rather than boundary-layer aerosols.

62 It has long been recognized that diffusive boundary layers affect the determination of active trans

63 Surface seawater and marine boundary layer air samples were collected on the ice-bre

64 om aerosol uptake of N(2)O(5) throughout the boundary layer and a HONO source from dry deposition of

65 ond law applied through an aqueous diffusive boundary layer and a polyethylene layer.

66 inversion, the transect comprised the marine boundary layer and free troposphere.

67 e likelihood of virions traversing the mucus boundary layer and infecting cells in the epithelium.

68 ric ozone loss occurs in the tropical marine boundary layer and is thought to be driven primarily by

69 s a vertical vortex motion in the atmosphere boundary layer and often occurs in hot desert regions, e

70 significant dependence on height within the boundary layer and residual layer, although individual v

71 Turbulent transport of SO2 to the leaf boundary layer and subsequent diffusion across stomatal

72 he atmospheric temperatures in the planetary boundary layer and the column-integrated optical depth o

73 y explain HONO accumulation in the nocturnal boundary layer and the enhanced [HONO]/[NO2] ratios obse

74 fusion of vapors through a stagnant air-side boundary layer and the PSM pores, and the reversible sor

75 d that sources of these nuclei to the marine boundary layer and the response of clouds to changes in

76 We combined height of the planetary boundary layer and wind speed, which affect concentratio

77 ransport of the chemical across the air-side boundary layer and within the sampler medium, which is s

78 or the larger colonies flagellar stirring of boundary layers and remote transport are fundamental for

79 Gas injection reduces the formation of boundary layer, and increases the overall diffusion coef

80 pulation of particles in the pristine Amazon boundary layer, and may therefore influence cloud proper

81 ed by biogenic emissions, the polluted urban boundary layer, and polar regions.

82 based on parametrized paracellular, aqueous boundary layer, and transcellular permeabilities, and th

83 how that nucleation rates in the atmospheric boundary layer are positively correlated with concentrat

84 , zero-pressure gradient, smooth, flat-plate boundary layer are presented here.

85 phology of the microjet and the hydrodynamic boundary layer are shown to be highly sensitive to the v

86 tion rate of reactive halogens in the marine boundary layer are strongly impacted by reactions occurr

87 ated ClNO2 mixing ratios found in the marine boundary layer are sustained primarily by N2O5 reactions

88 ibrated in the gas phase where concentration boundary layers are absent.

89 beginning of the development of the deposit, boundary layers are formed at the boundaries of the low-

90 by the RDE, both diffusion and hydrodynamic boundary layers are formed.

91 es of CO2 and H2O(v) exchange over turbulent boundary layers are one or more orders of magnitude fast

92 In the boundary layers around the edges of images, basic nonlin

93 methods which typically measure flow within boundary layers, as these are adjacent to any walls.

94 is diffusion through the aqueous diffusional boundary layer; as such, the overcoated PDMS does not af

95 e profiles of the strong winds in the marine boundary layer associated with tropical cyclones.

96 chemistry of NOx and O3 in the remote marine boundary layer at Cape Verde.

97 al radioactive sulfate present at the marine boundary layer at Fukushima reached Southern California

98 5)SO(2-)(4), the concentration in the marine boundary layer at Fukushima, was approximately 2 x 10(5)

99 the age basis of the supposed Younger Dryas boundary layer at the 29 sites and regions in North and

100 Higher temperatures are confined to a boundary layer at the base of the convection cell, where

101 The boundary layer at the base of the mantle has been reveal

102 ution-precipitation process that occurs in a boundary layer at the calcite surface can sequester Sb a

103 e convection or the instability of a thermal boundary layer at the mantle's base, or both.

104 del of Fickian diffusion across a thin water boundary layer at the sediment-water interface was used

105 the recently proposed model of the turbulent boundary layer at very large Reynolds numbers.

106 ld conditions that would lead to a turbulent boundary layer based on the influence of trichomes.

107 roblem for a passive additive in a turbulent boundary layer based on the recently proposed model of t

108 OC) facilitated transport across the benthic boundary layer (BBL).

109 ing in lowered Reynolds numbers at which the boundary layer became turbulent.

110 microelectrode revealed a broader diffusion boundary layer between bulk and biofilm surface in the P

111 tile-rich lower-mantle material at a thermal boundary layer between convectively isolated reservoirs.

112 f the sea surface microlayer (SML), i.e. the boundary layer between the air and the sea, and its impa

113 The boundary layer between the crystalline silicate lower ma

114 he depleted mantle to form a thicker thermal boundary layer between the deep convecting mantle and th

115 The boundary layer between the fiber coating and the sample

116 s the chemical processing that occurs in the boundary layers between diffuse and dense interstellar c

117 tterns reveal two diamond allotropes in this boundary layer but not above or below that interval.

118 few tens of centimetres above and below the boundary layer, but were absent in the boundary clay its

119 varying amounts of PL being sequestered in a boundary layer by interaction with apoA-I at the disc ed

120 We simulate the atmospheric boundary layer by numerical models of turbulent convecti

121 dynamics is broadly analogous to that in the boundary layer bypass transition and in the secondary in

122 This ability of corals to stir their boundary layer changes the way that we perceive the micr

123 process, allowing the effects of eCA on cell boundary-layer chemistry to be assessed.

124 Marine boundary-layer clouds polluted by aerosol particles, how

125 py and air temperatures within the planetary boundary layer compared to Koshihikari.

126 es and appeared to be less influenced by the boundary layer compared to that of polar organic chemica

127 re of microbial communities from the benthic boundary layer concurrent with imaging provides possible

128 om 1.0 to 3.2 (neutral to stable atmospheric boundary layer conditions).

129 icts no nucleation under the observed marine boundary layer conditions.

130 trogen oxides at midday under typical marine boundary layer conditions.

131 ggest that one parameter linking the laminar boundary layer conductance to the Schmidt number depends

132 ound and from aircraft, including the marine boundary layer, continental low-NO(x) regions influenced

133 is thought that instabilities in the thermal boundary layer could lead to the intermittent formation

134 Diffusive boundary layer (DBL) thickness had less effect on the o-

135 and static conditions, the in situ diffusive boundary layer (DBL) thickness ranged from 0.023 to 0.07

136 ed measurements indicated that the diffusive boundary layer (DBL) was approximately 0.40 mm in thickn

137 effective area and the appropriate diffusive boundary layer (DBL) were used.

138 iffusion is also propagated to the diffusive boundary layer (DBL), where it leads to a slightly stron

139 on a per mum(2) basis, likely due to distal boundary layer depletion of platelets.

140 one are rapidly removed from the atmospheric boundary layer during depletion events in the Arctic, ca

141 ansported from the free troposphere into the boundary layer during precipitation events by strong con

142 i-enclosed air basin with a unique planetary boundary layer dynamic.

143 We modeled boundary layer dynamics over glabrous and pubescent leav

144 piration rates with effects on the planetary boundary layer dynamics through the partitioning between

145 including tropical instability waves, marine boundary layer dynamics, and the prediction of hurricane

146 olerance to drought but a limited control on boundary layer dynamics.

147 Tmax s using a thermal dry bath to eliminate boundary layer effects: body size correlations observed

148 are variously submerged in these superheated boundary layer environments.

149 present an additional sink for amines in the boundary layer, especially at night when the gas-phase r

150 orest and pasture sites during the Rondonian Boundary Layer Experiment (RBLE-3) elucidate the physica

151 hear-driven melt extraction from the surface boundary layer explains volcanic provinces such as Yello

152 by molecular diffusion through an unstirred boundary layer extending 1-2 mm from the coral surface,

153 Unlike in the planetary boundary layer, few observations of NPF in the free trop

154 Furthermore, a complex boundary layer flow structure was determined, indicating

155 tructure directly correlates to the observed boundary layer flow.

156 easured in turbulent pipe flows (and also in boundary layer flows) with the predictions of a recently

157 the base of the mantle is also a mechanical boundary layer for mantle convection.

158 ate anemophilous pollen grains, and unsteady boundary-layer forces produced by wind gusts are found t

159 of the Multimedia Urban Model (MUM) and the boundary layer forecast and air pollution transport mode

160 me flow rate, with a collimated jet and thin boundary layer formed at the faster flow rates (approxim

161 The aqueous boundary layer formed on the membrane is considered to b

162 ounced near the inlet where larger diffusive boundary layers formed around grains and in slow-flowing

163 Whereas the thermal boundary layer forms as a consequence of the heat flux f

164 h layer is consistent with the Younger Dryas boundary layer found at numerous sites across North Amer

165 For the planetary boundary layer, global simulations indicate that SOA are

166 tion on the composition of the remote marine boundary layer has been determined by implementing these

167 que in well-stirred solutions, the diffusive boundary layer has generally been ignored on the assumpt

168 Because this boundary layer has the potential to behave as a lubrican

169 Results show that decreases in planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) resulting from the radiativ

170 g/volatilization of BrC and/or due to rising boundary layer height.

171 At the same time, maximum boundary layer heights are reduced by about a third of t

172 in daily maximum temperatures, daily maximum boundary layer heights, and ventilation coefficients thr

173 than, that of particles present in the urban boundary layer; however, it is largely overlooked as a s

174 ittle ecology is understood above the flight boundary layer (i.e. >10 m) where in north-west Europe a

175 lection-absorption spectrum of the diffusion boundary layer in [Fe(CN)(6)](4)(-) aqueous solutions ov

176 existence of a thick upper thermo-mechanical boundary layer in a rift system approaching the point of

177 ncreases the calcium concentration in a thin boundary layer in contact with the surface, allowing the

178 A field campaign at the Marine Boundary Layer in Roscoff (in the northwest of France, 4

179 The presence of a relatively large boundary layer in smaller discoidal HDL promotes prefere

180 e changes have produced the most distinctive boundary layer in the late Quaternary record.

181 quasi-two-dimensional diffusion of ions in a boundary layer in which the electrical potential interac

182 ey aspects of unsteady viscous diffusion and boundary layers in the circulation.

183 f particle concentrations in the continental boundary layer, in good agreement with observations.

184 cted concentrations of the components in the boundary layers indicate the start of a new cycle every

185 port in the free troposphere over the marine boundary layer into Nevada.

186 We report year-round measurements of boundary layer iodine oxide and bromine oxide at the nea

187 ve sampling rates (PSRs) unless the air-side boundary layer is assumed to be extremely thick (i.e., r

188 at the rate of energy dissipation within the boundary layer is enhanced by one to two orders of magni

189 nditions where diffusion through the aqueous boundary layer is rate-determining.

190 The resulting boundary layer is stratified in contrast to the classica

191 depletion and acidification of the membrane/boundary layer is sufficient to activate the light-sensi

192 ta also reveal evidence for a well-developed boundary layer just inside the magnetopause.

193 ing has long been thought to take place in a boundary layer known as the tachocline between the radia

194 the 65 million-year-old Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary layer (KTB).

195 past two decades, observations in the marine boundary layer, laboratory studies and modelling efforts

196 n crust developed a strong and thick thermal boundary layer leads to the possibility that such ancien

197 remove the bottom of the continental thermal boundary layer lithosphere from adjacent continental mar

198 d acetaldehyde in the tropical remote marine boundary layer made between October 2006 and September 2

199 an over laminar boundary layers, a turbulent boundary layer may lead to increased carbon uptake by pl

200 ents of aerosol sulfate in a polluted marine boundary layer (MBL) and primary sulfate (p-SO(4)) sampl

201 chemical composition of the tropical marine boundary layer (MBL) are rare, despite its crucial role

202 een determined and has been used in a marine boundary layer (MBL) box model to determine the enhancem

203 s and significant O3 reduction in the marine boundary layer (MBL).

204 dimension reduces both momentum and thermal boundary layers, meanwhile extends the time duration for

205 The ocean surface boundary layer mediates air-sea exchange.

206 Finally, a boundary layer method for numerical calculation of the c

207 Planetary boundary layer modelling is used to estimate the potenti

208 is analogous to the secondary instability of boundary-layer natural transition, namely a spanwise vor

209 The size of the crowded boundary layer near the overlap ends is also dependent o

210 In the boundary layer near the wall having the thickness approx

211 per trillion by volume can explain observed boundary layer new particle formation rates.

212 nclude the time to develop the concentration boundary layer of agonist, receptor activation, and the

213 nutrient uptake and show that it generates a boundary layer of concentration of the diffusing solute.

214 STF is expressed at the adaxial-abaxial boundary layer of leaf primordia and governs organizatio

215 ath ocean basins separates the upper thermal boundary layer of rigid, conductively cooling plates fro

216 Once an odorant arrives at the boundary layer of the antenna, odor transduction can occ

217 ither choice of boundary condition have thin boundary layers of depth E(1/2), where E is the Ekman nu

218 n the inner layer of the developed turbulent boundary layer, of what we call turbulent-turbulent spot

219 monly observed in the atmospheric convective boundary layer on warm, sunny days.

220 pends on mass transfer, either in an aqueous boundary layer or by intraparticle diffusion.

221 on of water of combustion in the atmospheric boundary layer over Salt Lake City.

222 We demonstrate that the atmospheric boundary layer over the forested areas is more unstable

223 rface, surface air temperature and planetary boundary layer (PBL) height.

224 ter vapour accumulate in a shallow planetary boundary layer (PBL).

225 eatures in forcing the atmospheric planetary boundary layer (PBL).

226 In the surrounding boundary layer plasma, ion- and electron-scale turbulenc

227 ion of hydrogen-helium immiscibility and the boundary-layer pressure in standard models of the intern

228 e conditions in CNTL run limit the evolution boundary layer processes and thereby failed to simulate

229 quantitatively and attributed to the fluidic boundary-layer reduction owing to the liquid convection.

230 the traditional O(1D) + H2O reaction in the boundary-layer region for high solar zenith angles.

231 origin of an (intrinsically dense) chemical boundary layer remains uncertain.

232 into cloud condensation nuclei in the Amazon boundary layer remains unclear.

233 n plants and the atmosphere are stomatal and boundary layer resistances.

234 e existence of intense, sub-kilometer-scale, boundary layer rolls that strongly modulated the near-su

235 nitude larger than can be explained based on boundary layer scattering effects.

236 New particle formation in a tropical marine boundary layer setting was characterized during NASA's P

237 allow circulations and the precise timing of boundary-layer stratification and destratification.

238 erosol concentrations typical of the coastal boundary layer suggests a I(2) mixing ratio range of 6-9

239 O3(-)) is an abundant component of aerosols, boundary layer surface films, and surface water.

240 se data suggest that chemical changes in the boundary layer surrounding adults during photosynthesis

241 via the kinetic resistance posed by the air boundary layer surrounding the PSM because that layer wa

242 Boundary layer temperatures are likely key to predicting

243 vective updrafts and diabatic heating in the boundary layer that contributed to low level positive po

244 ctrolyte convection inside the concentration boundary layer that correlates to the deposited structur

245 mple, if the lithosphere is simply a thermal boundary layer that is more rigid owing to colder temper

246 ontains superposed thermal and compositional boundary layers that are laterally heterogeneous.

247 ns show the diurnal variation of the martian boundary layer thermal structure, including a near-surfa

248 As expected, boundary layer thickness decreased with decreasing leaf

249 by the paracellular route, (ii) the aqueous boundary layer thickness in the intestinal perfusion exp

250 At Earth-like values of viscosity, the boundary layer thickness is approximately 1 m, for eithe

251 n biofilm can be significantly biased if the boundary layer thickness is not accurately estimated.

252 ficients, thick polyethylene relative to the boundary layer thickness, and/or short exposure times.

253 nt diffusion coefficient excluding Sephadex, boundary layer thicknesses excluding silica, sensitivity

254 contact of the air masses with the planetary boundary layer; this is related to the time needed for o

255 and the atmospheric chemistry of the marine boundary layer through physicochemical processes at and

256 ears to be important in acidifying the outer boundary layer through the catalyzed hydration of excret

257 NO2-to-nitrite conversion in the atmospheric boundary layer throughout the day, while amphoteric mine

258 few trichomes may increase turbulence in the boundary layer, thus facilitating photosynthetic gas exc

259 the depth of focus to overlap the diffusion boundary layer to achieve maximum detection sensitivity.

260 y upon high levels of TKE in the atmospheric boundary layer to increase flight distances and maintain

261 ion between the land surface and atmospheric boundary layer to infer daily evapotranspiration from hi

262 We sampled air in the Canadian Arctic marine boundary layer to quantify, for the first time, atmosphe

263 d total nitrogen, sedimentology, and benthic boundary layer turbidity, all appear to be consistent wi

264 In the overlying urban boundary layer (UBL), ambient temperature and PM2.5 vari

265 During springtime, the Arctic atmospheric boundary layer undergoes frequent rapid depletions in oz

266 nment in the convecting mantle, storage in a boundary layer, upwelling as a mantle plume and partial

267 nsects in the daytime convective atmospheric boundary layer using vertical-looking entomological rada

268 Our estimates suggest that up to 13% of the boundary layer vapor during the period of study was deri

269 tions of methylated Hg species in the marine boundary layer varied significantly among our sites, wit

270 t with a novel source of OVOCs to the marine boundary layer via chemistry at the sea surface microlay

271 acid and nitrogen oxides in the clean marine boundary layer via particulate nitrate photolysis.

272 ely caused by nucleation in the polar marine boundary layer was quantified annually as 18%, with a pe

273 ous acid (HONO) accumulates in the nocturnal boundary layer where it is an important source of daytim

274 least locally, there may exist a mid-mantle boundary layer, which could indicate the impediment of f

275 iodine chemistry in the open ocean tropical boundary layer, which incorporates these experimental re

276 ated shallow convection in the stable Arctic boundary layer, which mixes Hg(0) and ozone from undeple

277 gest that galectin-3 reinforces the lubricin boundary layer; which, in turn, enhances cartilage lubri

278 ity core develops a thick insulating surface boundary layer with a thermal maximum, a subadiabatic in

279 ile collected resulted in observation of the boundary layer with elevated CO(2) levels, a region in t

280 y as a function of thinning of the diffusive boundary layer with increased velocity.

281 ng downstream of a sill in a well-stratified boundary layer, with mixing levels remaining of the orde

282 t component of the water budget of the urban boundary layer, with potential implications for urban cl

283 x state encircled by a counter-rotating cell boundary layer, with spiral cell orientation within the

284 to the ocean cavity reveal a buoyancy-driven boundary layer within a basal channel that melts the cha

285 Model extrapolation to the marine boundary layer yields daytime chlorine atom concentratio