ライフサイエンスコーパス: brittle

1 transport can render the materials stiff and brittle.

2 hich suggests that protein G is mechanically brittle.

3 al proteins are predicted to be particularly brittle.

4 oves close to the folded state, i.e., RNA is brittle.

5 d from lipoic acid are rigid, resilient, and brittle.

6 ously cover the entire range from ductile to brittle.

7 erials, however, can be expensive, heavy and brittle.

8 , whereas each was previously proposed to be brittle.

9 miniscent of the phenotype observed in maize brittle-1 mutable was also evident in these individuals.

10 zed, including a major membrane transporter (Brittle-1 or ADP-glucose transporter).

11 We also provide evidence that the brittle-1 protein (BT1), an adenylate translocator with

12 small subunit of AGPase from maize endosperm Brittle-2 (Bt2).

13 s of the bt2-7503 mutant allele of the maize brittle-2 gene revealed a point mutation in the 5' termi

14 perties without fracturing the intrinsically brittle active materials or even inducing significant ch

15 from selective amplification of mechanically brittle aggregates by sample agitation, captures the mec

16 in polymethylmethacrylate, the archetype of brittle amorphous materials: We reconstruct the complete

17 ever, most oxidation resistant materials are brittle and a significant reduction in their yield stres

18 ntrast, amorphous carbon is known to be very brittle and can sustain little compressive deformation.

19 Silicon-based moulds are brittle and have limited longevity.

20 ontrast, the other patient had long standing brittle and poorly controlled diabetes with numerous epi

21 tion exceeds bone formation, rendering bones brittle and prone to fracture.

22 ning systems, including that they are highly brittle and that they need vastly more examples than do

23 In particular, MgB2 is mechanically hard and brittle and therefore not amenable to drawing into the d

24 -carbon martensitic steels are intrinsically brittle and thus are not expected to find any applicatio

25 Skeletal fragility, as reflected in brittle and weak femora, is an inherent feature of PKU.

26 ctin becomes less like cast iron (strong but brittle) and more like steel (stronger and more resilien

27 ent fish-bone remains, despite being porous, brittle, and light, provide an excellent source of endog

28 ity, macroscopically they can effectively be brittle, and much current research is directed at improv

29 , glassy materials are inherently strong but brittle, and often demonstrate extreme sensitivity to fl

30 The capsid becomes brittle, and pentons are more easily released.

31 studies have found that native proteins are brittle, and thus not very deformable.

32 The toughening origin of previously-thought brittle aragonite platelet is ascribed to its unique nan

33 am method, show that these composites are as brittle as dense Al(2)O(3) (having a toughness of 3.22 M

34 wt.%) are very hard but at the same time as brittle as glass in as-quenched or low-temperature-tempe

35 rdless of diet and sex, PKU femora were more brittle, as manifested by lower post-yield displacement,

36 ree of stress concentration on LFE-producing brittle asperities embedded within an otherwise aseismic

37 These compounds are usually brittle at low temperatures, and transformation from one

38 -hole bonds were stronger, tighter, and more brittle at pH 7 than at pH 5.

39 ical uses have materialized because they are brittle at room temperature.

40 bility-engineering" strategy is exploited in brittle bcc HEAs via tailoring the stability of the cons

41 alline materials were found to be strong but brittle, because both nucleation and motion of dislocati

42 h a finite element solver, and also included brittle behavior, adhesive and cohesive failure, stochas

43 way to extend the ductility of intrinsically-brittle BMGs, opening up wider applications of these mat

44 ompetition between two alternative routes of brittle bond breaking and plastic relaxation, determine

45 We identify phenotypes associated with human brittle bone disease and thyroid stimulating hormone rec

46 Osteogenesis imperfecta or 'brittle bone disease' has mainly been considered a bone

47 Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI or brittle bone disease) is a disorder of connective tissue

48 Defective folding has been implicated in brittle bone disease, and these results begin to charact

49 Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), also known as brittle bone disease, is a clinically and genetically he

50 Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), or brittle bone disease, is most often caused by dominant m

51 Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), or brittle bone disease, often results from missense mutati

52 A mouse model of the genetic brittle bone disease, osteogenesis imperfect, oim, is ch

53 eogenesis Imperfecta (OI), also known as the brittle bone disease, relates to the extent of conformat

54 Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is an inherited brittle bone disorder characterized by bone fragility an

55 agen genes in MSCs from individuals with the brittle bone disorder osteogenesis imperfecta, demonstra

56 implicate human Opt as a candidate gene for brittle bone disorders.

57 defective processing of prelamin A, but the brittle bone phenotype suggests a broader role for Zmpst

58 Ostoegenesis imperfecta (OI) or "brittle bone" disease is associated with mutations in th

59 f 2 transgenic lines produced offspring with brittle bones caused by a reduction in collagenous bone

60 anner, of connective tissue characterized by brittle bones, fractures and extraskeletal manifestation

61 that results in low bone mineral density and brittle bones.

62 ons on the plastic deformation behavior of a brittle bulk amorphous alloy by simple uniaxial compress

63 r strengthening and toughening the otherwise brittle calcite optical lenses found in the brittlestar

64 formation at room temperature is essentially brittle, cataclastic, and mostly accommodated by fractur

65 ngth relationships that lie between those of brittle ceramics and marginally tough metals.

66 as they are critical for clinical success of brittle ceramics and treatment options that rely on adhe

67 y the hard realities of these new materials: brittle ceramics are not easily formed into long flexibl

68 on nanotubes (SWNTs) as toughening agents in brittle ceramics.

69 e-centered cubic metals in that it undergoes brittle cleavage after a period of plastic deformation u

70 density and strong work hardening from which brittle cleavage is a natural consequence.

71 The quantitative mechanical data (brittle compressive strength and friction coefficient) o

72 Our model predictions for both the brittle compressive strength and the brittle-ductile tra

73 A simple strategy for changing a brittle conducting polymer ( PEDOT: PSS) into a solution

74 A simple strategy for changing a brittle conducting polymer ( PEDOT: PSS) into a solution

75 sts mostly of aragonite (a form of CaCO3), a brittle constituent of relatively low strength ([Formula

76 crostructures, which are composited with two brittle constituents (graphene and ceramic) assembled in

77 nal class of quasibrittle structures, having brittle constituents and characterized by nonnegligible

78 that in a multimaterial fibre composed of a brittle core embedded in a ductile polymer cladding, col

79 containing protein 5 (PRDM5) genes result in brittle cornea syndrome (BCS) Types 1 and 2, respectivel

80 aneous rupture, are the cardinal features of brittle cornea syndrome (BCS), an autosomal-recessive ge

81 Type 2 brittle cornea syndrome (BCS2) is an inherited connectiv

82 Furthermore, the brittle cracking mechanism is proposed for the graphene

83 application of uniaxial stress evolves from brittle cracking to system-spanning diffuse breaking.

84 understanding of magma transport through the brittle crust and of the causes of volcanic seismicity.

85 e mechanism of earthquake instability in the brittle crust as (1) gouge always forms during fault sli

86 lows that ridges can propagate stably in the brittle crust without exceptional resisting forces as pr

87 rs through deformation and fracturing of the brittle crust.

88 Two endmember models have been proposed: (1) brittle crustal thickening, in which thrust faults with

89 Brittle crystals, such as coloured gems, have long been

90 , and if so how they can go straight in real brittle crystals, which always contain many such defects

91 emical correlations are observed in the more brittle Cu46Zr54, where topological low coordination num

92 trophy (TTD), a rare inherited disorder with brittle, cystine-deficient hair.

93 , and analysis of recovered samples revealed brittle deformation features associated with high pore-f

94 istent with the observations on Pluto of non-brittle deformation within the N2-ice sheet.

95 lycaemic control, diabetic ketoacidosis, and brittle diabetes in adolescents and young adults with ID

96 lant alone (PTA) in a nonuremic patient with brittle diabetes mellitus remains a rare procedure becau

97 t option that allows nonuremic patients with brittle diabetes to become insulin-independent in the lo

98 rate ordering in both elastic (hydrated) and brittle (dry) elastin fibers and conclude (i) that tight

99 akes (LFEs) on faults in the vicinity of the brittle-ductile (seismic-aseismic) transition.

100 However, the recent discovery of abundant brittle-ductile fault textures in silicic lavas has led

101 little is known quantitatively regarding its brittle-ductile properties and yield strength at high te

102 oth the brittle compressive strength and the brittle-ductile transition are consistent with data from

103 loading results in ductile failure once the brittle-ductile transition is crossed.

104 -300 km in subduction zones, occur below the brittle-ductile transition, where high pressures render

105 ed by crustal permeability, particularly the brittle-ductile transition.

106 lower critical reinforcement volume for the brittle-ductile transition.

107 l anisotropic strength profiles identify the brittle-ductile transitions in lithospheric strength.

108 nd ablation of Mmp20 in mice results in thin brittle enamel with a dysplastic rod pattern.

109 Mmp20 null mice have thin brittle enamel with disrupted rod patterns that easily a

110 crack-arrest barrier for flaws formed in the brittle enamel1.

111 stly unknown genes interacting with opaque2, brittle endosperm1 and shrunken2, contributes to seed ph

112 n loci, such as teosinte branched1 (tb1) and brittle endosperm2 (bt2), had already lost most of the n

113 tarch biosynthesis: amylose extender1 (ae1), brittle endosperm2 (bt2), shrunken1 (sh1), sh2, sugary1,

114 fterward, all organs of the bk2 mutants turn brittle, even the preexisting ones, and they remain brit

115 The micro-mechanisms of brittle failure affect the bulk mechanical behaviour and

116 led a transition from plastic deformation to brittle failure and at least a factor-of-2 higher streng

117 titative evidence for universal processes in brittle failure and for the broad applicability of the m

118 sion to >/= 50% strain; (iii) suppression of brittle failure and structural instabilities in hollow c

119 Brittle failure begins when primary cracks initiate and

120 To overcome brittle failure in tension, BMG-matrix composites have b

121 se depths indicate that the maximum depth of brittle failure is at a temperature of approximately 600

122 approximately 680 km, even though unassisted brittle failure is inhibited at depths greater than abou

123 Brittle failure limits the compressive strength of rock

124 ressure and temperature with depth precludes brittle failure or frictional sliding beyond a few tens

125 Here we apply a new model of elastic-brittle failure to test the alternative view that succes

126 mechanics, and Weibull statistical theory of brittle failure, and (ii) to give a broad but succinct o

127 ed failure analogous to, but different from, brittle failure.

128 ouge formation are found to be ubiquitous in brittle faults at all scales, and most slip along mature

129 ads to the break-up of an embedded or coated brittle film into narrow parallel strips that are aligne

130 by a simple geometrical model applicable to brittle films on ductile substrates.

131 ging from 55 to 85 years), 44 (67%) reported brittle fingernails at a median of 6.5 (95% CI, 6-12) mo

132 grain "disarticulation zone," converting the brittle floral axis (the rachis) of the wild-type into a

133 consistent with the consumption of hard and brittle foods.

134 e rachis) of the wild-type into a tough, non-brittle form that promoted grain retention.

135 that nacreous sections can exhibit complete brittle fracture along the tablet interfaces at the prop

136 ow that BP treatment is associated with more brittle fracture and microcracks without altering the av

137 We observe failure by brittle fracture at an average stress of 1.1 GPa.

138 Because brittle fracture in any structural material can involve

139 py experiments reveal a striking contrast of brittle fracture in pristine silicon versus ductile tens

140 ss-to-radius ratio of the tubes can suppress brittle fracture in the constituent solid in favor of el

141 es of 2-4 GPa (60-120 km depth), above which brittle fracture mechanics predicts that the instability

142 hous metals that usually exhibit macroscopic brittle fracture modes.

143 Catastrophic brittle fracture of crystalline materials is one of the

144 The in situ tensile testing reveals the brittle fracture of large-area MoSe2 crystals and measur

145 s demonstrate the extensive applicability of brittle fracture theory to fundamental understanding of

146 licability of the classic Griffith theory of brittle fracture to graphene.

147 sent end-members of a continuous spectrum of brittle fracture types.

148 arge-scale simulations of mixed-mode I + III brittle fracture using a continuum phase-field method th

149 ic yielding, and almost always terminated by brittle fracture.

150 A majority of the fibril specimens showed brittle fracture.

151 Two basic types of brittle fractures are commonly observed in rock deformat

152 presence of more WEs results in a strong but brittle gel with a high initial flow yield stress.

153 Unlike conventional brittle glasses, metallic glasses are generally capable

154 crack nucleation under indentation, even for brittle glassy systems.

155 materials, resulting from the coexistence of brittle grains and soft amorphous grain boundary phases.

156 They had a wide variety of phenotypes, from brittle hair only to severe intellectual impairment and

157 The most striking defect is brittle hair resulting in alopecia (hairless mice).

158 utosomal recessive disorder characterized by brittle hair with reduced sulfur content, ichthyosis, pe

159 ble by cold-plastic forming of the typically brittle Hf-based bulk amorphous alloy through controllin

160 hole insects presents a challenge due to the brittle hydrophobic cuticle surrounding the body and het

161 ound state, implying that the interaction is brittle, i.e., once deformed, the complex fractures.

162 ulted in the fracture and exfoliation of the brittle implants.

163 in mature stems but not seedlings, and more brittle in both stems and seedlings, compared to wild ty

164 , irrespective of their compositions, become brittle in the intermediate temperature range of 0.6-0.7

165 In addition, Abeta fibrils are found to be brittle in the lateral direction of unbinding and soft a

166 foods and P. robustus consumed more hard and brittle items, but that both had variable and overlappin

167 model of human osteogenesis imperfecta, the Brittle IV (Brtl) mouse, in which defective type I colla

168 We designate these mice BrtlIV (Brittle IV).

169 xure-induced cementation surface fracture of brittle layers than the axial loading.

170 These plants had brittle leaves and cell walls of leaves had less galactu

171 n TC molecules begin to fracture, leading to brittle-like failure.

172 tensile elasticity (>20%) not found in their brittle-like metallic constituents, and a near-constant

173 iscosity that acts to decouple the overlying brittle lithosphere from the deeper convecting mantle.

174 edominantly reflect tectonic faulting in the brittle lithosphere rather than magma movement associate

175 pathologies: molars lacking roots, thin and brittle mandibular incisors, and weakened abnormal maxil

176 hey lack ductility and fail in an apparently brittle manner in unconstrained loading geometries.

177 e pre-cracked graphene sample fractures in a brittle manner with sharp edges, at a breaking stress su

178 copper cause this ductile metal to fail in a brittle manner?

179 t such failure can be suppressed in normally brittle martensitic ceramics by providing a fine-scale s

180 eels to be maintained, while eliminating the brittle martensitic phase from the surface.

181 rofile can be designed such that cracks in a brittle material are arrested or grow in a stable manner

182 s the speed of a crack propagating through a brittle material increases, a dynamical instability lead

183 ain curve shows that the BiI3 nanosheet is a brittle material with a breaking strain of 13%.

184 chanism, BMGs are typically considered to be brittle materials and are not suitable for structural ap

185 Elastic waves are generated when brittle materials are subjected to increasing strain.

186 enables morphological control, transforming brittle materials into mechanically tough blends.

187 chanics descriptions for damage evolution in brittle materials loaded repeatedly with a sliding spher

188 Some brittle materials such as intermetallics and ceramics ex

189 In the absence of a corrosive environment, brittle materials such as silicon should be immune to cy

190 hat our approach will be applicable to other brittle materials systems (including ceramics and glasse

191 Nanoporous glasses are inherently brittle materials that become increasingly fragile with

192 sisting of quasibrittle materials, which are brittle materials with inhomogeneities that are not negl

193 ical procedures that inevitably damage these brittle materials, and the oral environment.

194 The behaviour is observed in many different brittle materials, but the underlying physical principle

195 transgranular fracture has been observed in brittle materials, our results show transgranular fractu

196 In many amorphous brittle materials, sufficiently fast crack growth involv

197 sics of the scale-invariant fragmentation of brittle materials, which is shown to be applicable to du

198 aws even when made entirely of intrinsically brittle materials.

199 del, which describes the failure behavior of brittle materials.

200 endent of material parameters for isotropic, brittle media, our results apply across scales.

201 ganosilica films are much more flexible than brittle mesoporous silica films templated by NCC.

202 Despite the high loading of brittle metal oxide particles, the biscrolled solid-stat

203 how that polycrystalline graphene fails in a brittle mode and grain boundary junctions serve as the c

204 yield zones ("quasi-plastic mode"), with the brittle mode more dominant in the spinels and the quasi-

205 h tests originates from either cone cracks ("brittle mode") or yield zones ("quasi-plastic mode"), wi

206 Two distinct modes are observed: "brittle" mode, classic macroscopic fracture outside the

207 s, resulting in transitional brittle to semi-brittle modes under P and T much lower than expected.

208 es (AFFs), rare fractures with a transverse, brittle morphology.

209 de reveals unusual deformation mechanisms in brittle nanophase materials, resulting from the coexiste

210 diffusion, promoting adhesion and toughening brittle nanoporous structures.

211 lack of work hardening, and macroscopically brittle nature in these metals when their average grain

212 Their intrinsically brittle nature is a critical issue, but can be overcome

213 cal and sealing components, but owing to the brittle nature of ceramics their use requires careful en

214 ind limited utility due to their macroscopic brittle nature, high costs, and difficulty of processing

215 re titanium transforms from ductile alpha to brittle omega at 9 GPa, creating serious technological p

216 n absorb spikes in mechanical force, whereas brittle ones fail catastrophically.

217 ly understood only for the limiting cases of brittle or ductile structures.

218 8), toys with paint or coating (n = 12), and brittle or pliable toys (n = 18), TC's were below the EU

219 upture the entire downdip width of the outer brittle part of the earth's crust and small shocks that

220 croscale elastic connector for the rigid and brittle perovskite and induces stretchability to the com

221 dness number(VHN) showed no significant hard brittle phases in the sample.

222 d bend tests of the internodes show that the brittle phenotype does not result from loss of tensile s

223 ile leaves before or after appearance of the brittle phenotype, but bk2 mature and developing stems a

224 is lowered in leaves after the onset of the brittle phenotype, total wall mass as a proportion of dr

225 ly development, well before the onset of the brittle phenotype, we propose that Bk2 functions in a pa

226 content is not strictly correlated with the brittle phenotype.

227 ck waves was observed along weak planes in a brittle polyester resin under far-field asymmetric loadi

228 e that a scaffold made from PLLA, known as a brittle polymer, does not fracture when crimped onto a b

229 g the N-terminal domain exhibit mechanically brittle properties in the unbound state, but highly flex

230 enome, we identified the causal mutations in Brittle Rachis 1 (TtBtr1) genes controlling shattering,

231 dependent selections of germplasm with a non-brittle rachis were made during the domestication of bar

232 Narrow strike-slip faults in the shallow brittle regime of interior Marlborough diffuse in width

233 rustal faulting, which occurs in the crust's brittle regime, has remained difficult because the low t

234 The most brittle responses are observed in the fine glass-ceramic

235 Faults in brittle rock are shear fractures formed through the inte

236 injection of large volumes of CO(2) into the brittle rocks commonly found in continental interiors.

237 n ratio, entails a crossover from plastic-to-brittle rupture mechanisms.

238 ching those of conventional systems built on brittle semiconductor wafers.

239 An improved understanding of brittle shear failure in three dimensions has important

240 promotes a mutual interaction that produces brittle shear planes oriented obliquely to the remote pr

241 We also identify BRITTLE STALK 2-LIKE 3 as a putative ortholog of AtCOB.

242 The maize (Zea mays) brittle stalk2 (bk2) is a recessive mutant, the aerial p

243 dae, and confirmed the position of ophiuroid brittle stars as sister to asteroid sea stars (the Aster

244 165,000 distribution records of Ophiuroidea (brittle stars), a dominant component of sea-floor fauna,

245 Here we report that these brittle steels can be transformed into super-strong ones

246 y of reacted cement leads to a wide range of brittle strength values in any of the reaction zones, wi

247 For perfectly ductile and perfectly brittle structures, the empirical approach is sufficient

248 , and mechanical protection of the generally brittle superconductor cores.

249 Mutant mice develop brittle teeth with hypoplastic dentin and molars with an

250 utants have kernel phenotypes that include a brittle texture, susceptibility to insect pests, and inf

251 The high anisotropies, brittle textures and high manufacturing costs limit the

252 KO wounds were significantly weaker and more brittle than control wounds, results consistent with the

253 Fresh TA biscuits were significantly more brittle than fresh PG biscuits.

254 thin graphene, between the substrate and the brittle thin film.

255 The cut concept fails on brittle thin sheets due to severe stress concentration i

256 th impaired desquamation, hypotrichosis with brittle, thin, uneven, and sparse hair, and tooth defect

257 f-heal by thermal restoration to re-form the brittle thread.

258 , even the preexisting ones, and they remain brittle throughout the life of the plant.

259 fusion joining of Ti6Al4V to SS316 can cause brittle Ti-Fe intermetallics which compromise join bonds

260 nd strain rates regulate the transition from brittle to ductile behaviour.

261 slocation mobility being responsible for the brittle to ductile temperature transition.

262 The brittle to ductile transition in densified silica glass

263 vity; versatile mechanical response (elastic-brittle to elastomeric, reversible deformation, high ene

264 damage processes, resulting in transitional brittle to semi-brittle modes under P and T much lower t

265 ucidate the mechanistic underpinnings of the brittle-to-ductile transition governed by atomic bonding

266 We observe a brittle-to-ductile transition in samples with orthogonal

267 measurements by nanoindentation show a rapid brittle-to-ductile transition of fracture as the lithium

268 uently, an abrupt and dramatic size-induced "brittle-to-ductile" transition occurs around 100 nm.

269 Fifteen patients (23%) developed brittle toenails after a median of 9 (95% CI, 6-15) mont

270 cludes failure and can punctuate the viscous-brittle transition in crystal-bearing magmas at certain

271 crystallization exhibits a higher ductile-to-brittle transition temperature which increases with the

272 he ideal limit, with a remarkable ductile-to-brittle transition with decreasing twin size.

273 o insulin therapy in patients suffering from brittle type 1 diabetes.

274 ted in an unconstrained, naturally diabetic, brittle, type I, insulin-dependent chimpanzee.

275 have shown that natively folded proteins are brittle under tension, unfolding after small mechanical

276 ductile lower crust and upper mantle to the brittle upper crust in the 7 years following the Landers

277 Joining a brittle veneer to a strong ceramic core with an adhesive

278 le" to process, since they are infusible and brittle when dry.

279 the disease-causing K255E mutation are more brittle, with a lower breaking stress in comparison to n

280 Most hydrogels are brittle, with fracture energies of about 10 J m(-2) (ref

281 ally null mice are dramatically weakened and brittle, with spontaneous fractures-defining features of